The Preparation and Biocompatibility Study on Fe2O3 Magnetic Nanoparticles Used in Tumor Hyperthermia

Objective：To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of self-prepared nanosized Fe2O3, which has the potential implication in tumor hyperthermia. Methods： Fe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by improving co-precipitation, which characterization was detected by TEM, XRD, CMIAS, EDS. MTT assay was used to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity test; hemolytic test was carried out to estimate whether it has blood toxicity; Fe2O3 suspended in sterile 0.9% NaCl was intraperitoneally injected into Kumning mouse to calculate the LD50 ; micronucleus （MN） were reckoned to identify whether it is genotoxic. Results：The nanoparticles are brown spherical particles with diameter ranging from 8 to 15 nm, which have good decentralization and stability. The experiments also showed that the toxicity of the material on mouse fibroblast （L-929） cell lines was 0 - 1 degree ; it has no hemolysis activity; LD50 arrived at 5.45 g/kg^-1 after intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml suspension; micronucleus test showed that it has no genotoxic effects either. Conclusion： The results showed that the Fe2O3 nanoparticles are prepared successfully, the self-prepared nanosized Fe2O3 is a kind of high biocompatibility materials and perhaps it is suitable for further application in tumor hyperthermia.     

Morbidität und Letalität nach elektiven Resektionen kolorektaler Karzinome

Zusammenfassung In der Literatur finden sich nur wenige aktuelle Angaben zur postoperativen Morbidität und Letalität nach elektiven Resektionen kolorektaler Karzinome. Von 596 Patienten mit einem kolorektalen Karzinom wurden 492 Patienten ausgewertet, die nach unseren Regeln gründlich vorbereitet and elektiv reseziert wurden. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden Morbidität und Letalität ermittelt and darüber hinaus deren Abhängigkeit von den Begleiterkrankungen und präoperativen Komplikationen untersucht. Bei 50% der Patienten waren Begleiterkrankungen und bei 18,7% präoperative Komplikationen (Stenose, Ileus, Infektionen) nachweisbar. Die Rate der allgemeinen postoperativen Komplikationen betrug 30,5%. Während die Pneumonie (13%) sowohl eine Alters- und Geschlechtsabhängigkeit aufwies, war die Rate der Harnwegsinfektionen (12,7%) nur vom Geschlecht abhängig. Die Harnwegsinfekte konnten nach Einführung des suprasymphysären Katheters um über die Hälfte (5,7%) gesenkt wurden. Bei 11,4% der Patienten traten lokale Komplikationen (Insuffizienzen 2%, Ileus 2,2% Blutungen 1,6%, enterokutane Fistel 1,2%) auf. Sie waren weder vom Alter und Geschlecht noch von den präoperativen Komplikationen oder Begleiterkrankungen abhängig. Die 30-Tages-Letalität betrug 2% und die gesamte Krankenhausletalität 2,6%. Die Ergebnisse belegen, daß die sorgfältige Diagnostik und Behandlung der Begleiterkrankungen, die speziellen Vorbereitungen zur Darmoperation Bowie die Anwendung verbesserter Operationstechniken die Operationsresultate nach elektiven Resektionen verbessern können.

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Morbidity and mortality after elective resection of colorectal cancer

Summary There are few actual published results about morbidity and mortality after elective resection of colorectal cancer. Out of 596 patients with colorectal cancer, the medical records of 492 who had been prepared preoperatively according to our predefined standards and electively operated on, were analysed. We studied the results of morbidity and mortality and their association with preexisting conditions and preoperative complications. We found that 50% of our patients had preexisting conditions and that 18.7% had preoperative complications (obstruction, ileus, infections). The rate of general postoperative complications was 30.5%. While for pneumonia (13%) there was age and sex relation, for urinary infection (12.7%) there was only sex relation. We were able to reduce urinary infections by half (5.7%), by using a suprapubic catheter. 11.4% of our patients had local complications (anastomotic leakage 2%, ileus 2.2%, bleeding 1.6%, fistula 1.2%). These were neither dependent on age or sex, nor on preoperative complications or preexisting conditions. Mortality within 30 days was 2% and overall mortality was 2.6%. Our results show that careful diagnosis and treatment of preexisting conditions, bowel preparation and an improvement in operating techniques can all lead to improved results after elective resection.

     

计件考核在医院制剂配制中的量化管理

本文介绍采用计件考核对医院制剂生产实行量化管理的具体做法和所取得的效果。     

复方黄芪口服液的实验研究

研究了由黄芪、党参、当归、枸杞子等组成的复方口服液的制备工艺及质量标准，对某些药理作用进行了初步探讨，结果表明该口服液能显著提高小鼠耐缺氧能力，可延长小鼠游泳时间、有抗疲劳作用。     

Endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 activate µ-opioid receptors in myenteric neurons of the guinea-pig small intestine

The novel opioid tetrapeptides, endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2, recently isolated from bovine and human brain bind with high affinity and selectivity to central μ-opioid receptors. In the digestive tract, a comprehensive pharmacological analysis of the receptors involved in endomorphin action has not been reported. In this study, we analyzed the effects of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 on longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparations (LMMPs) from the guinea-pig ileum. Both peptides (30 pM–1 μM) inhibited (–log EC₅₀ values: 8.61 and 8.59, respectively) the amplitude of electrically-induced twitch contractions in a concentration-dependent fashion, up to its abolition. Conversely, in unstimulated LMMPs, they failed to affect contractions to applied acetylcholine (100 nM). In stimulated LMMPs, the highly selective μ-opioid receptor antagonist, d-Phe-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH₂ (CTOP), caused a concentration-dependent (30 nM–1 μM), parallel rightward shift of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 inhibitory curves, without depression of their maximum. Following Schild analysis, calculated pA ₂ values were 7.81 and 7.85, respectively, with slopes not different from unity. Concentration-response curves to both peptides were not affected by 30 nM naltrindole (a selective δ-receptor antagonist) or 30 nM nor-binaltorphimine (a selective κ-receptor antagonist). These results demonstrate that endomorphins selectively activate μ-opioid receptors located on excitatory myenteric plexus neurons, and that they act as full agonists. Received: 6 August 1998 / Accepted: 5 October 1998     

蛸蛎丸的制备与临床疗效初步观察

目的 蛸蛎丸的制备及临床疗效观察。方法 用薄层色谱法进行质量控制;与乳结平胶囊进行临床疗效比较。结果质量控制的定性鉴别色谱特征明显;临床治疗乳腺增生病总有效率为92.9％,优于对照组的76.0％。结论 薄层色谱法控制该制剂的质量可靠,重现性好;临床疗效确切。     

Circadian changes in the absorption and elimination of theophylline in patients with bronchial obstruction

Summary Circadian variation in the serum concentration of theophylline has been reported in most patients receiving slow release oral preparations. To examine further the mechanism and clinical relevance of this change, an investigation has been made into the diurnal fluctuation in elimination kinetics during i.v. administration of theophylline and its serum concentration profile on oral treatment with a slow release preparation, in 8 hospitalized patients receiving it for bronchial obstruction. After reaching steady-state on a constant intravenous infusion, the total body clearance of theophylline (CL) was determined every 4–6 h from the steady-state concentration and the infusion rate. No systematic trend indicative of circadian changes in elimination kinetics was observed. The intraindividual fluctuation in CL during the observation period was small (coefficient of variation 4–11%). In contrast, on oral dosing a smaller area under the serum concentration-time curve was found during the night time (22.00–06.00). The results show that the circadian variation described in serum theophylline concentrations is due to delayed absorption at night. The elimination kinetics of theopyhlline do not change.     

3—氯—4—氟苯胺的制备

以氟苯(或对氯硝基苯)为起始原料,经硝化或氟取代得对氟硝基苯。然后氯化、还原合成3-氯-4-氟苯胺,总收率为67～71％(或54～57％)。     

Image analysis of collagen-associated mineral distribution in cryogenically prepared turkey leg tendons

Summary This study is concerned with the cryogenic preservation of intrafibrillar apatite distribution in type I collagen of turkey leg tendons. Cryogenic specimen preparations by the rapid freezing of nonfixed and noncryoprotected leg tendons were performed by two different protocols: (1) low temperature substitution, fixation and staining followed by low temperature embedment; (2) frozen hydrated and air-dried cryosections were examined with the electron microscope at −165°C and normal operating temperatures, respectively. These protocols revealed the axial periodicity for mineralized collagen to have a 65–69 nm range with a mean value of 67 nm as determined by point-to-point measurements. Mineral distributions and specific apatite visualization were examined by electron microscopic imaging in bright field and selected-area dark field, respectively. Fourier filtered images and image subtraction were used to separate the axial repeating and nonrepeating intrafibrillar mineral domains of collagen. The removal of these axial repeats revealed an underlying and integrated mineral distribution, demonstrating that apatite is not confined to axial periodicities such as those of the gap zone.     

A Double-Blind, Multicenter Immunotherapy Trial in Children, Using a Purified and Standardized Cladosporium herbarum Preparation I. Clinical Results

A double-blind histamine placebo controlled immunotherapy trial was performed to investigate the clinical effect of a purified and standardized Cladosporium herbarum allergen preparation. Thirty children with a clinical history suggesting mould-induced asthma and/or rhinoconjunctivitis were included. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive skin prick test and Phadebas RAST as well as positive bronchial and/or conjunctival provocation test to Cladosporium herbarum. Immunotherapy was given for 10 months in a double-blind manner to randomized groups with either Pharmalgen/Cladosporium herbarum preparation or histamine placebo. Allergic side effects to injections were common, especially during the peak of the mould season (July-September in Scandinavia). In the active group, 13/16 patients experienced general reactions during the first 10 months of treatment. After 6 months of treatment, eye, nose and bronchial symptom scores and peak expiratory flow rates were similar for the groups, maybe because most of the children were also sensitive to many other allergens, including Alternaria alternata. However, medication scores were significantly lower in the treated group (P less than 0.01). Bronchial (P less than 0.01) and conjunctival sensitivity (P = 0.01) were significantly reduced in the Cladosporium-treated group but not in the placebo group after 10 months of treatment. This is the first double-blind clinical trial showing the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy in children with mould-induced asthma.