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目的 在“营养校园”试点学校进行为期一年的营养干预,分析评价干预效果。方法 在石家庄新华区选取一所小学和一所初中进行干预,从三、五、七年级中分别随机抽取2个班级的学生在干预前后进行调查。干预方法包括开展营养健康教育、促进身体活动、科学营养供餐支持等综合措施,通过问卷和体格测量调查学生干预前后的营养知识、饮食行为及超重肥胖变化情况。结果 干预后,营养知识题目的正确率显著提高(χ2=613.737,P<0.001),总体正确率为59.8%。学生早餐食物种类(χ2=19.841,P<0.001)和早餐摄入频率(χ2=5.405,P<0.05)均有显著改善。总体超重肥胖率未见显著改善,按性别、年级分层分析发现,女生超重肥胖率降低(χ2=1.891,P<0.05),5年级(χ2=4.923,P<0.05)和7年级(χ2=10.563,P<0.01)学生超重肥胖率降低,且高年级学生降幅更明显。结论 以校园为基础开展综合营养干预措施,可以提高学生的营养知识水平,并改善学生的不良饮食行为及超重肥胖现状。 相似文献
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Diarrhoea during enteral feeding in the critically ill: A comparison of feeds with and without fibre 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This randomised double-blind study examined the frequency of diarrhoea in intensive care unit patients given a fibre-containing feed, Enrich, and a fibre-free feed, Ensure. A daily diarrhoea score was calculated from the frequency, volume and consistency of the stools. A score greater than 12 indicated diarrhoea, and greater than 50 severe diarrhoea. Ninety one patients met the criteria for participation: Enrich 45, Ensure 46. The groups were similar in age, sex ratio, feed volume, antibiotic usage, upper gastro-intestinal bleeding prophylaxis and plasma albumin concentrations. Diarrhoea occurred in 16 patients given Enrich and 13 given Ensure, severe diarrhoea affecting 5 and 9 respectively (NS). Forty seven of 343 (14%) Enrich feeding days and 51 of 342 (15%) Ensure feeding days were complicated by diarrhoea — severe diarrhoea: 8 and 12 feeding days (NS). We conclude soy polysaccharide (21 g/L) did not reduce diarrhoea in intensive care unit patients given enteral feeds. 相似文献
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Ehrenberg’s Law-like relationship between height and weight [log
was applied to a group of public school and Govt. school children in New Delhi. It was found that the model log
was comparatively a good fit for public school children and the model log
for Govt. school children. On fitting the model to the sample data it was found that the value of ‘a’ was 0.8, with some
minor variation in the second decimal point and the value of ‘b’ was 0.39 & 0.36 respectively for public school boys and girls
and 0.32 & 0.29 respectively for Govt. school boys & girls. These results corroborates with the findings of the earlier studies
that the intercept constant ‘b’ in the Law-like relationship equation is influenced by the nutrition of children. This model
is recommended because of its simplicity and practical usefulness using only already available information. 相似文献
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Dietary micronutrients such as vitamins and trace minerals are known modulators of host immune responses against common pathogens.
In this respect, vitamin A and zinc have recently received increased attention. Severalin vivo andin vitro studies suggest that vitamin A may be a critical player in the mucosal immune responses in the respiratory and gastrointestinal
tracts, particularly in undernourished children. The effect may be mediated primarily by stabilization of the membrane of
mucosal epithelial cells, as well as enhanced leukocyte functions. The beneficial effect of vitamin A therapy in reducing
measles-associated morbidity and mortality suggests its crucial role in defenses against viral pathogens. Zinc is also known
affect leukocyte functions such as phagocytosis and T-lymphocyte-mediated immune responses. However, unlike vitamin A, zinc
has been investigated primarily for its effects on bacterial infections. Dietary supplementation or therapeutic treatment
with vitamin A and zinc may be a cheap yet effective means of preventing or treating infections in highly susceptible populations.
Additional studies, however, are required to better define the types of pathogens and the specific human populations that
may benefit from such therapy. 相似文献