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41.
Introduction
The Rural and Urban Marginal Health Service (SERUMS) is a mandatory program at the end of the medical career in Peru. The promotional grade point average (PPP) and the national medical examination (ENAM) grades are used when awarding places.Materials and methods
An analytical, retrospective study was conducted using the registration of SERUMS in the processes between 2008 and 2015. The differential between the ENAM and PPP grades was evaluated, by an adjudication process and according to the origin of the university. Association statistics were obtained.Results
From the 21,296 evaluated, the range of grades of the final average in the Peruvian universities was 10.3-12.7 (PPP: 12.7-14.0 and ENAM: 9.3-12.3). In Cubans it was 5.5-12.9 (PPP: 16.9-18.3 and ENAM: 0.0-10.1), in Bolivians it was 3.6-11.2 (PPP: 12.0-13.2 and ENAM: 0.0-10.3), and in other foreign universities it was 4.2-11.7 (PPP: 13.6-17.1 and ENAM: 0.0-10, 6). When calculating the ENAM-PPP differential, a statistically significant discrepancy (P < .001) was found in all cases, and depending on the type of university.Conclusions
There are statistically significant differences between the final grades of the PPPs and the ENAM according to the origin of the university. This could create inequity in choosing a place in the SERUMS, and could suggest that the acquisition of knowledge models are different, which should be evaluated in order to study their impact during the SERUMS. 相似文献42.
Objective
To describe the scientific production in medical education in Latin America in Scopus, in the period 2011-2015.Methods
Bibliometric cross-sectional study. A search of scientific papers for the period 2011-2015 was carried out in Scopus, using terms related to medical education and specifying that at least one author should be affiliated with a Latin American country. Each paper was reviewed to select original papers that have studied medical education topics. Finally, its features were recorded and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2010.Results
In the period 2011 - 2015, a total of 850 original medical education papers were published with authors from Latin America in Scopus, of which 49.1% had an author from Brazil. The number of publications per year was stationary. The most frequent study population were medical students (54.0%). The most frequent topic was the evaluation of competences (30.7%). Of the papers found, 21.1% were of international collaboration, but there was little (4.1%) collaboration with authors from other Latin American countries.Conclusions
Research in medical education in Latin America in the period 2011-2015 is still deficient and stationary. The main topic was the assessment of competences, while the most frequent studied population were medical students. International collaboration was low, and collaboration among Latin American countries was lower than collaboration with countries outside Latin America. 相似文献43.
Grechenig W Fellinger M Fankhauser F Weiglein AH 《Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA》1999,21(5):347-350
Summary Up to 30% of all operative procedures in orthopaedic surgery are performed arthroscopically. Because of the steadily increasing number of residents, it seems to be difficult both to maintain high standards and to guarantee an adequate training in arthroscopic surgery. However, in contrast to many other surgical techniques it is possible to learn and practice arthroscopy using artificial models and cadaver joints, provided that experienced surgeons and anatomists act as supervisors and instructors. The aim of this paper is to assess practice models and training programs which should guarantee sufficient practical experience during the training period.
Modèle d'apprentissage et d'entraînement à la chirurgie sous arthroscopie
Résumé Jusqu'à 30% de toutes les techniques opératories en chirurgie orthopédique sont réalisées sous arthroscopie. En raison du nombre croissant de résidents, il semble difficile de maintenir à la fois le haut niveau de formation et de garantir un entraînement adéquat à la chirurgie sous arthroscopie. Toutefois, contrairement à de nombreuses autres techniques chirurgicales, il est possible d'apprendre à pratiquer l'arthroscopie en utilisant des modèles artificiels ou des articulations de cadavres, dans la mesure où des chirurgiens et des anatomistes expérimentés agissent comme enseignants et tuteurs. Le but de ce travail était d'évaluer les modèles pratiques et les programmes d'entraînement pouvant garantir une expérience pratique suffisante durant la période d'apprentissage.相似文献
44.
Carlos Guillen-Astete Iria Miguens-Blanco Miguel Zamorano-Serrano Elena Machin-Muñoz Paloma Gallego-Rodríguez Cristina de-la-Casa-Resino 《Educación Médica》2019
Introduction
The care activity of internal resident doctors is common to practically all medical and surgical training programs; however, there are no national data available regarding the situation of this activity from the perspective of the resident. The present study has sought to collect the opinion of the resident internal physicians on the health care performance and the teaching character that links them to their corresponding emergency departments, in the following areas: overall training value, appreciation of the workload, characteristics of the morning rotation, supervision or tutoring, etc.Method
The study was performed using a questionnaire that was distributed at the national level through the network of representatives of the SEMES-MIR group of the Spanish Society of Emergency and Emergency Medicine.Results
A total of 1083 questionnaires were collected from 38 hospitals, corresponding to a response rate of 28%. The most significant educational contribution was the general knowledge about emergency medical care and the interpretation of complementary tests, while the less significant were aspects related to pharmacoeconomics, sustainability and cost-benefit of medical and non-medical processes related to medicine Emergency. As for the burden of care during a day of continuous care, the first year residents saw a mean of 12.3 patients) (SD 2.2), the second and third year 18.1 (SD 2.2), and the older residents 14.5 (SD 2.4). Less than half (44%) of the respondents identified their supervision model as «direct», while 37.2% identified it as «semi-pyramidal». A minority (14.2%) of respondents acknowledged having been encouraged to undertake scientific activities related to emergency medicine.Conclusions
The results of this questionnaire should serve as a basis for the future planning of new models of teaching and care for residents and emergency services, as well as to stratify the priorities of attention to the relationship between emergency services and resident physicians. 相似文献45.
The core curriculum in the education of medical informaticians remains a topic of concern and discussion. This paper reports on a survey of medical informaticians with Master's level credentials that asked about computer science (CS) topics or skills that they need in their employment. All subjects were graduates or "near-graduates" of a single medical informatics Master's program that they entered with widely varying educational backgrounds. The survey instrument was validated for face and content validity prior to use. All survey items were rated as having some degree of importance in the work of these professionals, with retrieval and analysis of data from databases, database design and web technologies deemed most important. Least important were networking skills and object-oriented design and concepts. These results are consistent with other work done in the field and suggest that strong emphasis on technical skills, particularly databases, data analysis, web technologies, computer programming and general computer science are part of the core curriculum for medical informatics. 相似文献
46.
丁新胜 《中国健康心理学杂志》2005,13(5):359-361
目的 从微观层面探讨归因、自我效能感、教育观念、人格因素对教师心理健康的影响。方法 使用《教师心理健康问卷》和CPSQ人格问卷》进行问卷调查。结果 能力和努力归因对教师心理健康有正向的预测作用;任务难度和运气归因对教师心理健康有负向的预测作用。工作效能和创造效能对教师心理健康都有正向的预测作用。成功教育、挫折教育和主动探索的教育观念对教师的心理健康都是正向的预测作用。神经质分数低的教师出现心理问题的几率不大;趋向于外向、开放、随和以及尽职尽责的教师,心理健康水平较高。结论 归因、自我效能感、教育观念、人格因素对教师心理健康都有程度不同的影响。 相似文献
47.
教育心理学和教学效益相关性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
陈峰 《中国健康心理学杂志》2005,13(1):1-3
本研究在罗马尼亚Oradea大学医药学院进行,始于1998年,结束于2003年。研究的出发点为该学院的学生们提出不少的教师,包括一些国内外知名的学者和医生,因缺乏教育心理学知识,不能很好地理解学生,组织教学和传授知识。因此,本研究设置了问卷调查,学院向教员开设了教育心理学课程(1998年10月~1999年7月),与学生和教师座谈,统计并比较学生的考试成绩,特别地跟踪研究全国年度(1999年~2003年)医学证书汇考结果。研究结果客观地证实了教育心理学能够提高学习(工作)效益和成果,因为教育心理学知识使得教师(和医师)更好地与学生(或病人)沟通、理解和组织、合作。 相似文献
48.
Nisselle AE Delatycki MB Collins V Metcalfe S Aitken MA du Sart D Halliday J Macciocca I Wakefield A Hill V Gason A Warner B Calabro V Williamson R Allen KJ 《Clinical genetics》2004,65(5):358-367
There is debate as to whether community genetic screening for the mutation(s) causing hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) should be implemented, due to issues including disease penetrance, health economic outcomes, and concerns about community acceptance. Hemochromatosis is a common preventable iron overload disease, due in over 90% of cases to C282Y homozygosity in the HFE gene. We are, therefore, piloting C282Y screening to assess understanding of genetic information and screening acceptability in the workplace setting. In this program, HaemScreen, education was by oral or video presentation in a group setting. C282Y status was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and melt-curve analysis on DNA obtained by cheek-brush sampling. Of eligible participants, 5.8% (1.5-15.8%) attended information and screening sessions, of whom 97.7% (5571 individuals) chose to be tested. Twenty-two C282Y (1 : 253) homozygotes were identified and offered clinical follow-up. There were 638 heterozygotes (1 : 8.7). The determinants for participation have been analyzed in terms of the principles outlined in the Health Belief Model. Widespread screening for HH is readily accepted in a workplace setting, and a one-to-many education program is effective. The level of participation varies greatly and the advertizing and session logistics should be adapted to the specific features of each workplace. 相似文献
49.
50.
目的探索老年患者日间手术全程质量管理模式。方法通过医院病历系统采集2015年-2020年应用老年患者日间手术全程质量管理模式前后患者信息,进行对比分析。结果老年患者应用日间手术全程质量管理模式后,≥65岁老年患者日间手术人数逐年上升,占比从13.52%上升至18.62%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.450,P=0.011);日间手术住院时间>5 d的比例从0.72%下降至0.50%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=338.088,P<0.001);不良事件发生率从3.77‰下降至1.56‰,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.156,P=0.023),其中严重不良事件发生率从2.08‰下降至0.35‰,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.019,P=0.008)。结论应用日间手术全程质量管理模式能够有效提高老年患者日间手术的安全性,值得借鉴与推广。 相似文献