儿童气管、支气管非金属异物的影像学诊断

目的 探讨气管、支气管非金属异物的影像学表现，提高对该病的早期诊断率。方法 回顾性分析了60例气管、支气管非金属异物的临床与影像学征象。结果 本组60例中，右侧支气管异物32例，左侧支气管异物22例，主气管异物6例。常见的影像学表现为阻塞性肺气肿51例，纵隔摆动48例。结论 病史及影像学表现是诊断气管、支气管非金属异物的主要手段。     

S100 proteins in Corpora amylacea from normal human brain

Corpora amylacea (C.A.) also named polyglucosan bodies (P.B.) are one of the hallmarks of normal brain aging. Although their functions are not yet clear, C.A. increase in number in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. C.A. contain 88% of hexoses and 4% of proteins. Most of the proteins in C.A. are aging or stress proteins such as heat shock proteins, ubiquitinated proteins and advanced glycation end products which are also proinflammatory products. Stimulated by the potential role played by some S100 proteins in the inflammatory process which may be triggered in C.A., we investigated, by immunohistochemistry, the presence of different S100 proteins (S100A1, S100A2, S100A3, S100A4, S100A5, S100A6, S100A8, S100A9, S100A12 and S100B) in C.A. from normal human brain. Among the ten S100 proteins analyzed, nine (S100A) were detected in C.A. Three S100 proteins (S100A8, S100A9, S100A12) which are highly expressed in activated macrophages and used as inflammatory markers were detected in C.A. S100A8 was, in addition, found in thick neuronal processes from the pons. One (S100B) could not be found in C.A. although it was highly expressed in astrocytes. In C.A., the staining intensity was estimated by computer-assisted microscopy and gave the following order: S100A1 congruent withS100A8 congruent with S100A9>S100A5> or =S100A4>S100A12>S100A6> S100A2=S100A3. The potential inflammatory role played by S100 proteins in C.A. is discussed.     

粘弹剂悬浮法取出后极部眼内异物

目的:探讨后极部眼内异物取出方法。方法:借助眼用粘弹剂(玻璃酸钠)的粘弹性和内聚性,首先将异物包绕、游离、悬浮,然后视异物大小、形状酌情选用自制异物回吸针头或异物钳取出异物。结果:本组17例(17眼)后极部眼内异物,均一次顺利取出,无一发生手术误伤及手术并发症。术后视力提高14眼,不变2眼,下降1眼。结论:借助粘弹剂游离悬浮法取出后极部眼内异物,可显著降低手术难度、手术损伤及手术并发症。尤其是悬浮回吸异物,效果更优。     

眼球内异物玻璃体手术治疗结果分析

目的　探讨玻璃体手术治疗眼球内异物及其并发症的临床效果。方法　对我院 1999年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月收治的各种眼球内异物 6 2例 6 4眼进行回顾性分析 ,男 5 8例 ,女 4例 ,年龄 8～ 4 6岁 ,平均 2 3岁。除 1例 1眼采用扁平部巩膜切口 ,磁铁吸出异物外 ,其余 6 1例 6 3眼均采用玻璃体切割术。术后视力≥ 0 .0 2作为功能成功的标准 ;术后视力<0 .0 2 ,眼球结构完整 ,作为解剖成功的标准 ,视力≥ 0 .0 5作为脱盲成功的标准。结果　所有眼球内异物均一次手术成功取出。共有 10眼发生眼内炎 ( 15 .6 3% ) ,随访 3～ 36月 (平均 12 .5月 ) ,最终视力 <0 .0 2者 14眼 ,≥ 0 .0 2者 5 0眼 ,≥ 0 .0 5者 36眼 ,≥ 0 .10者 2 5眼 ,≥ 0 .30者 6眼 ,≥ 0 .5 0者 10眼。功能成功率 (VA≥ 0 .0 2 )为 78.79% ,解剖成功率 (VA <0 .0 2 ,眼球结构完整 )为 93.75 % ,总脱盲率 (VA≥ 0 .0 5 )为5 6 .2 5 % .结论　眼内异物的治疗最好采用玻璃体切割术 ,强调尽早手术     

青光眼的中枢损伤

青光眼性损伤的形态学特征及病理机制 ,在视网膜节细胞水平及视神经水平已得到广泛研究 ;最近研究表明 ,青光眼对外侧膝状体、视皮质等中枢视路也存在相应损伤 ,并且提示青光眼的中枢损伤可能参与视功能状态的进一步恶化。我们对近年来青光眼中枢损伤的病理形态学及病理机制研究作一综述。     

瑞芬太尼用于小儿气管异物镜检术麻醉的临床研究

目的研究瑞芬太尼用于小儿支气管异物镜检术麻醉对应激反应的影响。方法气管异物患儿30例,随机分为两组,A组泵注-γOH 100 mg.kg-1,B组泵注-γOH 50 mg.kg-1复合瑞芬太尼0.05μg.kg-1.min-1,检测注药前(T0)、注药后(T1)、下镜时(T2)、下镜后30 min(T3)时的BIS值、HR、RR、SaO2、PEtCO2、皮质醇及血糖浓度。结果A、B组患儿注药后HR、BIS、RR明显下降(P<0.05),但下镜时A组患儿HR明显上升(P<0.05),两组患儿下镜副皮质醇及血糖浓度都升高(P<0.05),以A组明显(P<0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼可抑制小儿气管异物镜检所致的应激反应,且无明显呼吸循环抑制。     

螺旋CT虚拟内诊镜在小儿气管支气管异物诊断中的应用

目的探讨螺旋CT虚拟内诊镜(CTVE)在小儿气管、支气管异物诊断上的应用价值。 方法回顾性分析东南大学医学院附属徐州医院1998年1月至2004年12月收治的121例术前经CTVE诊断为气管支气管异物，并行支气管镜探查术患儿的诊疗情况，并分析CTVE诊断在临床应用上的意义及诊断的阳性符合率。 结果121例经CTVE诊断并行支气管镜探查证实并取除异物者115例，诊断符合率9504%。 结论CTVE检查是目前无创非侵入性诊断小儿气管支气管异物的较理想方法。     

An amazing case of working wrist watch in the esophagus

Foreign bodies in the esophagus are commonly seen in otolaryngologic practice. We report the successful removal of a working wrist watch dial lodged for one month in the esophagus of an adult schizophrenic patient, which is a rare incident.     

Psammocarcinoma of the ovary: a case report and review of the literature

Psammocarcinoma is a rare form of serous carcinoma of the ovary, associated with extensive psammoma body formation and invasion of surrounding structures. We report the case of a 63-year-old woman who presented with a highly calcified abdominopelvic mass and a raised CA-125 marker and who, following a full staging laparotomy, was diagnosed with stage IIIB ovarian psammocarcinoma. Serous ovarian psammocarcinoma is characterized by massive psammoma body formation, and despite the limited number of cases reported, it appears that the clinical prognosis is much more favorable than for the usual serous carcinomas and is similar to that of serous borderline lesions of the ovary. A summary of all the reported cases is provided to highlight the clinical and prognostic features of this rare tumor.     

小儿呼吸道异物的诊治

目的提高小儿呼吸道异物诊疗水平。方法对1984～2004年32例小儿呼吸道异物的误诊误治病例进行分析。结果误诊误治的病种有:急性喉炎、急性喉气管炎、急性支气管炎、肺炎、肺脓肿、喉及气管肿瘤等。结论体征不典型,询问病史不仔细及有些医生对其认识不足是小儿呼吸道异物误诊误治的主要原因。