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91.
J?rg D?tsch Christian Plank Kerstin Amann Julie Ingelfinger 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》2009,87(9):841-848
Large epidemiological studies suggest a clear relation between low birth weight and adverse renal outcomes evident as early
as during childhood. Such adverse outcomes may include glomerular disease, hypertension, and renal failure. Data from autopsy
material and from experimental models suggest that reduction in nephron number via diminished nephrogenesis may be a major
mechanism, and factors that lead to this reduction are incompletely elucidated. Other mechanisms appear to be renal (e.g.,
via the intrarenal renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system) and nonrenal (e.g. changes in endothelial function). It also appears
likely that the outcomes of fetal programming may be influenced postnatally, for example, by the amount of nutrients given
at critical times. 相似文献
92.
随着人类对肿瘤研究的日益深入,许多学者已经清楚地认识到,肿瘤的发生、发展不仅与细胞内基因突变、缺失等因核苷酸序列改变所导致的遗传调控紊乱有关,还与表观遗传调控异常有着密切的联系[1].所谓表观遗传,是指通过DNA甲基化、组蛋白乙酰化和甲基化、染色质构型变化等所导致的在基因表达水平的改变.它只影响基因的转录活性而不影响核苷酸序列的改变[2].其中,DNA甲基化作为常见的表观遗传学修饰模式,在哺乳动物基因表达调控中起着重要的作用.异常甲基化可导致癌基冈的活化、非必需重复序列的转录、抑癌基因及DNA修复基因的沉默等,并能以半保留的方式高保真地传递到子代细胞的基岗组中,最终引发肿瘤[1]. 相似文献
93.
Inhibition of histone deacetylation protects wildtype but not gelsolin-deficient mice from ischemic brain injury 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yildirim F Gertz K Kronenberg G Harms C Fink KB Meisel A Endres M 《Experimental neurology》2008,210(2):531-542
Acetylation/deactylation of histones is an important mechanism to regulate gene expression and chromatin remodeling. We have previously demonstrated that the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) protects cortical neurons from oxygen/glucose deprivation in vitro which is mediated--at least in part--via the up regulation of gelsolin expression. Here, we demonstrate that TSA treatment dose-dependently enhances histone acetylation in brains of wildtype mice as evidenced by immunoblots of total brain lysates and immunocytochemical staining. Along with increased histone acetylation dose-dependent up regulation of gelsolin protein was observed. Levels of filamentous actin were largely decreased by TSA pre-treatment in brain of wildtype but not gelsolin-deficient mice. When exposed to 1 h filamentous occlusion of the middle cerebral artery followed by reperfusion TSA pre-treated wildtype mice developed significantly smaller cerebral lesion volumes and tended to have improved neurological deficit scores compared to vehicle-treated mice. These protective effects could not be explained by apparent changes in physiological parameters. In contrast to wildtype mice, TSA pre-treatment did not protect gelsolin-deficient mice against MCAo/reperfusion suggesting that enhanced gelsolin expression is an important mechanism by which TSA protects against ischemic brain injury. Our results suggest that HDAC inhibitors such as TSA are a promising therapeutic strategy for reducing brain injury following cerebral ischemia. 相似文献
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A balance between rapid, short lived, neuronal responses and prolonged ones fulfill the biochemical and cellular requirements for creating a molecular memory. I provide an overview of epigenetic mechanisms in the brain and discuss their impact on synaptic plasticity, cognitive functions, and discuss a recent example of how they can contribute to neurodegeneration and the cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
98.
Successful pregnancy requires adjustments to multiple maternal homeostatic mechanisms, governed by the maternal brain to support and enable survival of the growing fetus and placenta. Such adjustments fit the concept of allostasis (stability through change) and have a cost: allostatic load. Allostasis is driven by ovarian, anterior pituitary, placental and feto-placental hormones acting on the maternal brain to promote adaptations that support the pregnancy and protect the fetus. Many women carry an existing allostatic load into pregnancy, from socio-economic circumstances, poor mental health and in ‘developed’ countries, also from obesity. These pregnancies have poorer outcomes indicating negative interactions (failing allostasis) between pre-pregnancy and pregnancy allostatic loads. Use of animal models, such as adult prenatally stressed female offspring with abnormal neuroendocrine, metabolic and behavioural phenotypes, to probe gene expression changes, and epigenetic mechanisms in the maternal brain in adverse pregnancies are discussed, with the prospect of ameliorating poor pregnancy outcomes. 相似文献
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