短缩-延长肢体治疗胫骨骨缺损合并软组织缺损

目的探索单纯使用Orthofix重建外固定架通过短缩一延长肢体治疗胫骨骨缺损合并软组织缺损的可行性。方法2001年7月～2006年7月收治胫骨骨缺损合并软组织缺损患者39例，其中37例为胫骨感染性骨折不愈合，2例为胫骨开放性骨折（GustiloⅢB型1例，Gustilo ⅢC型1例）。在患肢上安放Orthofix重建外固定架。清创术后小腿胫前内侧软组织平均缺损12cm（6～24cm），胫骨骨缺损平均9cm（4～22cm）。对胫骨骨缺损〈5cm的患者使用一期清创．腓骨截骨．胫骨缺损端加压。对22例胫骨缺损〉5cm的患者采用清创，腓骨截骨．短缩肢体〈5cm。对炎症局限、胫骨截骨部皮肤正常而且远离伤口的患者同期行胫骨截骨术，否则于1．0～1．5个月后二期行胫骨截骨术延长恢复肢体的长度。结果所有患者平均随访14个月（10～44个月）。骨缺损均得以重建，患肢肢体长度与健侧之差小于5mm，骨折愈合，无感染复发，创面均闭合。1例术后出现腓总神经麻痹，术后2个月恢复。4例胫骨缺损患者诉膝部疼痛。5例胫骨蠓损患者出现马蹄内翻足。2例胫骨缺损出现下胫腓分离。1例再骨折。结论使用Orthofix重建外固定架进行短缩．延长肢体是治疗胫骨骨缺损合并软组织缺损的有效方法，但应谨慎使用。对于软组织缺损少的小腿一期短缩的安全限度为3cm，最终短缩6cm。对于软组织缺损较大的急性胫骨开放骨折小腿一期可以短缩9cm。     

外固定架在跟骨关节内骨折治疗中的作用

目的探讨外固定架在跟骨关节内骨折治疗中的作用。方法1996年9月～2005年9月间收治69例跟骨关节内骨折患者，根据治疗方法将其分为两组，外固定架组（31例）在术中应用外固定架进行辅助显露复位或辅助固定，对照组（38例）未用该方法。骨折分型采用Sanders关节内骨折的CT分型，其中Ⅱ型骨折19例（外固定架组9例，对照组10例），Ⅲ型骨折29例（外固定架组12例，对照组17例），Ⅳ型骨折21例（外固定架组10例，对照组11例）。功能结果采用Maryland评分标准评定。结果平均随访时间61个月（16～102个月）。Maryland评分结果：Ⅱ型骨折得分两组之间差异无统计学意义（P=0．760）；Ⅲ型骨折得分两组差异有统计学意义（P=0．042）；Ⅳ型骨折得分两组差异有统计学意义（P=0．037）。外固定架组临床评分总体优于对照组（P=0．015）。并发症包括皮肤坏死、感染、创伤性关节炎等。外固定架组皮肤坏死及创伤性关节炎发生显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P=0．030．0．028）。结论外固定架辅助显露可降低皮肤坏死并发症，辅助韧带整复作用以及微创固定方式可提高Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型骨折复位质量而减少术后创伤性关节炎的发生，有利于足部功能恢复。     

锁骨钩钢板联合带线锚钉治疗TossyⅢ型陈旧性肩锁关节脱位

目的：观察锁骨钩钢板联合带线锚钉治疗TossyⅢ型陈旧性肩锁关节脱位的临床疗效。方法：自2008年1月至2012年12月,采用锁骨钩钢板联合带线锚钉治疗TossyⅢ型陈旧性肩锁关节脱位患者18例,其中男12例,女6例;年龄20～56岁,平均31．5岁;左侧10例,右侧8例。手术时间在伤后3周～4个月,平均1．8个月。术后2周开始功能锻练,对患者进行跟踪随访,按Karlsson评价标准评定疗效。结果：18例均获随访,时间6-24个月,平均16个月。按照Kaflsson标准评定疗效,优良17例,差1例。结论：采用锁骨钩钢板联合带线锚钉治疗TossyIY型陈旧肩锁关节脱位,通过带线锚钉精确修复了锥状韧带和斜方韧带,同时操作方便,创伤小,固定牢固,临床效果满意。     

腰髂联合外支架固定对骨盆前环伴经骶骨Denis-II骨折的治疗

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨腰髂固定联合外固定支架对经骶骨骨折骨盆前后环损伤的手术治疗方法和疗效。方法〓采用后路切开复位腰髂固定联合前路外固定支架治疗经骶骨骨折骨盆前后环损伤病人11例,骨盆骨折tile分型均为Tile-C型,C1型8例,C2型2例,C3型1例。经骶骨骨折Denis分型Ⅱ型。结果〓随访时间11~64月,平均36.4月。均获骨性愈合,Majeed评分平均84分。优6例,良4例,优良率90.9%。术后切口感染1例,外固定架钉道感染1例,清创拆除支架换药后愈合。结论〓腰髂固定联合外固定支架可有效稳定骨盆环,手术创伤小,效果可靠。是治疗经骶骨骨折骨盆前后环损伤的可靠方法。     

胫腓骨远端骨折应用环形外固定架治疗分析

目的：探讨应用环形外固定架治疗胫腓骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法将我院骨科在2012年6月～2013年6月收治的104例胫腓骨远端骨折患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各52例,观察组采用环形外固定架治疗,对照组采用单臂外固定技术进行治疗,观察两组治疗效果。结果经治疗,观察组治疗优良率为94.3%,对照组治疗优良率为80.3%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论对胫骨远端骨折患者,采用环形外固定架进行治疗,可有效降低软组织损伤、促进骨折复位闭合、减少感染风险,也可免除因取出内固定物所带来的痛苦,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Critical review of pelvic fractures associated with external iliac artery lesion: A series of six cases

Introduction

Bleeding associated with pelvic fracture mostly comes from the pre-sacral and lumbar venous plexus, or directly from the fracture site. Bleeding as a consequence of arterial lesion is less common (15–20%), and that resulting from lesion of the external iliac artery (EIA) is extremely rare. The mortality rate associated with iliac artery injury ranges from 38% to 72%. Total body CT-scan with contrast medium, angiography or packing can be performed when there is arterial injury. In some cases, embolisation can stop bleeding; however, when there is involvement of the aorta, common iliac artery or EIA, immediate surgery is mandatory. The aim of this study was to report our experience of pelvic fractures associated with EIA lesion.

Materials and methods

Six patients with pelvic fracture and associated rupture of the EIA have been observed at our unit from 2004 to 2009. According to Tile classification there were three cases of type C and two cases of type B fracture. One case was a two-column acetabular fracture. Angiography was performed in all cases.

Results

Three patients died on the day of trauma: two after angiography, and one after surgery of vascular repair. Three patients survived: two underwent a hemipelvectomy, and one underwent hip disarticulation.

Discussion

Haemodynamic instability in patients with pelvic ring fracture is usually because of venous bleeding from the pre-sacral and lumbar plexus, or from the fracture site. Arterial injury is present in around 20% of cases. EIA lesions require immediate surgical treatment to restore blood flow. Depending on the type of injury, vascular surgery can be associated with pelvic fracture stabilisation.

Conclusions

Pelvic ring fracture associated with an EIA lesion is extremely rare, with few cases reported in the literature. Angiography is used for diagnosis, and immediate surgical treatment is required to restore blood flow. Associated injuries and open fracture can lead to fatal complications or amputation. Rates of mortality and severe disability are extremely high.     

Outcome of rail fixator system in reconstructing bone gap

Background:

Bone loss following open fracture or infected gap nonunion is a difficult situation to manage. There are many modes of treatment such as bone grafting, vascularized bone grafting and bone transport by illizarov and monolateral fixator. We evaluated the outcome of rail fixator treatment in reconstructing bone and limb function. We felt that due to problems such as heavy apparatus, persistent pain, deformity of joints and discomfort caused by an Ilizarov ring fixator, rail fixator is a good alternative to treat bone gaps.

Materials and Methods:

20 patients (17 males and 3 females with mean age 30.5 years) who suffered bone loss due to open fracture and chronic osteomyelitis leading to infected gap nonunion. Ten patients suffered an open fracture (Gustilo type II and type III) and 10 patients suffered bone gap following excision of necrotic bone after infected nonunion. There were 19 cases of tibia and one case of humerus. All patients were treated with debridement and stabilization of fracture with a rail fixator. Further treatment involved reconstructing bone defect by corticotomy at an appropriate level and distraction by rail fixator.

Result:

We achieved union in all cases. The average bone gap reconstructed was 7.72 cm (range 3.5-15.5 cm) in 9 months (range 6-14 months). Normal range of motion in nearby joint was achieved in 80% cases. We had excellent to good limb function in 85% of cases as per the association for the study and application of the method of ilizarov scoring system[ASAMI] score.

Conclusion:

All patients well tolerated rail fixator with good functional results and gap reconstruction. Easy application of rail fixator and comfortable distraction procedure suggest rail fixator a good alternative for gap reconstruction of limbs.     

Use of external fixation for perilunate dislocations and fracture dislocations

The purpose of this study was to review clinical and radiographic outcomes of perilunate dislocations and fracture dislocations treated with external fixation and K-wire fixation. Twenty patients (18 males and two females) with a mean age of 38 years (range 18–59) who had an acute dorsal perilunate dislocation or fracture dislocation were treated with the use of wrist external fixator and K-wires. The injuries included 12 perilunate dislocations, seven trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture dislocations, and one trans-styloid perilunate fracture dislocation. The median time from trauma to operation was 8 h (2–12 h). Indirect reduction via ligamentotaxis was achieved in all perilunate dislocation, and provisional K-wire fixation was added. In five of seven trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture dislocations, indirect reduction was achieved; whereas in the other two as well as in the case of trans-styloid perilunate fracture dislocation, open reduction was required. External fixator was supplemented with K-wires for stabilization of the fractures and the intercarpal intervals. The interosseous and capsular ligaments were not repaired, even after open reduction of fracture dislocations. The mean follow-up was 39 months (range 18–68 months). Range of motion and grip strength were measured. Cooney’s scoring system was used for the assessment of clinical function. Radiographic evaluation included time to scaphoid union, measurement of radiographic parameters (scapholunate gap, scapholunate angle, lunotriquetral gap, and carpal height ratio) and any development of arthritis. The flexion-extension motion arc and grip strength of the injured wrist averaged 80 and 88%, respectively, of the corresponding values for the contralateral wrists. According to Cooney’s clinical scoring system, overall functional outcomes were rated as excellent in four patients, good in eight, fair in six, and poor in two. Eighteen patients returned to their former occupations. Two patients with a trans-scaphoid perilunate injury developed nonunion of the scaphoid; one of them required scaphoid excision and midcarpal fusion. Two patients had radiographic evidence of arthritis. The use of external fixation and provisional K-wire fixation for the treatment of acute perilunate dislocations is associated with satisfactory midterm functional and radiographic outcomes. This minimally invasive treatment option is simple, reliable, and minimally invasive method that provides proper restoration and stable fixation of carpal alignment.     

Comparison of treatment of fracture midshaft clavicle in adults by external fixator with conservative treatment

PurposeHigh rate of malunion and non union in displaced fracture clavicle treated conservatively lead to use of different types of internal fixation methods which also were found to be associated with various complications. Moreover their superiority over conservative treatment has not been established. This study was designed to compare clinical outcome of conservative treatment with external fixator in cases with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.MethodsFifty adult consenting cases of acute midshaft fracture clavicle, displaced >15 mm were included. Twenty five cases were allotted to conservative (group A) and external fixator (group B) each. In group A treatment was given in form of clavicle brace. In group B schanz pins were inserted obliquely between supero-inferior and anterior-posterior direction and connected with rod. The outcome was measured by Constant score, union time and complications.ResultsMean radiographic union time in group A was 23.45 ± 1.40 weeks (with 8% non union and 80% malunion) and in group B it was 9.36 ± 1.49 weeks. Mean Constant score at 6 months in group A was 78.28 ± 6.45 and in group B 92.72 ± 1.48. Mean shortening at 6 months in group A was 19.36 mm. In group B shortening at 6 months was noticed in three cases (6, 5, 6 mm).ConclusionClose reduction of acute fracture mid clavicle and application of external fixator is a simple procedure providing the benefits of rigid fixation and undisturbed fracture environment. Pain relief is faster, union time is shorter and there are no hardware related problems.     

锁定钢板外固定治疗胫骨中下段骨折

目的：探讨锁定钢板外固定治疗胫骨中下段骨折的临床疗效。方法：自2010年1月至2013年1月,采用锁定钢板外固定治疗18例胫骨中下段骨折患者,其中男11例,女7例;年龄13~80岁,平均53.5岁;病程2 h~3 d。骨折按AO分型：A型4例,B型11例,C型3例。开放骨折6例（Gustilo分型：Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型3例,Ⅲ型1例）,闭合骨折12例。观察患者的手术时间、术后并发症情况,并采用Johner-Wruhs评价标准对术后疗效进行评价。结果：18例患者获随访,时间6~15个月,平均11个月。2例发生局部皮肤坏死（其中1例骨外露）,2例骨折延迟愈合（均为开放性骨折）,1例钉道感染,均无螺钉松动及折断发生。按Johner-Wruhs评价标准,优10例,良6例,可2例。结论：锁定钢板外固定是治疗胫骨中下段骨折的有效方法之一,具有手术损伤小、手术时间短、术后并发症少、功能恢复好的优点。