Insecticidal Activities of the Leaf Oils of Eight Cinnamomum. species Against Aedes aegypti. and Aedes albopictus.

Abstract

The leaf oils of eight Cinnamomum. species (C. rhyncophyllum. Miq., C. microphyllum. Ridl., C. pubescens. Kochummen, C. mollissimum. Hook. f., C. impressicostatum. Kosterm, C. scortechinii. Gamb., C. sintoc. Bl., and C. cordatum. Kosterm) were investigated for their larvicidal and adulticidal activities against Aedes aegypti. (Aedes aegypti Lynn) and Aedes albopictus. (Aedes albopictus Skuse). Acute mortalities of the fourth instar larvae and the adult mosquitoes were determined according to the standard WHO methods. Among the essential oils studied, the leaf oils of C. rhyncophyllum., C. microphyllum., C. pubescens., C. mollissimum., and C. impressicostatum. showed significant effects against the larvae of Ae. aegypti. and Ae. albopictus. with concentrations that caused 50% mortality (LC₅₀) values of less than 12.8 and 11.8 µg ml^?1, respectively. The essential oils that showed strong larvicidal effects also demonstrated relatively strong adulticidal effects on the mosquitoes after 3 h exposure with LC₅₀ values ranging from 133.0 to 243.0 µg ml^?1 against Ae. aegypti. and from 118.0 to 194.0 µg ml^?1 against Ae. albopictus.. The efficacy of the oils toward the larvae and adult mosquitoes of both species was nonselective as the LC₅₀ values showed little variation. The chemical composition of the oils was investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study suggested that the essential oils containing high levels of benzyl benzoate and benzyl salicylate exhibited strong insecticidal activities against the larvae and adult mosquitoes.     

Plasma acyl-carnitines,bilirubin, tyramine and tetrahydro-21-deoxycortisol in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. A case control biomarker study

Background and purposeGiven the overlapping clinical manifestations and pathology, the differentiation between essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is difficult. Our aims were to examine the plasma metabolomics profiling and their association with motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS) in patients with PD, and to determine differences between de novo PD compared to moderate-advanced PD vs. controls and patients with ET.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from 137 subjects including 35 age matched controls, 29 NOVO-PD, 35 PD and 38 ET patients. PD severity, motor and NMS including cognitive function were assessed using the UPDRS, NMS and PD cognitive rating scales, respectively. Metabolomics analysis was performed by UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS followed by unsupervised multivariate statistics. The area under the curve of the biomarkers according to distribution of their concentrations and the diagnosis of PD (NOVO-PD, advanced PD) vs ET and healthy controls was used as a measurement of diagnostic ability.ResultsSeveral acyl-carnitines, bilirubin, tyramine and tetrahydro-21-deoxycortisol (THS) presented good predictive accuracy (AUC higher than 0.8) for differentiating de novo PD and advanced PD from controls and ET, suggesting an alteration in the lipid oxidation pathway. In multivariate regression analysis, metabolite levels were not significantly associated with motor and NMS severity in PD.ConclusionsDiverse acyl-carnitines, bilirubin, tyramine and some adrenal gland derived metabolites are suggested as potential biomarkers able to distinguish between PD from controls and ET.     

Identification of biomarkers for essential hypertension based on metabolomics

AimEssential hypertension (EH) is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of EH is unclear and early diagnostic methods are lacking. Metabolomics demonstrates great potential for biomarker discovery and the mechanistic exploration of metabolic diseases.Data synthesisThis review included human and animal metabolomics studies related to EH in the PubMed and Web of Science databases between February 1996 and May 2020. The study designs, EH standards, and reported metabolic biomarkers were systematically examined and compared. The pathway analysis was conducted through the online software MetaboAnalyst 4.0.Twenty-two human studies and fifteen animal studies were included in this systematic review. There were many frequently reported biomarkers with consistent trends (e.g., pyruvate, lactic acid, valine, and tryptophan) in human and animal studies, and thus had potential as biomarkers of EH. In addition, several shared metabolic pathways, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and arginine biosynthesis, were identified in human and animal metabolomics studies. These biomarkers and pathways, closely related to insulin resistance, the inflammatory state, and impaired nitric oxide production, were demonstrated to contribute to EH development.ConclusionsThis study summarized valuable metabolic biomarkers and pathways that could offer opportunities for the early diagnosis or prediction of EH and the discovery of the metabolic mechanisms of EH.     

中药辨证治疗原发性高血压病临床研究

目的:研究原发性高血压的中药辨证疗效。方法:对2011年1～6月收治的91例原发性高血压病例采取西药治疗(西药组),对2011年7～12月收治的96例原发性高血压病例选择中药辨证治疗(中药组),统计各组有效(改善、好转)病例占比,分析所用药物引起的不适症状。结果:中药组较西药组的有效病例占比大(P0.05),有统计差异;中药组较西药组因药物引起不适症状的病例少(P0.05),有统计差异。结论:针对原发性高血压病患可优先考虑选择中药辨证治疗。     

Introduction

The effects of various avocado oils on collagen metabolism in skin were studied in growing rats fed diets containing 10% (w/w) of the tested oils. Rats fed the unrefined avocado oil extracted with hexane from the intact fruit, its unsaponifiables or the avocado seed oil, showed significant increases in soluble collagen content in skin, though total collagen content was not affected. The increased soluble collagen content appears to be a consequence of the inhibition of lysyl oxidase activity. The active factor was found to be present in the unrefined avocado oil and probably originated from the avocado seed, since collagen metabolism was affected only by fractions which contained lipids fraction from the seed. In comparison rats fed the refined or unrefined soybean oils showed no effects.     

Mentha spicata as natural analgesia for treatment of pain in osteoarthritis patients

Osteoarthritis, as the major cause of chronic musculoskeletal pain, impacts people aged 45 and above. The first line analgesic treatments have reported minimal short term effects. The use of essential oils as pain killer has increased, recently. Mentha spicata, or spearmint essential oil is famous due to its anti-flatulence effects, but one less known biological activity of spearmint is its analgesic activity. The aim of our study was to confirm the analgesic effects of M. spicata essential oil. In this review, we evaluated the articles on analgesic activities of M. spicata essential oil from different relevant databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, Taylor & Francis, and Springer) without limitation up to April 30, 2016. Different animal studies have reported the analgesic effects of M. spicata essential oil and its main abundant compounds such as carvone, limonene and menthol, also, the efficacy and safety of spearmint oil in reducing of pain severity were confirmed in osteoarthritis patients. In spite of the beneficial effects of spearmint oil in reducing of pain, other large clinical trials are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of M. spicata oil.     

我院2011-2012年住院患者基本药物使用情况分析

目的:促进基本药物在临床的合理使用。方法:从我院信息管理(HIS)系统中调取2011-2012年住院患者的药品使用数据,对其中的基本药物使用情况进行统计、分析,并计算用药频度(DDDs)和日均费用(DDC)。结果:2011-2012年,我院住院患者使用的基本药物金额分别占全院住院患者用药总金额的15.74%和14.56%。使用金额排序前10位的基本药物类别中,调节水、电解质及酸碱平衡药、心血管系统用药和消化系统用药连续两年均排名靠前。而基本药物品种排名中,化学药品与生物制品类以氯化钠注射液为首,中成药类以红花黄色素注射液为首。DDDs排名靠前的化学药品类基本药物有维生素C、多烯磷脂酰胆碱、非洛地平缓释片等,但其DDC较低;而中成药类基本药物中,红花黄色素注射液的DDDs和DDC均排在首位。结论:基本药物在我院住院患者中的使用总体符合云南省的要求,但其应用水平尤其是中成药类基本药物还有待进一步提高。     

观察降压丸治疗高血压的临床疗效

目的：探讨降压心丸治疗高血压的临床疗效。方法：选取我院2007年6～2011年6月60例原发性患者，随机分为研究组和对照组．研究组患者30例使用降压丸进行治疗，对照组30例患者使用西药联合治疗，对比分析两组患者的治疗效果。结果：降压丸治疗原发性高血压效果更明显，总有效率达到93．33％。结论：降压丸对于治疗脑梗死、高血压等疾病的并发症治疗效果也非常明显，有较好的临床推广价值。