沉默GOLPH3基因表达逆转人结肠癌细胞顺铂耐药的研究

背景与目的：化疗是结肠癌的重要治疗方法之一,其方案常含有铂类药物,而化疗耐药会影响结肠癌疗效和预后,其发生机制与基因异常表达有关。高尔基磷酸化蛋白3（Golgi phosphoprotein 3,GOLPH3）是一个癌基因,在结肠癌组织中存在过表达,可促进结肠癌细胞的增殖,与预后不良相关。目前,GOLPH3基因的高表达与结肠癌对铂类耐药的相关性尚不明确。探讨沉默GOLPH3基因逆转人结肠癌HT29细胞对顺铂的化疗耐药效应和机制。方法：HT29细胞分为5组。① 对照组：人结肠癌HT29细胞;② 转染组：siRNA-GOLPH3转染HT29细胞;③ 实验组1：经顺铂处理的HT29细胞;④ 实验组2：经顺铂处理的siRNA-GOLPH3转染HT29细胞;⑤ 实验组3：经顺铂和细胞外调节蛋白激酶（extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases,ERK）1/2抑制剂PD98059处理的HT29细胞。四甲基偶氮唑蓝（methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT）法、平板克隆形成实验检测各组结肠癌HT29细胞增殖及克隆形成能力。蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）检测GOLPH3、P-糖蛋白（P-glycoprotein,P-gp）、ERK1/2和pERK1/2蛋白的表达。结果：经顺铂处理后,实验组1、实验组2的细胞在波长490 nm处的吸光度（D）值均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,实验组2的D₄₉₀值显著低于实验组1（P<0.001）;实验组1和实验组2的细胞集落数均显著低于对照组（P<0.01）,实验组2的细胞集落数显著低于实验组1（P<0.001）。实验组1的P-gp、GOLPH3、pERK1/2蛋白表达量显著高于实验组2（P<0.01）;实验组3的P-gp蛋白表达量较实验组1显著降低（P<0.01）。结论：沉默GOLPH3基因可通过抑制丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/细胞外信号调节激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase,MAPK/ERK）信号通路逆转HT29结肠癌细胞对顺铂化疗的耐药性。     

苹果多酚通过激活AMPK/SIRT1信号通路对LPS诱导的肺上皮细胞自噬反应的影响

目的:探讨苹果多酚通过调节腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶/沉默信息调节因子1（AMP-activated protein kinase/Sirtuin1,AMPK/SIRT1)信号通路对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）诱导的人肺泡上皮细胞（A549）自噬反应的影响。方法:使用不同浓度的苹果多酚提取物（apple polyphenol extract,APE）预处理A549细胞2 h后,LPS诱导A549细胞培养24 h,MTT法检测增殖活性,筛选APE最佳预处理浓度;将A549细胞分为对照组、LPS组（3 mg/L LPS）、LPS+APE组（3 mg/L LPS+20 μg/mL APE）、APE+Compound C组（3 mg/L LPS+20 μg/mL APE+50 μmol/L Compound C）,免疫荧光染色观察A549细胞自噬;流式细胞术检测A549细胞凋亡;Western blot法检测细胞中自噬相关蛋白及AMPK/SIRT1通路相关蛋白表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,经LPS诱导的A549细胞增殖活性、自噬水平、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin-1、SIRT1、p-ULK1/ULK1、p-AMPK/AMPK蛋白表达降低,p62蛋白表达及细胞凋亡率升高（P＜0.05）;与LPS组比较,LPS+APE组细胞增殖活性、自噬水平、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin-1、SIRT1、p-ULK1/ULK1、p-AMPK/AMPK蛋白表达水平显著升高,p62蛋白表达及细胞凋亡率显著降低（P＜0.05）;与LPS+APE组比较,APE+Compound C组A549细胞增殖活性、自噬水平、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin-1、SIRT1、p-ULK1/ULK1、p-AMPK/AMPK蛋白表达水平显著降低,p62蛋白表达及细胞凋亡率显著升高（P＜0.05）。结论:苹果多酚通过激活AMPK/SIRT1 信号通路提高LPS诱导的肺上皮细胞自噬,降低细胞凋亡。     

BNIP3 HIF-1α在食管鳞癌中的表达及其临床病理意义

  目的   初步探讨BCL-2/腺病毒E1B 19 kDa相关蛋白3(BCL2/adenovirus E1B19 kd-interacting protein3, BNIP3)和乏氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)在食管鳞癌(ESCC)中表达及其与临床病理之间的关系和意义。   方法   采用免疫组织化学S-P方法分别测定食管鳞癌组织和切端正常食管黏膜组织芯片的BNIP3、HIF-1α的表达水平。运用统计学方法对比分析BNIP3和HIF-1α在食管鳞癌组织和切端正常黏膜组织中的表达以及BNIP3和HIF-1α与肿瘤原发病灶部位、肿瘤浸润深度(T分期)、TNM分期、淋巴结转移(含淋巴侵犯)、肿瘤组织分化程度(分级)等临床病理特征之间的关系。   结果   BNIP3表达在细胞质中, HIF-1α表达在细胞核和细胞质中。食管鳞癌组织中BNIP3蛋白表达阳性率37.5%(27/72), 明显低于正常切端组织的60%(18/30)(P=0.037);HIF-1α蛋白表达阳性率52.7%(38/72), 明显高于正常切端组织的13.3%(4/30)(P < 0.001)。BNIP3蛋白表达与食管癌的肿瘤浸润深度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移相关(P=0.035、P=0.048、P=0.033)。HIF-1α蛋白表达亦与肿瘤浸润深度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移相关(P=0.023、P=0.004、P=0.002)。并且, BNIP3表达与HIF-α表达呈负相关(r=-0.274, P=0.020)。   结论   在食管鳞癌中, BNIP3与HIF-1α的表达密切相关, 且均与肿瘤的浸润深度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移密切相关。因此, 联合检测BNIP3和HIF-1α, 有助于食管鳞癌的辅助诊断、病期评价及预后判断。      

紧密连接蛋白Claudin-3与三阴性乳腺癌患者临床特征的相关性

目的:探讨紧密连接蛋白Claudin-3与三阴性乳腺癌患者临床特征的相关性。方法:自2012年3月至2017年3月,收集我院收治的三阴性乳腺癌患者108例,行乳腺癌根治术,术中取乳腺癌标本和癌旁标本,检测组织中紧密连接蛋白Claudin-3表达情况,分析紧密连接蛋白Claudin-3与患者临床病理参数的相关性。对患者随访1年,分析术后1年复发患者与不复发患者组织中紧密连接蛋白Claudin-3的差异。结果:乳腺癌组织和癌旁组织中紧密连接蛋白Claudin-3表达无统计学差异(P=0.331)。与紧密连接蛋白Claudin-3阴性的患者相比,紧密连接蛋白Claudin-3阳性的患者TNM分期为Ⅲ期的比例显著增高(52.46% vs 29.79%,P=0.018),淋巴结转移比例增高(55.74% vs 29.79%,P=0.007),术后复发率显著增高(26.23% vs 10.64%,P=0.042)。结论:紧密连接蛋白Claudin-3与淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关,对预测患者术后复发具有一定价值。     

胃癌组织中WISP1和Ki67的表达及其临床病理意义

目的:探讨胃癌组织中WISP1和Ki67蛋白的表达及其临床病理意义。方法:收集中国医科大学附属第一医院肿瘤外科手术切除的胃癌组织标本87例及其配对非癌（距癌灶边缘>5 cm取材）胃黏膜组织80例，采用免疫组织化学方法检测WISP1和Ki67蛋白在胃癌组织及其配对正常胃黏膜组织中的表达。结果:胃癌组织中WISP1的阳性表达率为81.61%（71/87），显著高于非癌胃黏膜组织阳性表达率12.50%（10/80）。WISP1蛋白表达，在低分化腺癌中的阳性表达较中（P=0.000）、高（P=0.032)分化管状腺癌显著增高，弥漫型胃癌显著高于肠型胃癌（P=0.000），在肿瘤直径>5 cm的胃癌组织中显著高于肿瘤直径≤5 cm的胃癌组织（P=0.010），在伴有淋巴结转移的胃原发灶癌组织中较无淋巴结转移组增高（P=0.025）。Ki67蛋白表达与进展期胃癌患者肿瘤浸润深度（P=0.043）和淋巴结转移（P=0.027）相关。WISP1阳性表达与Ki67表达呈正相关（rk=0.240，P=0.026）。结论:WISP1在胃癌组织中表达显著上调，联合检测胃癌组织中WISP1和Ki67蛋白的表达，可更好的预测淋巴结转移情况，为胃癌患者预后评价提供参考。     

Effect of safflower seeds supplementation on stimulation of the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells

Anti-bone resorption properties of the Korean herbal formulation, Gami-Honghwain (HJ), which comprises Carthamus tinctorius L. seed and hominis placenta, were investigated. We demonstrate that the production of PGE2 is inhibited by 20-100 microg/ml HJ in nontransformed osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1 cells), indicating that HJ inhibits PGE2 production. The effect of HJ on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 was also studied. HJ dose-dependently increased DNA synthesis (significant at 20-100 microg/ml), and increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and prolyl hydroxylase activities of MC3T3-E1 cells (20-100 microg/ml), while anti-estrogen tamoxifen eliminated the stimulation of proliferation and ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 which was induced by HJ. These results indicate that HJ directly stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Also, when we assessed the effects of HJ on osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1, HJ enhanced ALP activity and mineralization in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. This stimulatory effect of the HJ was observed at relatively low doses (significant at 20-100 microg/ml and maximal at 100 microg/ml). Northern blot analysis showed that the HJ (60 microg/ml) increased in bone morphogenetic protein-2 as well as ALP mRNA concentrations in MC3T3-E1 cells. HJ (100 microg/ml) slightly increased in type I collagen mRNA abundance throughout the culture period, whereas it markedly inhibited the gene expression of collagenase-1 between days 15 and 20 of culture. These results indicate that HJ has anabolic effect on bone through the promotion of osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting that it could be used for the treatment of common metabolic bone diseases.     

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine Shu-Mai-Tang on attenuating TNFalpha-induced myocardial fibrosis in myocardial ischemia rats

Shu-Mai-Tang (SMT) is a traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of ischemic heart disease. The effect of SMT on inflammation-induced myocardial fibrosis, left ventricular (LV) remodeling, and the potential mechanism in myocardial ischemia (MI) rats were investigated. Rats with ligated left anterior descending coronary artery (MI model) were randomly divided into three groups (SMTL, SMTH, and MIR). A group undergoing Sham operation (Sham; n=16) was also included. SMT (342 or 1710 mg/kg for SMTL or SMTH groups, respectively) was orally administered daily for 1 and 6 weeks. Cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) concentration, the cardiac expressions of phosphorylated p38 MAPK and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TNFalpha were examined by echocardiography, histological staining, radioimmunoassay, western blot, respectively. In the present study, significant reduced myocardial fibrosis, as well as decreased phospho-p38 MAPK, TIMP-1, and TNFalpha proteins, and serum TNFalpha level, accompanied by improved cardiac function in the SMT-treated rats in a dose-dependent manner as compared with the MIR. These results suggested that SMT could anti-inflammation-induced myocardial fibrosis and reverse LV remodeling in MI rats, and the mechanism may be related to the effect of SMT on inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling pathway.     

Anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract and two biflavonoids from Garcinia gardneriana leaves in mouse paw oedema

Garcinia gardneriana (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae) is widely distributed in Brazil and used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, pain, and urinary tract and other infections. However, very few studies have analyzed these therapeutic effects. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts from Garcinia gardneriana (HEGG) and some of its isolated biflavonoids were evaluated. The results showed that HEGG from the leaves, bark and seeds reduced carrageenan-induced mouse paw inflammation, in addition to diminishing the myeloperoxidase activity in the stimulated tissues. The reduction of neutrophil infiltration by treatment with the HEGG from leaves was confirmed by histology. The leaf extract also reduced the paw oedema evoked by bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandin E2 and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate. However, it partially decreased substance P and compound 48/80-caused paw oedema, without any influence on the arachidonic acid-induced oedema. Both of the isolated compounds, fukugetin and GB-2a, prevented the carrageenan-induced paw oedema. In conclusion, this study showed important anti-inflammatory effects of HEGG through its interaction with different intracellular signaling pathways, without interfering with the formation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites. These characteristics, in addition to the wide distribution and culturing ease of the plant, confirm its popular use and highlight its promise in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.     

A novel function of bamboo extract in relieving lipotoxicity

Lipotoxicity is closely related to the etiology and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the protective effect of an extract from bamboo Phyllostachys edulis against palmitic acid (PA)-induced lipoapoptosis. The lipo-detoxification function of the bamboo extract (BEX) was evaluated using cell culture models. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and cell apoptosis was monitored by Annexin V staining. Cellular uptake of fluorescent free fatty acid (FFA) analog was measured by flow cytometry. Protein levels of total protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) were measured by western blotting. The results show that co-incubating BEX with mouse myoblast C2C12 cells had no effect on the cellular uptake of FFA, but dramatically decreased PA-induced cell apoptosis and protected cell viability. A similar antilipotoxicity effect of BEX was observed in other mammalian cells. BEX significantly decreased the protein levels of both Akt and p-Akt in C2C12 cells under normal cell culture conditions but not under lipotoxic conditions, indicating the regulatory effect of BEX on cell signaling pathways and its response to a high FFA environment. This study demonstrated a novel function of bamboo extract in preventing lipotoxicity in mammalian cells, implicating a promising phytotherapeutic approach for lipo-detoxification.