非溃疡性消化不良患者胆囊收缩功能的初步探讨

非溃疡性消化不良（ＮＵＤ）为临床常见的一组症候群，其发生的病理生理机制迄今尚未明了。我们在研究ＮＵＯ患者胃排空功能的基础上，利用超声波检查对其胆囊的收缩排空功能进行探讨。结果显示：３８例ＮＵＤ患者与３０例无症状对照者的空腹胆囊体积及餐后胆囊最大收缩指数无差异，不同的是两组的胆囊收缩速度不同。ＮＵＤ患者中胆囊收缩延缓及过速者较对照组明显增多，并与ＮＵＤ患者的早饱、恶心有一定关系。胃的排空延缓并不影响胆囊的收缩。这一结果为临床缓解ＮＵＤ患者的症状提供了新的线索。     

小剂量红霉素联合微生态制剂治疗早产儿喂养不耐受的临床价值初评

目的：分析在喂养不耐受早产儿中联合应用小剂量红霉素、微生态制剂的临床治疗效果。方法选取2013年8月-2014年12月该院收治的102例喂养不耐受早产儿,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(采用微生态制剂予以治疗)和研究组(采用小剂量红霉素+微生态制剂予以治疗),每组各51例,比较两组早产儿的治疗效果。结果①研究组早产儿的治疗总有效率为90.33%(47/51),对照组为67.31%(35/51),研究组早产儿的疗效明显高于对照组(P<0.05);②两组早产儿均未见不良反应,安全性好。结论在喂养不耐受早产儿中联合应用小剂量红霉素和微生态制剂,效果显著,且具有良好的安全性,值得推广。     

早产儿喂养不耐受

早产儿喂养不耐受可导致早期营养不良、生长受限,对以后的行为和认知产生影响,是目前新生儿科医生面临的重要问题。喂养不耐受与早产儿胃肠功能不成熟、围生期窒息、感染等疾病因素相关。临床治疗常采用微量喂养,促胃肠动力药、口服益生菌等方法,但目前尚无统一的预防和治疗指南。     

Management of dyspepsia—The role of the ED Observation unit to optimize patient outcomes

Background

Dyspepsia is a common complaint that can confer significant burden on one's quality of life and may also be associated with serious underlying conditions. The objective of this study was to determine if patients admitted to the emergency department observation unit (EDOU) for severe or persistent dyspepsia would have cost effective management in terms of investigations performed, length and cost of hospital stay. The secondary objective was to determine if any patient characteristics could predict a need for admission to the inpatient unit.

大剂量红霉素治疗早产儿喂养不耐受的疗效观察

目的：探讨大剂量红霉素治疗早产儿喂养不耐受的疗效。方法选取2013年1月—2014年1月于贵港市妇幼保健院就诊的喂养不耐受早产儿54例,随机分为观察组与对照组,各27例。对照组予以常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用大剂量红霉素治疗。观察两组肠内热卡达标（即达到50kcal·kg -1·d -1）时间、住院时间、全胃肠外营养（TPN）时间及并发症发生情况。结果观察组肠内热卡达标时间、住院时间及 TPN 时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）;两组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。结论大剂量红霉素治疗早产儿喂养不耐受的疗效显著,能改善早产儿胃肠动力,缩短住院时间,且并发症少。     

Satiety testing： Ready for the clinic？

Drink tests are advocated as an inexpensive, nonivasive technique to assess gastric function in patients with a variety of upper digestive symptoms. Many patients with dyspeptic complaints will achieve satiation or develop symptoms at ingested volumes below those typically required to achieve these endpoints in controls. Substantial variation in test performance exists and a greater degree of standardization is required. Additionally, it remains unclear exactly what drink tests measure as correlations with measures of gastric sensation, accomodation and emptying are modest at best. Finally, results of drink tests do not guide therpay. At present, these tests are best reserved for research studies and are not advocated for use in clinical practice.     

Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms and Uninvestigated Dyspepsia in Korea: A Population-Based Study

Various reports on the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and uninvestigated dyspepsia have been conducted in Western countries. We sought to determine the frequency of GERD symptoms and uninvestigated dyspepsia in Korea. Telephone interviews were conducted with 1,044 individuals. Of all subjects, 7.1% reported that GERD symptoms were present at least once a week, and 3.8% at least twice a week. The prevalence of heartburn according to educational level and acid regurgitation according to age was significantly different (P < 0.05). The prevalence of uninvestigated dyspepsia was reported as 12.2%. Dyspepsia was divided into subgroups of 34% ulcer-like, 56% dysmotility-like, and 10% nonspecific. The occurrence of dyspepsia did not vary according to age, gender, educational level and household income. As frequency of GERD symptoms increased, quality of life significantly decreased. We concluded that GERD symptoms and uninvestigated dyspepsia were prevalent in Korea. The prevalence was similar to that of other Asian countries.     

Erythromycin ameliorates renal injury via anti-inflammatory effects in experimental diabetic rats

Aims/hypothesis Recent studies have shown that the inflammatory process is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Fourteen-membered ring macrolides, including erythromycin, have anti-inflammatory, as well as antibacterial effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the renoprotective effects of erythromycin in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Methods STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated orally with erythromycin (5 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle every day for 8 weeks. To evaluate the effect of erythromycin treatment, we measured urinary albumin excretion, and examined the following in the kidney: histological changes, the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), macrophage infiltration, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B) activity.Results Erythromycin significantly reduced urinary albumin excretion without affecting blood glucose levels and blood pressure. Erythromycin also attenuated glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion, macrophage infiltration and ICAM-1 expression in renal tissues. The expression of the gene encoding TGFB1 (also known as TGF-1), type IV collagen protein production and NF-B activity in renal tissues were increased in diabetic rats and reduced by erythromycin treatment.Conclusions/interpretation Erythromycin prevented renal injuries without changes of blood glucose levels and blood pressure in experimental diabetic rats. These results suggest that the renoprotective effects of erythromycin are based on its anti-inflammatory effect via suppression of NF-B activation. Modulation of microinflammation with erythromycin may provide a new approach for diabetic nephropathy.     

Scintigraphic evaluation of gallbladder motor functions in H pylori positive and negative patients in the stomach with dyspepsia

AIM：To evaluate the relationship between gallbladder （GB） motor function and H pylori infection in the stomach.
METHODS： All cases （86） underwent the 14C urea breath test （UBT）. ^14C-UBT was found as positive in 58 and negative in 28 dyspeptic patients. ^14C- UBT was accepted as a gold standard test. Clo test and histopathologic examination were compared with the results of ^14C-UBT in cases who tolerated upper gastrointestinal endoscopy procedure. Cholescintigraphy with ^99mTc-mebrofenin was used to determine the parameters of GB motor function （GB filling and emptying time, half of the emptying time, ejection fraction at 30th and 60th min） in all patients.
RESULTS： We found the sensitivity and specificity as 88% and 86% for Clo test and as 89% and 80% for histologic evaluation, respectively. The parameters of GB function were not significantly different in H pylori positive and negative patients. The GB emptying was normal in both groups. Minimum GB filling time was 30 min in 34 of 86 cases （39.5%）, filling was not observed in 2 cases. The GB ultrasonography （USG） results were normal for all cases and bile composition abnormality was not determined.
CONCLUSION： Our study showed that ^14C-UBT is highly reliable method to detect the presence of H pylori. The presence of H pylori infection does not directly affect the GB function.