Xiangbinfang granules enhance gastric antrum motility via intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal in mice

BACKGROUND Interdigestive migrating motor complexes(MMC)produce periodic contractions in the gastrointestinal tract,but the exact mechanism of action still remains unclear.Intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC-IM)participate in gastrointestinal hormone and neuromodulation,but the correlation between ICCIM and MMC is also unclear.We found that xiangbinfang granules(XBF)mediated the phase III contraction of MMC.Here,the effects of XBF on gastric antrum motility in W/Wv mice and the effects of ICC-IM on gastric antrum MMC are reported.AIM To observe the effects of ICC-IM on gastric antrum motility and to establish the mechanism of XBF in promoting gastric antrum motility.METHODS The density of c-kit-positive ICC myenteric plexus(ICC-MP)and ICC-IM in the antral muscularis of W/Wv and wild-type(WT)mice was examined by confocal microscopy.The effects of XBF on gastric antrum slow waves in W/Wv and WT mice were recorded by intracellular amplification recording.Micro-strain-gauge force transducers were implanted into the gastric antrum to monitor the MMC and the effect of XBF on gastric antrum motility in conscious W/Wv and WT mice.RESULTS In the gastric antrum of W/Wv mice,c-kit immunoreactivity was significantly reduced,and no ICC-IM network was observed.Spontaneous rhythmic slow waves also appeared in the antrum of W/Wv mice,but the amplitude of the antrum slow wave decreased significantly in W/Wv mice(22.62±2.23 mV vs 2.92±0.52 mV,P<0.0001).MMCs were found in 7 of the 8 WT mice but no complete MMC cycle was found in W/Wv mice.The contractile frequency and amplitude index of the gastric antrum were significantly increased in conscious WT compared to W/Wv mice(frequency,3.53±0.18 cpm vs 1.28±0.12 cpm;amplitude index,23014.26±1798.65 mV·20 min vs 3782.16±407.13 mV·20 min;P<0.0001).XBF depolarized smooth muscle cells of the gastric antrum in WT and W/Wv mice in a dose-dependent manner.Similarly,the gastric antrum motility in WT mice was significantly increased after treatment with XBF 5 mg(P<0.05).Atropine(0.1 mg/kg)blocked the enhancement of XBF in WT and W/Wv mice completely,while tetrodotoxin(0.05 mg/kg)partially inhibited the enhancement by XBF.CONCLUSION ICC-IM participates in the regulation of gastric antrum MMC in mice.XBF induces MMC III-like contractions that enhance gastric antrum motility via ICCIM in mice.     

弓形虫GRA6可溶性蛋白在大肠埃希菌中的表达及纯化

目的在大肠埃希菌中高效表达及纯化弓形虫GRA6抗原,为制作弓形虫感染基因工程诊断试剂盒奠定基础.方法将重组pGEX-GRA6表达载体转化大肠埃希菌BL21-Codon Plus（DE3）-RP菌株,在异丙基硫代-β-D半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导下表达.超声破壁后,通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）分析表达产物的表达形式,并对表达产物以硫酸铵沉淀、Sephedax G50脱盐和GST亲和层析柱进行目的蛋白的纯化.通过Western blotting检测其纯化的重组抗原的免疫反应性.结果GRA6以融合蛋白（GST-GRA6）的形式在大肠埃希菌中得到了高效表达.对表达产物可溶性分析表明,表达蛋白在上清液中和包涵体中均有表达.在上清液中表达的可溶性蛋白经纯化后蛋白纯度可达90%以上.Western blotting分析表明纯化蛋白能被弓形虫感染的人血清所识别.结论GRA6在大肠埃希菌中得到了高效表达,重组抗原经纯化后能特异性地被弓形虫感染者血清所识别.     

清热理气冲剂对实验性胆汁反流性胃炎大鼠血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽的影响

目的 探讨清热理气冲剂对实验性胆汁反流性胃炎（BRG）大鼠血浆内皮素（ET）和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）的影响。方法 60只大鼠随机分为A组（中药等效剂量组），B组（中药大剂量组），C组（西沙必利等效剂量组），D组（枸橼酸铋钾等效剂量组），E组（病理对照组）和F组（正常对照组）。除F组外，其余各组大鼠应用胆汁灌胃导致胃黏膜损害。2W后分别应用清热理气冲剂等效剂量、大剂量、西沙必利、枸橼酸铋钾处理。实验第4周观察胆汁反流性胃炎胃黏膜病理形态和应用放免法测定血浆ET和CGRP含量。结果 F组可见黏膜下层充血水肿，胃小凹增生，肠上皮化生，炎性细胞浸润等，而A组和B组胃黏膜组织形态显著改善。F组电镜观察到胃黏膜细胞问的紧密连接受损，线粒体肿胀，粗面内质网扩张，微绒毛变短或丢失，A组和B组的超微结构明显的改善。A组和B组血浆ET明显低于E组（P〈0．01）。A组和B组血浆CGRP明显高于E组（P〈0．01）。结论 清热理气冲剂可以减轻胃黏膜损伤，通过影响血浆ET和CGRP相关肽含量而达到治疗BRG目的。     

裸花紫珠颗粒联合替硝唑、头孢呋辛钠治疗慢性盆腔炎患者的疗效评价

目的分析裸花紫珠颗粒联合替硝唑氯化钠注射液、头孢呋辛钠抗菌药物治疗慢性盆腔炎(CPID)患者的临床效果。方法选取2017年1月~2018年12月某院CPID患者126例,随机分为研究组(n=63)与对照组(n=63),对照组予以替硝唑氯化钠注射液、头孢呋辛钠治疗,研究组在对照组基础上加用裸花紫珠颗粒。对比两组疗效、临床症状改善时间(发热、白带异常、下腹痛)及治疗前后血清炎性因子水平[白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)]变化。结果研究组总有效率92.06%(58/63)较对照组79.37%(50/63)高(P<0.05);研究组发热、白带异常、下腹痛改善时间较对照组短(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组血清IL-1β、MCP-1水平较对照组低(P<0.05)。结论裸花紫珠颗粒联合替硝唑氯化钠注射液、头孢呋辛钠抗菌药物治疗CPID患者效果显著,可减轻炎症反应,改善患者临床症状。     

小儿伤科泡腾颗粒对闭合性骨折模型大鼠治疗效果研究

目的对比分析小儿伤科汤剂与小儿伤科泡腾颗粒对闭合性骨折模型大鼠的治疗效果。方法选取45只幼年雄性SD大鼠作为研究对象,利用骨折器建立大鼠胫骨闭合性骨折模型。根据随机数字表原则,将模型大鼠随机分为对照组、汤剂组和颗粒组,每组15只。所有大鼠手法复位固定后,对照组大鼠采用温开水灌胃作为对照,汤剂组大鼠采用小儿伤科汤剂灌胃治疗,颗粒组大鼠采用小儿伤科泡腾颗粒灌胃治疗。分别在治疗14 d、28 d、35 d时,每组处死5只大鼠,采集腹主动脉血检测血清钙、血清磷、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)指标,同时对患肢进行X摄片检查骨折愈合情况,以Lane-Sandhu X射线评分标准评价骨缺损修复情况。结果治疗14 d时,三组大鼠血清钙、血清磷、血清ALP指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗35 d时,汤剂组和颗粒组大鼠血清钙指标低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但汤剂组和颗粒组大鼠比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗28 d、35 d时,汤剂组和颗粒组大鼠血清ALP高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但汤剂组和颗粒组大鼠比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗14 d时,三组大鼠Lane-Sandhu评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗28 d、35 d时,汤剂组和颗粒组大鼠Lane-Sandhu评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但汤剂组和颗粒组大鼠Lane-Sandhu评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论小儿伤科汤剂与小儿伤科泡腾颗粒治疗闭合性骨折模型大鼠效果相当。     

Dual Differentiation in Small Cell Carcinoma (Oat Cell Carcinoma) of the Lung

Two cases of small cell “undifferentiated” carcinoma (oat cell carcinoma) of the lung with dual neurosecretory and squamous differentiation are reported. One was treated with various regimens of chemotherapy and radiotherapy; the other was untreated at the time of biopsy. By electron microscopy, the same tumor cells showed membrane-bound, dense-core, neurosecretory-type granules and bundles of tonofibrils denoting squamous differentiation. This dual differentiation underlies the difficulty of ascribing an exclusively neural histogenesis to small cell carcinomas with neurosecretory-type granules. It is possible that entoderm-associated neuroectodermal tumors develop features of autochthonous entodermal tumors as a result of microenvironmental influences. An alternative hypothesis would be that small cell tumors are derived from basal reserve bronchoepithelial cells with pluripotentialities.     

Crystal-Deficient Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma

Classically, ultrastructural examination of alveolar soft part sarcoma reveals large, dramatic, rhomboid to needlelike crystals with a characteristic substructure. In this study of four cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma, only two exhibited large crystals, which were rare. All four cases, however, exhibited round, electron-dense granules, and in the two cases without large crystals these granules rarely exhibited elongation with the characteristic substructure of alveolar soft part sarcoma that permits definitive diagnosis. Two of these cases had been previously studied at other institutions, where crystals were not identified ultrastructurally and electron microscopy was considered noncontributory. Large crystals, then, may be rare or absent in alveolar soft part sarcoma. Careful search may be necessary to find granules with the characteristic periodic substructure.     

Paclitaxel-induced stress granules increase LINE-1 mRNA stability to promote drug resistance in breast cancer cells

Abnormal expression of long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) has been implicated in drug resistance, while our previous study showed that chemotherapy drug paclitaxel (PTX) increased LINE-1 level with unknown mechanism. Bioinformatics analysis suggested the regulation of LINE-1 mRNA by drug-induced stress granules (SGs). This study aimed to explore whether and how SGs are involved in drug-induced LINE-1 increase and thereby promotes drug resistance of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. We demonstrated that SGs increased LINE-1 expression by recruiting and stabilizing LINE-1 mRNA under drug stress, thereby adapting TNBC cells to chemotherapy drugs. Moreover, LINE-1 inhibitor efavirenz (EFV) could inhibit drug-induced SG to destabilize LINE-1. Our study provides the first evidence of the regulation of LINE-1 by SGs that could be an important survival mechanism for cancer cells exposed to chemotherapy drugs. The findings provide a useful clue for developing new chemotherapeutic strategies against TNBCs.     

养胃颗粒联合四联疗法治疗Hp阳性慢性胃炎的疗效

目的探讨养胃颗粒联合四联抗菌法治疗Hp阳性慢性胃炎的疗效及其安全性。方法选取2018年12月至2019年12月Hp相关性慢性胃炎患者120例,按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组给予四联疗法,观察组给予养胃颗粒联合四联疗法,比较两组患者治疗有效率、Hp根除率、血液指标变化及不良反应情况。结果观察组临床治疗总有效率、Hp根除率、血清GAS水平、血清PGⅠ水平和PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论养胃颗粒联合四联抗菌法治疗Hp阳性慢性胃炎的临床效果更优越,能显著提高Hp根除率,并可以减少消化道不良反应和肝损病例。