多模态MRI对子宫内膜癌诊断及病理分型临床应用价值

目的 探讨多模态MRI对子宫内膜癌诊断及病理分型临床价值.方法 选取我院80例子宫内膜癌疑似患者,均行多模态MRI检查,以分段诊断性刮宫病理结果为金标准计算多模态MRI诊断子宫内膜癌的漏误诊率、灵敏/特异度及病理分型敏感特异性,建立接受者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析多模态MRI诊断子宫内膜癌的效能,对比不同类型患者的表观...     

Reliability and criterion validity of two-dimensional movement assessments in those with patellofemoral pain

ObjectivesDetermine criterion validity and intra/inter-rater reliability of 2-dimensional (2D) knee frontal plane projection angle (kFPPA), hip frontal plane projection angle (hFPPA), and dynamic valgus index (DVI) during forward step-downs in those with patellofemoral pain (PFP).DesignCross-sectional.SettingUniversity research laboratory.Participants39 participants with PFP (34.18 ± 7.41years, 170± .1 cm, 81.03 ± 19.36 kg, duration of pain: 68.67 ± 85.08months, anterior knee pain scale: 80.49 ± 7.87, visual analog scale:2.08 ± 2.02)Main outcome measuresAverage 3D hip and knee sagittal, frontal, and transverse joint angles and 2D kFPPA, hFPPA, and DVI at maximum knee flexion were variables of interest. 3D DVI was calculated as the sum of hip and knee frontal and transverse angles. 2D kFPPA, hFPPA, and DVI were calculated by two raters independently on two occasions.ResultsIntra- and inter-rater reliability of all 2D angles were excellent. kFPPA was moderately correlated to 3D knee transverse angles. hFPPA was moderately correlated to 3D hip frontal and transverse angles and largely correlated to 3D DVI. 2D DVI was moderately correlated to hip transverse angles.ConclusionkFPPA, hFPPA, and DVI are reliable. hFPPA may be reflective of 3D hip and knee frontal and transverse motion during forward step-downs in those with PFP.     

Effects of anteriorly-loaded treadmill walking on dynamic gait stability in young adults

BackgroundAnteriorly-loaded walking is common in many occupations and may increase fall risk. Dynamic gait stability, defined by the Feasible Stability Region (FSR) theory, quantifies the kinematic relationship between the body’s center of mass (COM) and base of support (BOS). FSR-based dynamic gait stability has been used to evaluate the fall risk.Research questionHow does front load carriage affect dynamic gait stability, step length, and trunk angle among young adults during treadmill walking?MethodsIn this between-subject design study, 30 healthy young adults were evenly randomized into three load groups (0%, 10%, or 20% of body weight). Participants carried their assigned load while walking on a treadmill at a speed of 1.2 m/s. Body kinematics were collected during treadmill walking. Dynamic gait stability (the primary variable) was calculated for two gait events: touchdown and liftoff. Step length and trunk angle were measured as secondary variables. One-way analysis of variance was conducted to detect any group-related differences for all variables. Post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction was performed when main group differences were found.ResultsNo significant differences but medium to large effect sizes were found between groups for dynamic gait stability at touchdown (p = 0.194, η² = 0.114) and liftoff (p = 0.122, η² = 0.139). Trunk angle significantly increased (indicating backward lean) with the front load at touchdown (p < 0.001, η² = 0.648) and liftoff (p < 0.001, η² = 0.543). No significant between-group difference was found related to the step length (p = 0.344, η² = 0.076).SignificanceCarrying a front load during walking significantly alters the trunk orientation and may change the COM-BOS kinematic relationship and, therefore, fall risk. The findings could inform the design of future studies focusing on the impact of anterior load carriage on fall risk during different locomotion.     

Wallis棘突间动态稳定装置治疗腰椎退行性疾病

目的:评价Wallis装置治疗腰椎退行性疾病的初步临床疗效。方法:对2007年8月至2010年6月接受Wallis棘突间动态稳定装置治疗的48例腰椎退行性疾病患者进行回顾性分析,男30例,女18例;年龄40～68岁,平均54.2岁。单节段病变44例,双节段病变4例;其中L3,44例,L4,540例,L3,4和L4,5双节段4例。采用JOA、Oswestry评分标准进行疼痛及功能评价,采用Odom方法进行疗效评估,并摄X线片进行影像学评估。结果:48例均获随访,时间12～24个月,平均18个月。采用Odom评估标准:优20例,良24例,可4例。JOA评分由术前的(12.4±2.7)分增加到术后12个月的(26.1±2.0)分(P<0.01);Oswestry疼痛功能障碍指数由术前的(14.1±2.9)分降至术后12个月的(5.5±1.8)分(P<0.01)。腰椎侧位X线片显示神经根管高度和椎间隙后高度术前与术后12个月比较均有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论:Wallis棘突间动态稳定装置可较好地维持相应节段的动态稳定,扩大椎管容积,安全可行,近期疗效满意。     

硬膜外间隙辅助定位方法的研究进展

背景 硬膜外阻滞作为临床常用麻醉技术,是麻醉与镇痛的重要组成部分,而硬膜外穿刺置管仍普遍采用盲探性操作方法,麻醉效果及并发症仅靠注药后显示及主观经验评判,限制了硬膜外穿刺技术的应用与发展.目的 寻求建立可视微创、安全有效、先进可控的硬膜外阻滞新方法.内容 综述硬膜外间隙辅助定位方法.趋向 近年来,虽然辅助硬膜外隙穿刺置管定位的设备与技术不断更新,但大多因设备复杂或费用昂贵等原因临床实用性不强,简单、易行、客观的硬膜外腔监测技术是麻醉同道共同寻求的目标.     

多层CT动脉期扫描对典型肝海绵状血管瘤的诊断及减少患者辐射量的价值研究

目的探讨肝脏典型海绵状血管瘤动脉期诊断及减少患者辐射损伤的价值。方法应用多层CT平扫加三期动态扫描,对108例临床证实为肝海绵状血管瘤的病例进行回顾性总结分析。结果 108例患者,平扫共发现123个实性占位。其中84例患者,111个病灶在增强扫描中,动脉期表现典型的边缘结节状、小点状及花簇状高密度强化。门脉期及延时期造影剂进一步向病灶中心扩散。另24例患者平扫后,肝脏病灶动脉期未表现典型的边缘强化特征,后经常规三期扫描,病灶被缓慢充填强化并略高于同层肝脏实质密度或与同层肝实质等密度。平扫加动脉早期扫描,患者接受辐射剂量为645.5 mGy;平扫加动态三期扫描患者共接受辐射剂量为1 291.00 mGy。结论典型的肝脏海绵状血管瘤可于动脉早期明确诊断而无需进一步门脉期及延时期扫描,动脉期强化不典型者可按常规三期扫描,既节省检查时间同时也减少一半的辐射剂量对患者的损伤。     

动态CT扫描联合TCD检查预测外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者预后

目的动态CT扫描联合TCD预测外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血（tSAH）患者预后。方法对155例外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者给予动态CT扫描及TCD监测脑血流,6个月后行GOS评分（预后评分）。结果CT扫描tSAH出血量多、Hidjra分型13分以上、出血部位位于颅底大血管周围（外侧裂池、基底池、鞍上池、环池、四叠体池）,合并明显颅内损伤,颅内压较高及TCD监测的大脑中动脉血流明显增快者GOS评分低,预后较差。结论tSAH患者动态CT表现严重、TCD血流增速明显者,预后差。     

改良髋前外侧入路与髋外侧入路治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效比较

目的比较老年股骨粗隆间骨折行改良髋前外侧入路与常规髋外侧入路的疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年2月-2010年2月收治的61例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者临床资料,其中34例采用经改良髋关节前外侧弧形切口加动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)固定(改良组),27例采用常规髋外侧切口加DHS固定(常规组)。两组患者性别、年龄、致伤原因、Evans分型、合并症、受伤至入院时间、髋关节Harris评分等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术。改良组手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数、引流量、住院时间及负重天数均显著少于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者均获随访,随访时间12～24个月,平均18.7个月。患者骨折均获骨性愈合,改良组和常规组骨折愈合时间分别为(11.64±1.28)周和(12.29±1.12)周,比较差异无统计学意义(t=2.15,P=0.15)。术后3、6、12个月两组Harris评分均显著优于术前(P<0.05),术后各时间点间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);改良组术后各时间点Harris评分均优于常规组(P<0.05)。两组切口感染、肢体短缩、髋内翻畸形愈合、主钉切出股骨头、内固定松动发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但改良组总并发症发生率优于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用改良髋前外侧入路手术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折,能达到充分暴露,并能减少肌肉损伤,降低手术风险,配合术后早期功能锻炼能尽快恢复髋关节功能。     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效及对围术期失血量的影响

目的比较股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)和动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效及围术期失血量。方法选择股骨转子间骨折患者54例,根据手术治疗方法不同分为PFNA组28例和DHS组26例,观察两组患者手术时间、失血量(术中失血量、术后总引流量及隐性失血量)、骨折愈合时间、髋关节功能及并发症等。结果 PFNA组手术时间(66.1±7.4)min,DHS组手术时间(85.6±9.2)min;PFNA组骨折愈合时间(10.5±2.1)周,DHS组骨折愈合时间(13.8±2.5)周,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后6个月,PFNA组患者Harris评分明显优于DHS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。DHS组患者术中失血量、术后24 h显性失血量均明显高于PFNA组,而PFNA组患者术后24 h隐性失血量明显高于DHS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PFNA组患者术后并发症发生率为10.7%,低于DHS组的30.8%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PFNA内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折手术时间短、骨折愈合快、并发症少,但术后隐性失血量多,术后应严密监测生命体征。     

DCE MRI与DWl单用和联合应用诊断肌骨系统良恶性病变的特异性与准确度

【摘要】 目的 探讨磁共振动态对比增强(DCE MR)和弥散加权成像(DWI)诊断肌骨系统良恶性病变的特异性与准确度。方法 选取经病理确诊的肌骨肿瘤患者80例,依照确诊结果分为恶性组35例和良性组45例。采用DCE MR和DWI分别对患者的ADC、时间 信号强度曲线(TIC)等参数进行分析,对比两种方法联用及单独使用对肌骨系统良恶性病变诊断的特异性、敏感度及准确度。 结果 恶性组的ADC值、SEE值及Slope均显著高于良性组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。通过ROC曲线绘制得出ADC最佳诊断阈值为115.43×105m2·s1。两组间DER值差异不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05)。恶性组中TIC曲线类型III型为主,占总比例的89.1%;良性病变组中TIC曲线I型为主,占总比例的57.7%,两组TIC曲线类型差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。DCE MRI检测敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为87.09%,84.77%,89.02%;DWI检测敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为78.65%,85.01%,81.68%;两者联合检测的敏感度、特异度及准确度均高于单用检测结果,分别为91.33%,94.22%,90.18%。结论 采用DCE MRI以及 DWI进行肌骨系统良恶性病变的诊断与检查具有鉴别价值,联合使用可以提高诊断敏感度、特异性及准确度。