Colorectal cancer: From prevention to personalized medicine

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a very heterogeneous disease that is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors.CRC develops through a gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes,leading to the transformation of normal colonic mucosa into invasive cancer.CRC is one of the most prevalent and incident cancers worldwide,as well as one of the most deadly.Approximately 1235108 people are diagnosed annually with CRC,and 609051 die from CRC annually.The World Health Organization estimates an increase of77%in the number of newly diagnosed cases of CRCand an increase of 80%in deaths from CRC by 2030.The incidence of CRC can benefit from different strategies depending on its stage:health promotion through health education campaigns(when the disease is not yet present),the implementation of screening programs(for detection of the disease in its early stages),and the development of nearly personalized treatments according to both patient characteristics(age,sex)and the cancer itself(gene expression).Although there are different strategies for screening and although the number of such strategies is increasing due to the potential of emerging technologies in molecular marker application,not all strategies meet the criteria required for screening tests in population programs;the three most accepted tests are the fecal occult blood test(FOBT),colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy.FOBT is the most used method for CRC screening worldwide and is also the primary choice in most population-based screening programs in Europe.Due to its non-invasive nature and low cost,it is one of the most accepted techniques by population.CRC is a very heterogeneous disease,and with a few exceptions(APC,p53,KRAS),most of the genes involved in CRC are observed in a small percentage of cases.The design of genetic and epigenetic marker panels that are able to provide maximum coverage in the diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia seems a reasonable strategy.In recent years,the use of DNA,RNA and protein markers in different biological samples has been explored as strategies for CRC diagnosis.Although there is not yet sufficient evidence to recommend the analysis of biomarkers such as DNA,RNA or proteins in the blood or stool,it is likely that given the quick progression of technology tools in molecular biology,increasingly sensitive and less expensive,these tools will gradually be employed in clinical practice and will likely be developed in mass.     

食品药品检验检测信息化建设发展现状与经营介绍——以山东省食品药品检验研究院为例

本文总结了我院2016~2018信息化全面建设工作,包括机房、网络和应用系统建设,重点介绍实验室信息管理系统（LIMS）建设情况、经验和教训,以期为全国食品药品检验检测单位的信息化建设工作提供参考。     

辐射影响细胞色素P450的研究进展

随着科学的进步,核能和核技术已经广泛应用于医疗、能源、军事、食品加工等国防和国民生活的方方面面。可能受到辐射损伤的人群主要有接受放疗的癌症病人、从事与放射相关的工作人员和生活在高原地区的人们等。辐射条件下机体产生一系列生理性变化,部分为病理性变化,从而影响药物在体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄,导致药物代谢动力学特征发生改变。关注这些人群的个体化用药,逐渐成为医学和药学科研人员研究的重点。本文综述了环境及临床治疗的电离及非电离辐射对细胞色素P450的影响。     

特洛细胞的结构特点、鉴定方法及功能的研究进展

特洛细胞是一种新型间质细胞,其胞体较小呈椭圆或三角形,有细长而薄的突起,细胞突起可与同种细胞或其他类型细胞相互连接,从而形成复杂的3D网络,发挥重要的作用。本文主要总结特洛细胞的结构特点、鉴定方法及其功能和作用,证明其作为疾病预防和治疗新靶点的潜力,以期为特洛细胞的进一步研究提供依据。     

木犀草素抗骨性关节炎潜在靶点的筛选与鉴定

[目的]研究木犀草素的分子特性,筛选并鉴定木犀草素抗骨性关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)的潜在靶点。[方法]通过中药系统药理学数据库及分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP)分析木犀草素的药理参数和分子特性;通过Swiss TargetPrediction和药物再定位及药物不良反应预测(predict drug repositioning and adverse drug reaction,DRAR-CPI)软件筛选木犀草素抗OA的潜在靶点;通过人类孟德尔遗传(Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,OMIM)数据库、比较毒物遗传学数据库(The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database,CTD)和药物靶标数据库(Therapeutic Target Database,TTD)筛选已报道与OA相关的疾病靶点,并与木犀草素潜在靶点进行匹配,确定木犀草素抗OA的靶点,进一步采用分子对接软件对木犀草素抗OA的潜在靶点进行鉴定。[结果]木犀草素口服生物利用率为36.16%,药物相似度为0.25,具有很好的成药性;Swiss TargetPrediction和DRAR-CPI软件共筛选出6个潜在靶点,与OA直接相关的靶点有3个,经分子对接软件鉴定,间质胶原酶1/基质金属蛋白酶1(interstitial collagenase 1/matrix metalloproteinase 1,MMP1)和基质分解素-1/基质金属蛋白酶3(stromelysin-1/matrix metalloproteinase 3,MMP3)为木犀草素抗OA的潜在靶点。[结论]木犀草素可能通过结合MMP1和MMP3,下调其表达量,最终缓解OA的炎症反应。     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉多支病变PCI与CABG术后5年随访

目的比较冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)合并2型糖尿病冠状动脉多支病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)置入药物涂层支架(DES)与冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后远期疗效。方法连续入选2002年12月至2008年12月住院期间的冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者,并成功行择期血运重建的多支冠状动脉病变患者,分为CABG组(n=270),DES组(n=285)。随访5年,从术后30 d开始到5年止结束,随访包括全因死亡、心源性死亡、非致死性卒中、非致死性心肌梗死、心绞痛复发和再次血运重建的主要不良心脑血管事件(MACE)。结果入选患者随访率100%。CABG组与DES组两组间5年全因死亡率(1.11%vs.1.40%)、心源性死亡率(0%vs.0%)、非致死性卒中发生率(2.22%vs.2.81%)无统计学差异(P0.05)。DES组非致死性心肌梗死发生率(3.15%)、心绞痛复发率(17.89%)、再次血运重建率(12.28%)均高于CABG组(分别为1.11,5.56%,0.74%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05~0.01)。结论多支冠状动脉病变合并2型糖尿病患者CABG与PCI治疗5年生存率无明显差异,但多支冠状动脉病变合并2型糖尿病患者DES支架置入远期心绞痛复发率、再次血运重建率,非致死性心肌梗死发生率高于CABG组。