Doxycycline tolerance study

Summary In a randomised, double-blind, 3-way cross-over trial, the incidence of nausea associated with 2 doxycycline 100 mg formulations (Doryx' and Vibramycin') were compared.The original study cohort comprised 103 healthy male volunteers, with 97 subjects completing the trial. Subjects were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatment sequences and received a single dose of Doryx', Vibramycin' or placebo, with a 7-day washout prior to cross-over. At halfhourly intervals, from 0 to 2 h post-dose, subjects completed questionnaires to indicate if they felt nauseous. Data were analysed according to a log-linear method for the analysis of cross-over trials with categorical responses.Seventeen, 29 and 11 subjects experienced nausea with Doryx', Vibramycin' and placebo, respectively. A significantly greater number of volunteers indicated a positive response with Vibramycin' vs Doryx' and vs placebo; the positive response frequency was not significantly different for the Doryx' vs the placebo regimen. Treatment sequence had no significant effect on response, although a marked first-dose effect was noted; the first (vs the second and vs the third) regimen was 1.5–2 times more likely to induce a positive response.     

Pharmacokinetic criteria for the evaluation of retard formulations

Summary In vivo criteria are proposed for the assessment of retard formulations. If the pharmacokinetics of the retard formulation tested and of the normal preparation are known, in either plasma or urine, two retard quotients can be defined which define the sustained release. One of the quotients refers to the width (half-value duration) and the other to the height of the plasma concentration time curve of the retard form as compared to the conventional preparation. From these criteria it is possible to draw useful conclusions about thein vivo quality of a retard formulation in an early stage of development of the dosage form. As a practical example the criteria have been applied to Noveril^® 240 tablets (dibenzepin hydrochloride), the retard effect of which has made it possible to reduce the frequency of administration from three times daily to once a day.     

非洛地平、依那普利联合治疗老年高血压病临床观察

目的：评价非洛地平、依那普利治疗老年高血压病的临床疗效及其安全性。方法：将符合老年高血压病Ⅱ、Ⅲ期诊断标准的47例病人，给予非洛地平2．5mg～5mg、依那普利10mg～15mg联合治疗，每日1次，28d为一疗程，服用7d收缩压仍大于140mmHg或舒张压大于90mmHg者，上药加倍或调整用药时辰。结果：治疗7d、14d后，测得显效率分剐为53．19％和70．21％．总有效率为97．8％，不良反应发生率为23．4％。结论：非洛地平、依那普利联合治疗老年高血压病安全、有效，耐受性好。     

伊贝沙坦与依那普利治疗老年慢性心力衰竭疗效比较

目的:比较伊贝沙坦与依那普利治疗老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的临床疗效及安全性.方法:72例老年CHF患者在常规治疗基础上随机分为两组,伊贝沙坦(150mg/d,37例)组与依那普利(10～20mg/d,35例)组,疗程为6个月.结果:疗程结束后,伊贝沙坦组临床显效率45.9%,有效率48.6%,无效率5.4%,总有效率94.6%;依那普利组分别为48.6%、43.2%、5.7%、94.3%,两组间比较差异无显著性.与治疗前比较,两组在左心室质量指数、左心室射血分数、左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末期内径等相关参数均有显著改善(P＜0.01);血压有所下降(P＜0.05),但均在正常范围内;除刺激性干咳发生率伊贝沙坦组明显低于依那普利组外,两组均未见其他明显不良反应.结论:伊贝沙坦治疗老年CHF与依那普利疗效相似,且不良反应少,可作为不能耐受ACEI类药物的老年CHF病人的优先选择.     

应用RP—HPLC测定自微乳化油相制剂中胰岛素的含量及预处理方法的研究

目的：选择适当的样品预处理方法，应用反相高效液相色谱建立自微乳化油相制剂中胰岛素的检测方法。方法：通过酸解、萃取以及表面活性剂破乳法对自微乳化油相制剂样品进行预处理，并优化预处理方法以提高油相制剂中胰岛素的回收率。结果：经过适当的样品预处理，2种脂肪酸成分不同的油相制剂中的胰岛素回收率均高于95％。结论：本方法操作简便。结果准确，重复性好，能满足自微乳化油相制剂中胰岛素检测的需要。     

厄贝沙坦与依那普利治疗慢性心力衰竭疗效的对比观察

目的评价厄贝沙坦治疗慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的疗效及对左室功能的影响。方法84例CHF患者在应用洋地黄、利尿剂、β受体阻滞剂治疗的基础上,随机分为厄贝沙坦组和依那普利组。每组42例,疗程16周。治疗前后分别进行心功能评估,6分钟步行距离,超声心动图测量左室功能的相应指标,记录心率、血压变化及血生化检查。结果治疗16周后两组心功能、6分钟步行距离、左室舒张末内径(LVD d)、左室舒张末期容量(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容量(LVESV)、左心室射血分数(EF)、短轴缩短率(FS)、每博量(SV)、心排血指数(C I)均有显著改善(P<0.05),治疗前后两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论厄贝沙坦治疗CHF有效率及对左室功能的改善近似于依那普利,且有较好耐受性。     

胰激肽原酶与依那普利治疗糖尿病肾病的对照研究

目的探讨治疗糖尿病肾病(DN)的有效方法。方法将72例糖尿病肾病患者分为三组,分别为胰激肽原酶组、依那普利组和对照组,治疗前后观察血糖、血压、尿白蛋白排出率(UAER)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)的变化情况,并进行统计学分析。结果治疗后胰激肽原酶组和依那普利组患者UAER均较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);胰激肽原酶组患者治疗后Cr水平较依那普利组和对照组均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);依那普利组患者治疗后收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)较治疗前差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),较对照组治疗后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胰激肽原酶组SBP较治疗前差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胰激肽原酶和依那普利均有较好治疗糖尿病肾病的效果,胰激肽原酶还可以改善患者的肾功能。     

依那普利和厄贝沙坦对相关血浆分子标记物表达的影响研究

目的:研究依那普利和厄贝沙坦对原发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的血压和相关血浆分子标记物表达的影响。方法:40只SHR随机分为厄贝沙坦(SHR-I)组、依那普利(SHR-E)组、两药联合(SHR-IE)组和空白对照(SHR-C)组,另选取10只WKY大鼠为正常对照组(WKY组)。各组灌胃给药16周后测定血压及相关血浆分子标记物血浆可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(PAI-1),并与实验前比较。结果:各药物组血压在给药前、后有显著性差异(P<0.01)。各药物组及WKY组的sICAM-1、PAI-1与SHR-C组比较具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。各药物组的sICAM-1与WKY组比较具有显著差异(P<0.01),其中单药组与联合用药组比较具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:厄贝沙坦和依那普利可显著降低血压,作用可能与抑制sICAM-1、PAI-1的表达有关。     

Predictors of Historical Clinical Risk Management-20 Version 3 (HCR–20:V3) summary risk ratings

How individual risk factors on structured professional judgement (SPJ) assessment tools translate into SPJ final risk formulations is unclear due to a lack of structured criteria. Understanding pathways to risk formulations is vital, as they serve as intervention targets for risk management. This study examined how Historical Clinical Risk Management-20 Version 3 (HCR–20:V3) raters weighed varied information sources to complete summary risk ratings (SRRs). Four independent raters retrospectively coded an archived sample of 32 inpatients at a Canadian forensic psychiatric hospital. HCR–20:V3 SPJ SRRs were regressed on the 20 individual items and sample covariates to identify unique predictors of risk formulations across each rater. Raters consistently used HCR–20:V3 items and composite subscales for SRRs. Despite strong inter-rater agreement on the SRRs, there were variations across raters regarding which items informed each SRR. Rater-unique biases were also shown to influence SRRs. Implications for forensic practice and risk management are discussed.     

Effects of glyphosate exposure on honeybees

Honeybees show an important pollination ability and play vital roles in improving crop yields and increasing plant genetic diversity, thereby generating tremendous economic benefits for humans. However, honeybee survival is affected by a number of biological and abiotic stresses, including the effects of fungi, bacteria, viruses, parasites, and especially agrochemicals. Glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide that is primarily used for weed control in agriculture, has been reported to have lethal and sublethal effects on honeybees. Here, we summarize recent advances in research on the effects of glyphosate on honeybees, including effects on their behaviors, growth and development, metabolic processes, and immune defense, providing a detailed reference for studying the mechanism of action of pesticides. Furthermore, we provide possible directions for future research on glyphosate toxicity to honeybees.