复方小柴胡汤对荷瘤小鼠NK细胞功能的影响

目的 探讨复方小柴胡汤(XCHT)对EAC荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能的影响.方法 用3种不同浓度的复方小柴胡汤对EAC荷瘤小鼠灌胃10 d,观察其肿瘤生长情况以及用乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测NK细胞的活性.结果 高、中和低浓度组NK细胞活性分别为(44.21±3.10)%,(51.09±4.94)%和(37.30±2.02)%,与空白对照组(31.26±2.79)%比较,NK细胞活性升高(P＜0.05),而阴性对照组(26.90±1.84)%NK细胞活性显著降低(P＜0.05);高、中和低浓度组的肿瘤质量为(300.6±48.9)mg,(226.5±36.4)mg和(445.9±60.2)mg,与阴性对照组(661.5±102.8)mg比较,均能抑制肿瘤的生长(P＜0.05),其中以中浓度组效果最为明显.结论 经过复方小柴胡汤灌胃的EAC荷瘤小鼠NK细胞活性均升高,3种不同浓度的复方小柴胡汤均使肿瘤生长减慢.     

Mechanism of inhibition of DNA synthesis in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells by diazoacetyl glycine-amide

Treatment of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing mice with DGA, the amide of diazoacetyl-glycine, leads to an inhibition of labelled thymidine incorporation into DNA of the tumour cells. This inhibition is not due to impairment of the nucleoside transport into the cell or to a modification in the activity of thymidine kinase. A possible explanation of the DGA effects resides in its partial inhibition of DNA polymerase and in its ability to alter the template activity of native DNA.     

Receptors for sheep erythrocytes (E) and erythrocyte-antibody-complement complexes (EAC) on the lymphoblasts of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Two cell-surface markers, rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E-rosette) as a T-cell marker and rosette formation with bovine erythrocyte-antibody-complement complex (EAC-rosette) as a B-cell marker were determined on peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymphoblasts from normal and 89 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In the majority of the patients (12/15 untreated patients and 6/11 patients in relapse), lymphoblasts exhibited neither E- nor EAC-rosette formation. Lymphoblasts from one untreated patient with mediastinal mass displayed E-(50%) and EAC-rosette formation (15%). In 3 of 11 patients in relapse, lymphoblasts displayed an increase in EAC-rosette formation with progressive disease. In the remaining patients with active disease, a small and variable proportion of lymphoblasts expressed E and/or EAC-rosette formation. In 63 patients in remission, percentages of E- and/or EAC-rosette were similar (p > 0.05) to those of control. The results indicate a wide heterogeneity with respect to expression of lymphocyte membrane markers in lymphoblasts and in normal lymphocytes in patients with active ALL.     

Sample size requirement in analytical studies for similarity assessment

ABSTRACT

For the assessment of biosimilar products, the FDA recommends a stepwise approach for obtaining the totality-of-the-evidence for assessing biosimilarity between a proposed biosimilar product and its corresponding innovative biologic product. The stepwise approach starts with analytical studies for assessing similarity in critical quality attributes (CQAs), which are relevant to clinical outcomes at various stages of the manufacturing process. For CQAs that are the most relevant to clinical outcomes, the FDA requires an equivalence test be performed for similarity assessment based on an equivalence acceptance criterion (EAC) that is obtained using a single test value of some selected reference lots. In practice, we often have extremely imbalanced numbers of reference and test lots available for the establishment of EAC. In this case, to assist the sponsors, the FDA proposed an idea for determining the number of reference lots and the number of test lots required in order not to have imbalanced sample sizes when establishing EAC for the equivalence test based on extensive simulation studies. Along this line, this article not only provides statistical justification of Dong, Tsong, and Weng’s proposal, but also proposes an alternative method for sample size requirement for the Tier 1 equivalence test.     

Seasonal Variation of Phyto-Constituents of Tea Leaves Affects Antiproliferative Potential

Objective: Tea (Camellia sinensis Linn.; family: Theaceae) is popular as a stimulant beverage across the globe and is also utilized as a functional antioxidant in alternative medicine. This study has evaluated the impact of seasonal variation on phyto-constituents of tea.

Method: The antiproliferative potential of methanolic extracts of tea leaves collected in the rainy season (MECR) was compared with the extract of tea leaves collected in the autumn season (MECA) of the same mother plant. Evaluation of in vivo antitumor activity was carried out in adult female Swiss albino mice groups inoculated with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to compare efficacy of MECR with that of MECA in the EAC cell line. Both qualitative and quantitative tests for phytochemical constituents present in MECA and MECR were performed. Antitumor efficacy of both the extracts was determined by evaluating different tumor markers showing dose-dependent cytotoxicity.

Results: Statistically significant reduction in EAC-induced tumor was observed in MECR treated mice compared to MECA treated ones. Cell decimation was significantly higher with MECR treatment, where restoration of different parameters including tissue structures returned to normal. Moreover, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) study revealed the presence of cyclobarbital and benzazulene derivative in MECR, which is thought to be a novel source of these chemicals.

Conclusions: To our knowledge, there is no report that has attempted to reveal nutritional changes in terms of efficacy and variation in anticancer constituents in tea leaves, plucked in two seasons. This study revealed a novel source of barbital and benzazulene derivative. The unique presence of cyclobarbital and benzazulene, as revealed from GC-MS data, in methanolic extract of tea leaves collected during the rainy season (MECR) may have contributed to its enhanced in vitro (adopting MTT assay) and in vivo (on EAC-infected Swiss albino mice) cytotoxicity vis-à-vis antiproliferative properties compared to methanolic extract of tea leaves collected during the autumn season (MECA). The nature of plucking leaves in the two selected seasons is different.     

洛沙坦抗小鼠艾氏腹水癌的作用

目的 :观察洛沙坦 (losartan)对抗小鼠艾氏腹水癌 (EAC)的作用。方法 :采用昆明种小鼠 ,随机分组进行实验 ,分别观察洛沙坦对体内艾氏腹水癌实体瘤的抑瘤率和艾氏腹水癌生存期延长率的作用 ,并与 5 FU和生理盐水对照。结果 :洛沙坦 (1 2 .5mg·kg- 1 )对小鼠体内艾氏腹水癌实体瘤有显著的抑瘤作用 ,抑瘤率达 46.3 % ,阳性对照药 5 FU(5mg·kg- 1 )的抑瘤率为 3 1 .5 % ;但洛沙坦对艾氏腹水癌生存期延长率无明显影响 ,阳性对照药 5 FU(5mg·kg- 1 )生存期延长率为 42 .9%。结论 :洛沙坦对动物移植性肿瘤艾氏腹水癌 (EAC)的实体瘤有显著的抑瘤作用 ,但对腹水癌无提高生存期延长率的作用 ,推测其抗肿瘤作用可能是通过抑制肿瘤血管生长而发挥作用。     

银杏叶聚戊烯醇抗癌作用的初步研究

目的 :研究银杏叶 (FoliumGinkgo)提取物—聚戊烯醇 (PolyprenolsGP 1 )的抗肿瘤作用。方法 :采用动物抗移植性肿瘤实验方法。结果 :1 0 0mg/kg的聚戊烯醇对移植性肝癌Heps和肉瘤S1 80 的实验抑制率分别为 49 1 3 %和 46 53% ,40 0mg/kg的聚戊烯醇对艾氏癌EC抑制率为 49 65 % (P <0 0 1 )。银杏叶聚戊烯醇对艾氏腹水癌EAC小鼠无明显延长寿命作用。结论 :银杏叶聚戊烯醇有良好的抗肿瘤作用 ,应进行深入研究