PLGA based drug delivery systems: Promising carriers for wound healing activity

Wound treatment remains one of the most prevalent and economically burdensome healthcare issues in the world. Current treatment options are limited and require repeated administrations which led to the development of new therapeutics to satisfy the unmet clinical needs. Many potent wound healing agents were discovered but most of them are fragile and/or sensitive to in vivo conditions. Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a widely used biodegradable polymer approved by food and drug administration and European medicines agency as an excipient for parenteral administrations. It is a well‐established drug delivery system in various medical applications. The aim of the current review is to elaborate the applications of PLGA based drug delivery systems carrying different wound healing agents and also present PLGA itself as a wound healing promoter. PLGA carriers encapsulating drugs such as antibiotics, anti‐inflammatory drugs, proteins/peptides, and nucleic acids targeting various phases/signaling cycles of wound healing, are discussed with examples. The combined therapeutic effects of PLGA and a loaded drug on wound healing are also mentioned.     

MAV3104与鸟胞内分枝杆菌复合群耐克拉霉素作用研究

目的：研究鸟胞内分枝杆菌复合群（MAC）MAV3104基因编码蛋白与药物外排的关系。方法以MAC 标准株基因组为模板,扩增 MAV3104基因,构建 pMV261-MAV3104c 重组质粒;测序正确后,转化重组质粒到大肠杆菌 DH5并在 MAC 标准株中诱导表达,Western Blot 鉴定 MAV3104表达;按照 CLSIM24-A2的操作要求检测 MAC标准株对克拉霉素的敏感性及外排泵抑制试验。结果经基因测序及 Western Blot 蛋白表达验证重组质粒构建成功;MAV3104过表达能提高鸟分枝杆菌对克拉霉素的 MIC,且硫利达嗪能抑制该作用;MAV3104过表达也能提高胞内分枝杆菌对克拉霉素的 MIC,但硫利达嗪对其没有抑制效应。结论 MAV3104转运蛋白介导的药物外排在鸟分枝杆菌耐克拉霉素中起重要作用。     

葡萄球菌烫伤样皮肤综合征50例临床及药敏分析

目的 探讨葡萄球菌烫伤样皮肤综合征(SSSS)的临床特点及金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药情况,以提高临床诊断及指导临床用药.方法 回顾分析我院2009年7月至2015年6月收治的50例SSSS患儿的临床诊治资料和细菌培养及药敏结果.结果 50例葡萄球菌烫伤样皮肤综合征患儿发病年龄多在5岁以下(44例,88.0%),夏秋季多见(37例,74.0%),常见诱发因素为上呼吸道感染(20例,40.0%)和脓疱疮(12例,24.0%).患儿起病时均有发热(100.0%),皮损最容易累及和最早累及的部位为面部,所有患儿黏膜未受累.临床误诊率达24.0%(12/50).80.0%(40/50)的患儿创面分泌物或咽拭子培养检出金黄色葡萄球菌,其中一株为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌.对培养的40株金葡菌进行体外药物敏感性试验,结果显示苯唑西林、头孢唑啉、万古霉素敏感性分别为82.5%(33/40)、92.5%(37/40)、100.0%(40/40),青霉素、红霉素、克林霉素耐药率分别为100.0%(40/40)、100.0%(40/40)、70.0%(28/40).及时应用头孢唑啉治疗后,98.0%的患儿4~8 d痊愈出院.结论 葡萄球菌烫伤样皮肤综合征临床易于误诊,掌握该病临床特点可提高诊断准确率.致病菌金葡菌对青霉素、红霉素、克林霉素高度耐药,对苯唑西林、头孢唑啉、万古霉素敏感.根据药敏结果,及早应用敏感抗生素治疗能有效缓解病情.     

2012年至2015年临床常见病原菌分布及耐药趋势分析

目的:分析我院4年来常见病原菌分布情况及其对抗菌药物的耐药情况,为区属机构及医院感染控制和临床合理应用抗菌药物及科学制定采购计划提供依据。方法:收集2012年至2015年我院临床送检标本分离的病原菌资料,动态比较分析病原菌构成比的变化和分布特征及抗生素耐药情况。结果:全院这4年共接收21 344个标本,共培养出致病菌4619株,其中G+菌1 338株,G-菌2 974株,真菌菌株307株。G-菌构成比高于G+菌。常见G-病原菌是假单胞菌属、大肠埃希氏菌、克雷伯菌属、不动杆菌属。常见G+病原菌是葡萄球菌属、链球菌属及肠球菌属。来源于不同标本的同种病原菌,其药敏结果趋势也不尽相同。这4年来,ESBLs阳性率(大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌)有先抑后扬的趋势,哌拉西林和氨苄西林的抗菌活性最差,头孢呋辛、头孢噻肟、头孢哌酮和头孢曲松对肠杆菌科的抗菌效果一般,但头孢哌酮/舒巴坦对鲍曼不动杆菌具有很好的抗菌活性,头孢他啶对大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌及肺炎克雷伯菌都具有较好的抗菌活性,但对鲍曼不动杆菌抗菌活性最差。葡萄球菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、呋喃妥因、替考拉宁等最敏感,对复方新诺明及氨基苷类药物耐药率最高。肠球菌对多种抗生素耐药率高。结论:细菌的多重耐药日趋严重,通过对本院常见病原菌的耐药性趋势进行分析,可指导临床合理使用抗生素,提高药物敏感性,降低耐药性,同时降低医院感染率和病死率。     

肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株的临床特点及感染的危险因素

目的探讨2012—2014年肺炎克雷伯菌（KPN）和大肠埃希菌（ECO）产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）菌株的临床分布、耐药性及危险因素,为临床合理使用抗生素及医院感染防控提供依据。方法采用双纸片协同试验确认产ESBLs菌株,法国生物梅里埃ATB细菌鉴定仪对临床分离的病原菌进行菌种鉴定及药敏试验。采用多因素logistic回归分析评估产ESBLs耐药菌感染的独立危险因素。结果2012、2013、2014年肺炎克雷伯菌检出率分别为13.7%、19.3%、21.4%;大肠埃希菌检出率为34.5%、41.2%、49.6%,呈逐年上升的趋势,且大肠埃希菌产ESBLs的检出率明显高于肺炎克雷伯菌（均P＜0.05）;产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌主要从痰液中检出,产ESBLs大肠埃希菌主要从尿液中检出;产ESBLs菌株对常用抗菌药物的耐药率普遍高于非产ESBLs菌株（均P＜0.05）。产ESBLs菌株对青霉素类耐药率为92.5%~100.0%、对除头孢西丁外的头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类的耐药性超过50%,产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌菌株对阿米卡星的耐药率分别为6.3%、5.2%,对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率分别为15.6%、13.3%,对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率最低;影响产ESBLs菌株感染的因素为：年龄≥55岁（OR=3.02,P=0.012）、住院≥15d（OR=3.76,P=0.008）、侵入性置管（OR=6.30,P=0.001）、使用糖皮质激素（OR=4.23,P=0.003）、使用喹诺酮类药物（OR=4.62,P=0.002）、使用第三代头孢菌素（OR=4.51,P=0.004）。结论产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌耐药现象严重,呈多重耐药,临床上应加强监测产ESBLs菌株的耐药情况,减少产ESBLs菌株的危险因素,科学合理应用抗菌药物,延缓细菌耐药性的变迁。     

临床大肠埃希菌感染分布与药物敏感分析研究

目的 研究大肠埃希菌临床分布及其耐药情况,为临床医生提供帮助.方法 采用VITEK 2 Compact鉴定系统,对临床感染患者的标本进行病原菌分离培养鉴定和体外药敏试验.结果 在694株大肠埃希菌中,尿液标本分离率最高(47.6%);超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)阳性率为60.8%,其中阳性菌株对氨苄西林、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢替坦、头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢吡肟、环丙沙星和复方新诺明等有较高的耐药率,阴性菌株对大部分抗菌药物有较低耐药率.结论 产ESBLs大肠埃希菌比阴性菌株具有较高的耐药率,临床要重视对大肠埃希菌ESBLs的检测.     

PSG多导睡眠监测对卒中后睡眠障碍药物干预的指导作用

【摘要】目的：探究PSG多导睡眠监测对卒中后睡眠障碍的药物干预的指导。方法：选取本院收治的脑卒中患者52例,使用PSG多导进行睡眠监测,并对其中患有睡眠障碍的患者进行病情分类,对中重度睡眠患者给予药物干预。结果：经过PSG多导睡眠监测结果分析得出,有19例患者存在卒中后睡眠障碍。19例患者有16例患者为中重度睡眠障碍。治疗后,这16例患者的睡眠质量得到明显改善,结果（P＜0.05）为差异有统计学意义。结论：PSG多导睡眠监测能有效了解脑卒中患者的睡眠情况,及时了解患者的睡眠障碍情况,给予适当的用药治疗。     

Controlled Release in Transdermal Pressure Sensitive Adhesives using Organosilicate Nanocomposites

Polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) based pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) incorporating organo-clays at different loadings were fabricated via solution casting. Partially exfoliated nanocomposites were obtained for the hydroxyl terminated PDMS in ethyl acetate solvent as determined by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Drug release studies showed that the initial burst release was substantially reduced and the drug release could be controlled by the addition of organo-clay. Shear strength and shear adhesion failure temperature (SAFT) measurements indicated substantial improvement in adhesive properties of the PSA nanocomposite adhesives. Shear strength showed more than 200% improvement at the lower clay loadings and the SAFT increased by about 21% due to the reinforcement provided by the nano-dispersed clay platelets. It was found that by optimizing the level of the organosilicate additive to the polymer matrix, superior control over drug release kinetics and simultaneous improvements in adhesive properties could be attained for a transdermal PSA formulation.