食管癌、贲门癌切除术后食管胃器械吻合术213例临床观察

目的：探讨器械吻合器在治疗食管癌、贲门癌中的临床价值。方法：通过回顾分析，将213例食管癌、贲门癌切除术行器械吻合器吻合作为观察组，将同期208例食管癌、贲门癌切除术行传统手工吻合作为对照组，并将两组进行比较分析，观察两组术后吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄及吻合口出血的发生率。结果：观察组中无吻合口瘘发生，发生率0．00％，对照组中有8例并发吻合口瘘，发生率3．85％，两组比较有统计学差异（P＜0．05）；观察组中仅有1例并发吻合口狭窄，发生率0．47％，对照组中有11例并发吻合口狭窄，发生率5．29％，两组比较有统计学差异（P＜0．01）；观察组中有1例并发吻合口出血，发生率0．47％，对照组2例吻合口出血，发生率0．96％，两组比较无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。结论：食管癌、贲门癌切除术应用器械吻合器进行食管胃听合术后吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生率低，吻合效果满意，临床应用价值乐观。     

犬食管导联和窦房结区及右心房电位同步记录的研究

目的探讨经食管导联信号平均无创性直接地记录窦房结电位(SNP)的技术。方法对8只犬进行了系列的实验研究,直接将双极电极放置于犬的食管导联、窦房结区和右房等部位进行同步记录与信号叠加同步记录;还对窦房结区、右房、左房等部位的局部电活动进行同步记录与观察;当交界心律出现时,再记录上述电位关系的改变。结果食管导联记录的P前波与窦房结区记录的电位同步,并超前于右心房的电位。结论采用信号平均叠加方法经食管导联所记录的P前波确为窦房结电位。     

经内镜注射组织粘合剂治疗胃底静脉曲张出血

目的评价组织粘合剂注射治疗胃底静脉曲张出血的临床疗效及不良反应。方法对内镜确诊的18例肝硬化合并胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的患者进行组织粘合剂注射治疗,观察止血成功率、早期再出血率、静脉曲张消退情况以及不良反应。结果急诊止血成功率为100％（5／5）,早期再出血率为0（0／18）;静脉曲张消退显效13例（72．22％）,有效3例（16．67％）,无效2例（11．11％）;3例出现术后低热,1例出现产碱假单胞菌败血症;11例注射部位出现糜烂,4例注射部位形成溃疡;1例术中出血。结论经内镜注射组织粘合剂治疗胃底静脉曲张出血是一种简便、安全、有效的方法。     

PTTG mRNA及其蛋白在食管鳞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨食管鳞癌组织中PTTG mRNA与蛋白的表达及其二者间的相互关系。研究它们的表达与肿瘤临床资料之间的联系。方法:采用原位杂交技术检测30例食管鳞癌及相应的癌旁组织中PTTGmRNA的表达,同时采用免疫组织化学SP法检测相应标本中PTTG蛋白的表达。结果:在食管鳞癌和相应的癌旁组织中PTTG mRNA表达的阳性率分别为66.7%(20/30),10%(3/30)。PTTG蛋白表达的阳性率分别为76.7%(23/30),16%(5/30)。食管鳞癌组远高于癌旁组,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。PTTG mRNA与蛋白在食管鳞癌组织的阳性表达具有一致性(P>0.05),其阳性率高低与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小无关,而与组织学分级、淋巴结转移、TNM分期有关。结论:PTTG基因的异常表达可能对食管鳞癌的发生和发展起重要作用,它可能为食管鳞癌的早期诊断和基因治疗提供新的靶点。     

Prognostic and incremental value of computed tomography-based radiomics from tumor and nodal regions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative radiomics and establish an integrated model for esophageal squamous cell cancer(ESCC).Methods: A total of 931 patients were retrospectively enrolled in this study(training cohort, n=624; validation cohort, n=307). Radiomics features were obtained by contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT) before esophagectomy. A radiomics index was set based on features of tumor and reginal lymph nodes by using the least absolute shri...     

Isolated sigmoid varicose vein rupture and hemorrhage: A case report

Rationale:Ectopic varices are the collateral circulation of portal vein located anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract other than the esophageal and gastric regions. Rupture of these varices often results in life-threatening hemorrhage. Management guidelines for ectopic variceal bleeds are not yet standardized because cases are rare and treatment approaches described in the literature vary considerably.Patient concerns:A 53-year-old woman with a 20-year history of chronic hepatitis C cirrhosis came to our hospital for treatment due to intermittent black stools for 4 days. After admission, the patient developed hemorrhagic shock, with hemodynamic instability.Diagnosis:Postoperative histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of sigmoid varicose veins.Intervention:Emergency colonoscopy showed that a varicose vein mass in the sigmoid colon wall 30 cm from the anus was ruptured and bleeding. Percutaneous transhepatic inferior mesenteric venography revealed the presence of a varicose mass of sigmoid colon veins. After embolization of the sigmoid varicose veins with spring coils, angiography showed that the hemorheology of the distal varicose vein mass was slow but not completely blocked. Three days after embolization, the patient had hematochezia again. Splenectomy and sigmoid colon resection were performed immediately.Outcomes:Follow-up computed tomography showed no residual varices were observed after sigmoid colon resection.Lessons:Ectopic varices, which are rare sequelae of portal hypertension, need to be taken seriously because bleeding from these varices can be catastrophic. We report a case of isolated sigmoid variceal rupture and hemorrhage due to portal hypertension in cirrhosis. The patient experienced failure of endoscopic hemostasis and sigmoid colon venous coil embolization. She was eventually successfully brought to hemostasis by surgery.     

食管癌外科中无瘤技术的应用评价(附300例分析)

目的探讨无瘤技术应用于食管癌外科以防止手术中癌细胞的医源性播散及局部种植的临床意义。方法总结300例行无瘤技术手术治疗的食管癌患者1、3年生存率、局部复发及远处转移率。结果本组患者1、3年生存率为85.33%和64.00%,局部复发和远处转移率分别为0.67%和7.71%(1年),2.01%和20.80%(3年)。结论无瘤技术应用于食管癌手术可防止术中癌细胞的医源性播散及局部种植,对提高患者术后生存率、降低局部复发、远处转移率有益。     

手术联合术前放化疗治疗食管鳞癌

目的 观察术前放化疗对中晚期食管鳞癌(ESCC)患者病理分期和预后的影响.方法 1997年至2007年,477例晚期食管鳞癌随机分为4组:术前化疗组、术前放疗组、术前放化疗组及单纯手术组(对照组),对比各组切除率、病理分期、相关并发症及生存率.结果 术前放疗组及术前放化疗组与对照组对比,根治性切除率提高(P＜0.05),且术后病理分期显著降期(50.8%、54.2%比0%,P＜0.05),而术前化疗组与对照组对比,切除率及病理分期均无显著改善.各组新辅助疗法相关并发症与对照组对比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).3年生存率术前放疗组、术前放化疗组及对照组分别为69.5%、72.9%、53.4%,对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术前放疗组、术前放化疗组与对照组5年生存率对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),放化疗组高于放疗组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 合理应用术前放化疗可有效提高中晚期食管鳞癌患者的根治性切除率及生存率.     

术前放化疗并手术治疗局部晚期食管癌

目的 评价术前放化疗并手术治疗局部晚期食管癌的疗效.方法 2000年1月至2004年12月连续收治符合入组条件的胸段局部晚期食管鳞癌患者42例,应用胸部及腹部CT、食管超声内镜、支气管内镜等检查进行治疗前分期.术前放化疗方案:去甲长春花碱25 mg/m2,于第1、8、22、29天静脉注射,或5氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)2.4 g/m2于第1～3、22～2,4天持续72 h静脉注射及顺铂(DDP)75 mg/m2,第1、22天静脉注射,同期采用常规分割放疗2.0 Gy/d,每周5 d,总量40 Gy.放化疗结束4～6周后,施行食管癌切除,重建消化道.结果 全组42例,其中41例完成术前放化疗,术前放化疗的临床有效率83.3%;40例进一步接受手术,根治性(R0)切除率97.5%,病理完全缓解率为23.8%.全组1、3、5年生存率分别为66.9%、54.5%、44.9%,中位生存时间为43.4个月;1、3、5年无病生存率分别为61.1%、48.7%、39.5%,中位无病生存时间为32.7个月.术前放化疗引起的骨髓抑制、肺毒性、食管毒性,多数为Ⅰ～Ⅱ度,无术前放化疗的毒副反应导致无法手术或死亡.术后肺部感染、严重心律失常、围术期死亡率分别是22.5%、20.0%、5.0%.结论 术前放化疗并手术可取得较高的临床有效率和完全病理缓解率,明显降低食管癌的分期,有望提高局部中晚期食管癌的生存率.患者对本方案耐受性良好,但放化疗的毒副反应不容忽视.     

Nonfunctioning islet cell carcinoma presenting bleeding gastric varices and splenomegaly

This is a report of a 63-year-old Japanese woman with a nonfunctioning islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas presenting bleeding gastric varices and splenomegaly. These manifestations are extremely rare in patients with nonfunctioning islet cell tumor. The tumor originated in the tail of the pancreas and grew mainly within the spleen. The gastric varices due to increased blood flow to the tumor and arteriovenous fistuals within the tumor were confirmed by angiography and operation. The tumor was resected and she is in a good health for 14-months after the operation.