晚期癌症患者年龄、性别因素与症状的关系

目的调查并分析晚期癌症患者年龄、性别因素对症状发生率及强度的影响。方法采用M.D安德森症状评估量表中文版（The Chinese version of the M.D Anderson Symptom Inventory,MDASI-C）对250例晚期癌症住院患者进行调查。使用Logistic回归分析对症状进行检验以确定年龄、性别因素与症状发生率的关系,不同年龄及性别组间的症状强度比较先进行t检验再接受Bonferroni修正。结果疼痛、乏力及胃口差是最常见的症状。低龄组报告有更严重的疼痛、苦恼及悲伤感,以及更轻的健忘与更好的胃口（P＜0.05）;女性则有更严重的恶心症状（P=0.01）。Logistic回归分析显示低龄组发生悲伤感、苦恼、呕吐、疼痛、胃口差、恶心、睡眠不好的风险更高;男性在悲伤感、苦恼、睡眠不安以及胃口差上有更高的发生风险。结论晚期癌症患者在症状发生率及强度上存在着年龄与性别的差异,对其认识有助于理解症状的病理生理学特征及促进更加个体化的姑息治疗。     

磁共振功能成像诊断中央区前列腺癌的临床应用价值探讨

目的探讨磁共振功能成像（fMRI）在中央区前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析20例经临床、病理检查证实为中央区前列腺癌患者的术前MRI图像,包括T2WI、动态对比增强MRI（DCE-MRI）、扩散加权成像（DWI）及表观扩散系数（ADC）,从而得到中央区前列腺癌的影像特征,计算fMRI在中央区前列腺癌检测中的准确率。结果20例患者前列腺中央区显示完整,fMRI共提示恶性病灶26个,24个与临床病理诊断相符合,其中9个病灶与外周带界限不清,另外2个病灶与病理诊断不符合。1例患者病理检查提示侵犯外周带而MRI显示不明显。MRI功能成脉对中央区前列腺癌诊断准确率92.31%。结论fMRI能显示前列腺中央区,并能对中央区前列腺癌作出较为准确的诊断,为临床治疗方案的选择提供理论依据。     

不同载荷环境对去势大鼠骨组织形态计量学的影响

背景: 采用动态无损伤加载系统对去势大鼠骨组织形态计量学研究的文献报道较少。 目的：观察不同强度力学加载对去势大鼠骨组织形态计量学参数的影响。 设计、时间及地点：对比观察骨形态计量学指标,于2007-04/08在吉林大学生物医学工程研究室完成。 材料：9月龄雌性SD大鼠35只,随机分为假手术组、去势对照组、去势加载1 N组、去势加载2 N组、去势加载4 N组,每组7只。 方法：将去势对照组和去势加载组大鼠双侧背部卵巢切除,假手术组背部切口除去少量脂肪后,闭合伤口。大鼠去势1周后,去势加载组采用自行研制的动态无损加载系统对大鼠胫骨两端开始加载,加载载荷分为1,2,4 N,15 min/d,加载4周。 主要观察指标：胫骨近端骨组织形态计量学参数的变化。 结果：去势加载组骨小梁面积、骨小梁数量、骨小梁厚度均高于去势对照组(P < 0.05,P < 0.01),去势加载4 N组和去势加载2 N组大鼠骨小梁面积、骨小梁厚度高于去势对照组(P < 0.001);去势加载4 N组骨小梁分离度较去势对照组下降 (P < 0.05),随着加载载荷的增加,骨小梁面积、骨小梁数量、骨小梁厚度有增加并接近假手术组的趋势,骨小梁分离度有下降趋势。假手术组单荧光标记表面、双荧光标记表面均低于去势对照组。随着加载载荷的增加,单荧光标记表面、双荧光标记表面、双标间距、骨矿化沉积率均有增加趋势;去势加载2 N组和去势加载4 N组骨矿化沉积率均明显高于去势对照组(P < 0.05)。 结论：在1~4 N范围内,随着加载载荷的增加,去势大鼠各个骨形态计量学参数都有优化的趋势,骨组织微观结构有较大的改善,骨量丢失减少,骨质疏松进程减慢。     

Imaging update on soft tissue sarcoma

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare tumours presenting as soft tissue lumps. Ultrasound is often the primary modality for the initial assessment, with MRI the mainstay for lesion characterisation. PET/CT along with other emerging MRI sequences are used in certain situations as an adjunct and problem solving tool in STS staging and assessment of disease recurrence. Recent advances include the promise of whole body MRI, hybrid PET/MRI, diffusion weighted imaging, dynamic contrast enhanced MRI and advances in artificial intelligence. This article discusses current concepts in extremity STS imaging and highlights recent advances.     

Thalamic deep brain stimulation for Tourette Syndrome: A naturalistic trial with brief randomized,double-blinded sham-controlled periods

BackgroundThere is still a lack of controlled studies to prove efficacy of thalamic deep brain stimulation for Tourette's Syndrome.ObjectivesIn this controlled trial, we investigated the course of tic severity, comorbidities and quality of life during thalamic stimulation and whether changes in tic severity can be assigned to ongoing compared to sham stimulation.MethodsWe included eight adult patients with medically refractory Tourette's syndrome. Bilateral electrodes were implanted in the centromedian-parafascicular-complex and the nucleus ventro-oralis internus. Tic severity, quality of life and comorbidities were assessed before surgery as well as six and twelve months after. Short randomized, double-blinded sham-controlled crossover sequences with either active or sham stimulation were implemented at both six- and twelve-months’ assessments. The primary outcome measurement was the difference in the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale tic score between active and sham stimulation. Adverse events were systematically surveyed for all patients to evaluate safety.ResultsActive stimulation resulted in significantly higher tic reductions than sham stimulation (F = 79.5; p = 0.001). Overall quality of life and comorbidities improved significantly in the open-label-phase. Over the course of the trial two severe adverse events occurred that were resolved without sequelae.ConclusionOur results provide evidence that thalamic stimulation is effective in improving tic severity and overall quality of life. Crucially, the reduction of tic severity was primarily driven by active stimulation. Further research may focus on improving stimulation protocols and refining patient selection to improve efficacy and safety of deep brain stimulation for Tourette's Syndrome.     

新形势下我国科技期刊稿源变化趋势——面向作者和科技期刊编辑的问卷调查与分析

【目的】 分析科技评价体系改革和国家大力扶持期刊发展新形势下我国科技期刊稿源动态变化趋势,助力国内科技期刊加速发展。【方法】 针对作者和科技期刊编辑分别设计了“国内科技期刊作者投稿意愿调查”和“2020年国内科技期刊稿源情况调查”问卷,利用问卷星提供的问卷设计和问卷发放(借助科研、期刊交流微信群)、统计分析等功能完成问卷调查。【结果】 大多数(86.2%)期刊2020年的投稿量比2019年增加,但增加1倍以上的期刊仅占6.4%;大部分期刊稿件平均质量有所提高(49.4%)或基本持平(47.0%)。绝大多数作者比较认可中国科技期刊,但同时对期刊发文速度、审稿质量、传播力度等有越来越高的要求,对期刊服务能力、品牌特色有越来越多的期待。【结论】 科技评价体系改革和国家扶持期刊发展为中国科技期刊发展带来了机遇和挑战,面对作者投稿国内期刊意愿的变化,我国科技期刊应该采取更加积极的应对措施,稳步扩大出版量、优化出版流程以承载更多回流的优秀稿件。     

Sex-discrete role of depressive symptomatology on 10-year first and recurrent cardiovascular disease incidence: results from ATTICA and GREECS prospective studies

ObjectiveThe sex-specific effect of depressive symptomatology on 10-year first and recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events was evaluated.MethodsThe Greek samples from ATTICA (2002-2012, n = 845 free-of-CVD subjects) and GREECS (2004-2014, n = 2,172 subjects with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)) prospective epidemiological studies with baseline psychological assessments were used for the first and the recurrent event, respectively. Depressive symptomatology was assessed at baseline, through Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale in the ATTICA study, and through the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale in the GREECS study.ResultsACS as well as free-of-CVD women scored significantly higher for depressive symptomatology. Men scored higher than women against first (19.7% vs. 11.7%) and subsequent CVD events (38.8% vs. 32.9%). In participants with depressive symptoms man-to-woman first and recurrent CVD event rate ratio was below 1, confirming that depressive women were more likely to have a CVD event than depressive men. Multiadjusted analysis revealed that depressive symptomatology had an independent aggravating effect on the first (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.72, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.50, 9.12) and recurrent (HR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.01, 1.69) CVD events only in women. Mediation analysis in women revealed that 35% (23%, 44%) of excess first-CVD-event risk of depressive symptoms was attributed to conventional risk factors. The respective number for recurrent CVD events was 46% (23%, 53%); different patterns of ranking regarding the mediating effect corresponding to each adjustment factor were observed.ConclusionsThe present work augments prior evidence that psychological stressors possess important drivers of CVD onset and progression mainly in women, while it gives rise to research toward unidentified paths behind this claim.     

Investigation of Solid Dosage Form Components Interaction Using Orthogonal Techniques- Discovery of New Forms of Sodium Stearyl Fumarate

Physical or chemical interactions between drug product (DP) components can occur during manufacturing and/or upon storage; and may alter DP shelf life and performance. In this work a new Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) peak was observed in DP under accelerated storage conditions. Due to the complex drug product matrix (including API, polymer, fillers, super disintegrant and lubricant), it was challenging to pinpoint the component(s) responsible for the new peak. In addition to PXRD, other orthogonal techniques including Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SSNMR) and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy were employed in this investigation to understand the root cause mechanistically. Specifically, multi nuclei SSNMR (¹H, ²³Na, ¹³C) was instrumental in delineating the components of the matrix. We identified the root cause to be an acid base reaction occurring in the DP, whereby sodium ion in sodium stearyl fumarate (SSF) is replaced by proton leading to SSF form conversion. We also identified commercially available SSF to be a hydrate that can dehydrate to an anhydrous form upon heating. In general, the same techniques can be used to investigate interactions of any multi component solid dosage forms.     

Using the cardiac depression scale in men recovering from coronary artery bypass surgery

Aims. To examine the utility and validate the use of the Cardiac Depression Scale in patients who had first‐time coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Background. The Beck Depression Inventory, though frequently used, may not be sufficiently sensitive for use in cardiac patients. The Cardiac Depression Scale has been shown to identify the range of depression in medical cardiac patients. Design. Survey. Methods. The Beck Depression Inventory and Cardiac Depression Scale were administered to 120 men at hospital discharge, as well as six, 12 and 36 weeks postoperatively. Cronbach’s α scores were calculated for the measures at each point. Changes in scores over time were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Associations between the measures scores were calculated using Pearson product–moment correlations. Agreement between the measures’ dichotomised scores (depression/no depression) was examined using Cohen’s Kappa statistic. Results. Internal consistency was similar for the Beck Depression Inventory (0·793–0·904) and Cardiac Depression Scale (0·859–0·910). Depression scores decreased over time with the Beck Depression Inventory [F(2·50, 175·29) = 22·27, p < 0·001] and Cardiac Depression Scale [F(2·68, 190·37) = 13·18, p < 0·001]. The measures had similar power [Cohen’s f = 0·65 (Beck Depression Inventory) and 0·43 (Cardiac Depression Scale)] to reveal changes over time. The continuous scores were highly correlated at each point [0·737 (p < 0·001)–0·819 (p < 0·001)]. However, when dichotomised scores were compared, the chance corrected level of agreement was less impressive [0·198 (p = 0·014)–0·381 (p < 0·001)]. Conclusions. The Cardiac Depression Scale may have utility for use with surgical cardiac patients. However, continued examination of this measure of depression is warranted. Relevance to clinical practice. Given the prevalence of depression and its negative impact on coronary artery disease, it is important to identify even mild depression in cardiac patients. Using a measure of depression specifically for cardiac patients, rather than a generic measure, may best accomplish this goal.     

切开复位动力髋加抗旋螺钉治疗粗隆间粉碎性骨折体会

目的：探讨动力髋加压螺钉（ dynamic hip screw,DHS）结合单枚防旋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法：采用切开复位动力髋螺钉加单枚防旋螺钉治疗60例股骨粗隆间骨折,术后常规抗感染、抗凝等处理。结果：随访60例患者,均无并发症发生,无畸形愈合,无断钉及螺钉切割。结论：动力髋加单枚防旋螺钉仍是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折一种较好的方法,尤其适合基层医院。