下咽及颈段食管癌的外科治疗

目的探讨下咽及颈段食管癌的外科治疗途径。方法分析１９８０年以来７６例下咽及颈段食管癌的外科治疗,其中位于下咽者３１例,颈段食管者４５例。结果下咽癌的切除率为９８６％（３０／３１）,食管重建包括口底食管吻合３例;咽、喉及颈段食管切除后用颈阔肌皮瓣重建１２例、游离空肠间插３例,全咽、全喉、全食管切除后用胃重建１２例。颈段食管癌的切除率为９１％（４１／４５）,除１例外均采用非开胸食管切除后用胃重建食管。术后并发症的发生率在用胃重建的５２例为３６５％（包括１例术后死于心力衰竭）,游离空肠者３３３％,颈阔肌皮瓣重建者为１６７％。随访２～１０８个月（平均５６５个月）,下咽癌的１、３、５年生存率分别为７９３％、６０％和３１６％,颈段食管分别为６８３％、９５％和０。结论下咽及颈段食管癌的切除率甚高,但下咽癌的远期疗效明显优于颈段食管癌。咽、喉及颈段食管切除后采用颈阔肌皮瓣重建是一种安全、有效的手术方法,并发症少,远期效果优良。     

食管癌,贲门癌手术入路的探讨

为了评估食管癌，贲门癌各种手术入路的优缺点，我们总结食管贲门癌手术２１２０例，其中病变位于食管颈，胸上，中，下段及贲门者分别为２６，２８０，９３６，４０８，４７０例，经左后外侧剖胸，包括左胸，左颈两切口者１９９５例，并发症６．６％（１３３／１９５５）；经右胸－腹正中－颈三切口者５８例，并发症２４．１％，（１４／５８）颈腹二切口者２０例；胸腹联合切口者３９例，并发症７．６％（３／３９）；经上腹正中切     

不同调强方式在胸中上段食管癌放疗中的剂量学研究

目的 对胸中上段食管癌患者进行静态调强（IMRT）和容积旋转调强（VMAT）两种放疗方式的剂量学对比研究。方法 对20例IMRT治疗的食管癌患者行VMAT（单弧和双弧）计划的重新设计。在单弧的VMAT计划中,对其中5例患者行不同子野间隔（4°、3°、2°）以及不同计划系统（Monaco和MasterPlan）的计划设计。比较靶区和危及器官（OAR）的剂量学差异及治疗参数。结果 双弧VMAT计划各项靶区剂量学参数明显好于IMRT计划和单弧VMAT计划（P<0.05）,靶区均匀性（HI）（P<0.05）和适形度（CI）（P<0.05）最好。危及器官参数VMAT可在一定程度上降低OAR的受照剂量,但是IMRT对肺组织和正常组织（E-P）的低剂量保护要优于VMAT（P<0.05）;不同子野间隔的VMAT计划中,2°相对于3°和4°其OAR的受照剂量是减小的（P<0.05）,除了心脏的D_mean;不同计划系统设计的VMAT计划,以Monaco对OAR的保护为最优（P<0.05）;VMAT的机器跳数少于IMRT,而且有效节省了治疗时间。 结论 VMAT方式相对于IMRT能够实现更好的靶区覆盖、均匀性和适形度,同时能降低脊髓、肺组织、心脏和E-P的受照剂量;对于VMAT来说,双弧技术、小子野角度间隔能够进一步地改善靶区和OAR的受照剂量;此外,在物理参数和优化参数一致的前提下,Monaco可以更好地保护OAR。     

氯喹对食管癌细胞系放射增敏的实验研究

目的 探讨氯喹对食管癌TE-1细胞系的放射增敏作用及其主要机制.方法 采用MTT法检测不同浓度氯喹对TE-1细胞的生长抑制作用.分别用单纯照射或照射前联合氯喹、照射后联合氯喹作用于TE-1细胞,作用6 h后用Western blot测定自噬相关蛋白LC3和Beclin1的表达,用Lyso-Tracker Red DND-99/Hochest 33258进行荧光染色,并用荧光显微镜观察细胞内酸性囊泡(AVOs)的变化.克隆形成实验分析细胞增殖的改变,拟合剂量-生存曲线并计算放射增敏参数.结果 氯喹对TE-1细胞的生长抑制作用呈浓度依赖性.辐射显著诱导TE-1细胞LC3和Beclin1的表达,并促进LC3-Ⅰ转换为LC3-Ⅱ.与单纯照射及照射前加药相比,照射后加药显著降低TE-1细胞内AVOs的荧光强度(F=16.44, P<0.05)和克隆形成率,照射前加药和照射后加药的SER_D0分别为1.037和1.439(t=8.30, P<0.05).结论 氯喹能增加食管鳞癌TE-1细胞的放射敏感性,其机制可能与抑制自噬作用相关.     

介入血管栓塞联合内镜注射硬化治疗食管胃底静脉曲张

【摘要】目的：观察多种介入方法联合应用治疗食管胃底静脉曲张的临床效果。方法：25例食管胃底静脉曲张患者,分别行经皮肝穿冠状静脉栓塞（PTVE）和球囊阻断静脉逆行硬化闭塞胃静脉曲张（BRTO）,并发脾功能亢进者,同时行部分脾动脉栓塞（PSE）。术后对有残留食管静脉曲张的病例行内镜硬化剂注射治疗（EIS）。全部治疗完成后常规临床观察,并定期复查胃镜和CT增强扫描。结果：25例患者,7例行PTVE+PSE; 11例行BRTO,6例行BRTO+PSE,1例BRTO手术失败;术后11例患者接受内镜注射治疗一次,4例患者接受二次注射治疗。3例患者死亡,其中1例于术后2月死于再发出血。结论：多种介入方法联合应用,具有可靠的预防上消化道出血的效果。     

Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Transhiatal Esophagectomy Using the Dexterity Pneumo Sleeve

Background:

As the use of laparoscopic techniques have expanded to more complicated procedures, limitations of laparoscopy have begun to be realized. To help regain the ability to palpate and bluntly dissect tissues, and handle larger organs, surgeons have begun to utilize devices which allow the surgeon''s hand to be inserted into the abdomen during laparoscopic procedures. One such device is the Dexterity Pneumo Sleeve, which was used here to perform transhiatal esophagectomy in two patients.

Methods:

Two patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy. The stomach mobilization was carried out using laparoscopic technique facilitated by the use of the surgeon''s hand. Blunt dissection of the esophagus through the hiatus was then carried out. Dissection of the proximal esophagus and creation of a cervical esophagogastric anastomosis was then performed in the neck through a cervical incision.

Results:

The Pneumo Sleeve proved useful for handling the stomach, as well as, blunt dissection of the esophagus while still maintaining the benefits of laparoscopy, including small incisions, and no postoperative ileus.

Conclusion:

Hand-assisted laparoscopic esophagectomy can be carried out with good, early, postoperative recovery.     

热休克蛋白70在人食管癌EC9706细胞凋亡过程中的表达与定位变化

目的 探讨姜黄素对人食管癌EC9706细胞凋亡的诱导作用,热休克蛋白70(HSP70)在肿瘤细胞凋亡过程中在核基质上的变化及其与凋亡调控相关蛋白的关系.方法 用细胞计数和流式细胞仪检测姜黄素对人食管癌EC9706细胞的增殖抑制作用,以光学显微镜和透射电镜观察姜黄素诱导人食管癌EC9706细胞凋亡前后的细胞结构变化,琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察人食管癌EC9706细胞凋亡前后的DNA结构变化.双向凝胶电泳和质谱鉴定分析HSP70在核基质中的存在与变化;并以Western blotting进行确证;激光扫描共焦显微镜观察HSP70在EC9706细胞凋亡过程中的定位及其与Bax、Bcl-2等基因产物的共定位关系.结果 姜黄素能显著抑制人食管癌EC9706细胞增殖并诱导人食管癌EC9706细胞凋亡,双向凝胶电泳、质谱鉴定和结果 发现并证实,HSP70在姜黄素处理前后的EC9706细胞核基质蛋白中的存在及其表达下调变化.激光扫描共焦显微镜观察结果 显示,HSP70在EC9706细胞凋亡过程中与Bax、Bcl-2等基因产物具有共定位关系,且其共定位区域发生了变化.结论 姜黄素对人食管癌EC9706细胞具有显著的凋亡诱导作用;HSP70作为一种新发现的核基质蛋白,在姜黄素诱导人食管癌EC9706凋亡过程中的表达与分布发生了显著变化.HSP70与凋亡相关基因的关系对EC9706细胞凋亡具有重要影响.     

Management of esophageal perforations: the value of aggressive surgical treatment

BACKGROUND: The treatment of esophageal perforation remains controversial, particularly in terms of the type of operative therapy. This report analyzed results of an aggressive treatment protocol. METHODS: Patients with esophageal perforations in a normal esophagus or those with a motor disorder were treated by operative closure. All defects were buttressed or closed by either muscle or pleura. Sternocleidomastoid muscle was used to buttress or primarily close the defects in the neck, and a flap of diaphragm was often used for thoracic perforation. Patients with perforated cancer or severe underlying disease had an esophagectomy. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients had operation: 50 underwent preservation of the esophagus after closure of the perforation and 14 underwent resection. The leak rate was 17%, but all healed. One patient treated with primary closure died (1.5% mortality); only 1 patient required subsequent esophagectomy. Thirteen of 14 patients treated with esophagectomy had an excellent result. CONCLUSION: The aggressive approach to esophageal perforations with attempt at uniform closure or resection of severe disease produced excellent results with reduced morbidity and low mortality.     

医源性膈疝MSCT多平面重组表现

目的 分析食管癌术后继发医源性膈疝(IDH)的MSCT多平面重组(MPR)表现,探讨其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年3月间食管癌术后继发IDH 16例.将其CT号随机混编入其他50例食管癌术后无食管裂孔(EH)扩大患者队列,由2名不知研究目的从事腹部影像诊断的高年资医师分别就横断位和MPR图像进行判断.对不同医师、不同方法判断结果及影像表现差异采用x2检验.结果 16例IDH中3例局限性于EH,横断位2例呈假“肠套叠”征,1例呈肠扭转表现;MPR直观显示肠管挤入EH顶压胸腔胃呈“壁贴壁征”.13例超出EH范围,横断位表现为胸腔内肠管于各方向汇聚于EH处胸腔胃,其中,前外、后外及前后外侧分别为9例、5例和2例,前外侧明显多于前后外侧(x2 =6.79,P＜0.05),2例并肠系膜扭转;MPR直观显示胸腔内管肠及其系膜血管通过EH与腹腔相应结构连通.由2名医师横断位提示IGH诊断分别为3例和4例,MPR全部提示IDH诊断,均显著高于横断位(x2=21.89,19.20,P值均＜0.05).结论 食管癌术后继发IDH横断位表现隐匿,仔细观察并及时辅以MPR,对诊断具有重要意义.     

h-prune Is an Independent Prognostic Marker for Survival in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background  The human homologue of Drosophila prune (PRUNE, which encodes h-prune) protein interacts with glycogen synthase kinase 3 and promotes cell motility. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of immunohistochemically detected h-prune expression on the survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods  Immunohistochemical staining of h-prune was performed for 205 surgically resected specimens of ESCC. Results  In total, 43 (21%) of 205 ESCC cases were positive for h-prune. h-prune-positive ESCC cases showed a more-advanced T stage (P < 0.0001), N stage (P < 0.0001), and tumor stage (P < 0.0001) than h-prune-negative ESCC cases. In the group of 116 stage II and III ESCC cases, recurrence of ESCC was frequently found in h-prune-positive cases. In patients with lung recurrence, the tumors were more likely to be h-prune positive than h-prune negative. Univariate analysis revealed that T stage (P < 0.0001), N stage (P < 0.0001), tumor stage (P < 0.0001), and h-prune staining (P < 0.0001) were significant prognostic factors for survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that N stage (P = 0.0182) and h-prune staining (P < 0.0001) were independent predictors for survival. Conclusions  These results indicate that immunostaining of h-prune is useful to identify patients at high risk for recurrence or poor prognosis associated with ESCC.