铸造粉尘对肺功能影响的研究

目的 探讨铸造粉尘对接尘工人和铸工尘肺患者肺功能的影响。方法 选择Ⅰ期铸工尘肺患者38例、0^ 者22例、有20a以上粉尘接触史而胸部X线改变无异常者85例，进行肺功能测定，并与65名对照进行比较。结果 铸工尘肺患者肺功能各项指标均低于对照组，肺功能损伤程度以轻、中度损伤为主；0^ 和接尘工人小气道功能各项指标低于对照组，肺功能损伤程度以轻度损伤为主。结论 铸造粉尘既可以导致铸工尘肺患者肺功能不同程度的损伤，也可使0^ 和接尘工人肺功能有一定程度的损伤。     

地质勘探作业呼吸性粉尘与尘肺的剂量-反应关系

目的研究地质勘探作业呼吸性粉尘浓度接触阈限值.方法用寿命表法分析地质勘探坑探掘进接尘工人呼吸性粉尘吸入量与尘肺发病的剂量-反应关系.结果地质勘探坑探掘进接尘工人的呼吸性粉尘接触浓度与环境中粉尘浓度的比值为1∶4.6,粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量的平均值为(48±9)%,剂量-反应关系回归方程为Y=3.2506lgX-1.0607.结论地质勘探作业呼吸性粉尘(含游离二氧化硅48%)浓度接触阈限值为0.4696mg/m3.     

广州市某中药制药厂职业危害因素对工人健康的影响

目的了解广州市某制药厂工作场所中的主要生产性危害因素粉尘、噪声、微波等对工人的健康危害状况。方法采用现况研究的方法,对广州市某制药厂职业卫生现场监测资料以及作业工人健康监护资料进行分析。以χ2检验检测工艺组和对照组各项相关健康检查结果的差异。结果 该企业鼻部疾患在制剂组患病率(7.53%)比对照组患病率高(χ2=4.68,P<0.05);丸剂组肺功能异常率(2.35%)比对照组高(χ2=5.72,P<0.05);丸剂组胸片异常率(2.35%)比对照组高(χ2=3.87,P<0.05);听力受损在提取组的患病率(3.28%)比对照组高(χ2=5.86,P<0.05)。结论该制药企业应加强工人暴露在粉尘、噪声、微波等职业危害因素的治理,做好作业工人的个体防护工作。     

Allergy History Does Not Predict Skin Test Reactivity in Asthmatic Children

We prospectively assessed how well patient report of allergy to cat, dust mite, and grass predicted the results of skin prick testing to those allergens in 95 asthmatic children. Children between 4 and 18 years old with physician documented asthma provided a detailed standardized allergy history and then underwent skin prick testing. The children were categorized by asthma severity. The diagnostic accuracy, which was the primary outcome measure, as well as sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predicted values were calculated for allergy history with regards to skin test reactivity. The diagnostic accuracy of allergy history in identifying skin test reactivity was 65%, 50%, and 56% for cat, dust mite, and grass, respectively. Asthma severity did not affect the diagnostic accuracy. Allergy history was a poor predictor of skin test reactivity in this group of asthmatic children.     

矿物粉尘与大肠埃希菌相互作用机制的研究

目的研究来自全国各地的4种天然及4种人工矿物粉尘与大肠埃希菌作用的机制。方法分析天然矿物粉尘物理组成及8种粉尘主要化学成分，观察矿物粉尘与大肠埃希菌作用16h后测定大肠埃希菌数量、培养基pH值、培养基14种主要元素及葡萄糖（GLU）、丙酮酸含量以及β半乳糖苷酶的活力变化。结果4种天然矿物粉尘物理组成基本一致，8种矿物粉尘所含化学成分不同；与细菌作用后元素溶出也不完全相同；含钙（ca）高的水泥粉尘以及来含镁（Mg）高的水镁石能使大肠埃希菌数量、丙酮酸含量和B半乳糖苷酶的活力增高并增加大肠埃希菌对GLU的利用。结论含Ca或Mg高的碱性矿物粉尘可能促进大肠埃希菌的生长代谢。     

触控式省水阀在综合性医院应用的除尘能力评价

目的通过触控式水阀的除尘能力研究,验证其是否适合在医院环境中使用。方法收集医院环境中的自然落尘,溶于清洁自来水中,人工将其附着于触控头上,干燥24h后开启自来水,将冲脱下来的自来水分段收集,检测其浊度和电导率,观察洗脱效果。结果附着物能在20s内被快速洗脱,将自来水的吸光度值降为零,电导值降到0．018s／cm．清洁度与原自来水检测值一致。结论触控式水阀具备自动除尘能力,能在综合性医院安全应用。     

The Effect of Rush Immunotherapy with House Dust Mite in the Production of IL-5 and IFN-�� from the Peripheral Blood T Cells of Asthmatic Children

Although the mechanisms are unclear, rush immunotherapy (RIT) may be effective to treat allergic diseases. We investigated the long-term modifications of cellular immunity as a mechanism of RIT. The RIT group, included 15 house dust mite (HDM)-sensitized asthmatic children, received RIT only with Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p), whereas the control group, consisted of 10 HDM-sensitized asthmatic children, did not receive RIT. The asthma symptom scores and the skin reactivities to Der f were measured. The cellular proliferative responses and intracellular interleukin (IL)-5 and interferon (IFN)-γ productions from peripheral blood T cells were also measured before, 8 weeks and 1 yr after RIT. The symptom scores, skin reactivity to Der f and cellular proliferative responses to Der f were decreased significantly after 8 weeks and maintained until 1 yr of RIT. The IFN-γ/IL-5 ratio of the CD3(+) and CD4(+) cells were increased significantly after 8 weeks and maintained until 1 yr of RIT, while there were no changes in the control group. These data indicate that the continuous functional modification from Th2 to Th1 phenotype of the CD4(+) T cells are developed after RIT in the asthmatic children sensitized with HDM.     

荆门市某磷化工厂职业病危害现状

目的识别荆门市某磷化工厂可能产生的职业病危害因素,并对其各类职业病危害因素进行监测与分析,探讨其预防与控制对策。方法采用现场职业卫生学调查和职业病危害因素检测检验方法。结果该磷化工厂生产过程中可能会产生粉尘、化学毒物、噪声、高温等职业病危害因素,其中化学毒物(氨气、硫酸、氟化氢、硫化氢、氮氧化物)、粉尘、高温和噪声是该磷化工厂的主要职业病危害因素。结论该磷化工厂职业病危害的防治应从职业病危害控制点入手,采取切实可行的防护设施或措施,尤其应重视对化学毒物、粉尘、高温和噪声的防护。