Delirium prevalence and prevention in patients with acute brain injury: A prospective before-and-after intervention study

ObjectivesKnowledge regarding delirium prevention in patients with acute brain injury remains limited. We tested the hypothesis that an intervention bundle which targeted sedation, sleep, pain, and mobilisation would reduce delirium in patients with acute brain injury.DesignA prospective before-after intervention study: a five-month phase of standard care was followed by a six-month intervention phase.SettingThe neuro-intensive care unit, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark.Main outcome measuresThe Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist was used to detect delirium. Primary outcome was delirium duration; secondary outcomes were delirium prevalence, ICU length of stay and one year mortality.ResultsForty-four patients were included during the standard care phase, and 50 during the intervention phase. Delirium was present in 90% of patients in the standard care group and 88% in the intervention group (p = 1.0), and time with delirium was 4 days vs 3.5 days (p = 0.26), respectively. Also, ICU length of stay (13 vs. 10.5 days (p = 0.4)) and the one year mortality (21% vs 12% (p = 0.38))) were similar between groups.ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of delirium in patients with acute brain injury. The intervention bundle did not significantly reduce prevalence or duration of delirium, ICU length of stay or one year mortality.     

身体约束缩减策略在ICU有创机械通气患者中的应用研究

目的 评价身体约束缩减策略对改善ICU有创机械通气患者身体约束的效果。方法 2021年2月—2022年2月,选择ICU有创机械通气患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,试验组采用身体约束缩减策略,对照组采用常规身体约束方法,比较两组身体约束时间、非计划拔管率、谵妄发生率、有创机械通气时间和ICU住院时间等。结果 113例患者完成研究,试验组57例,对照组56例。试验组和对照组身体约束率、非计划拔管率和皮肤异常的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组身体约束时间、谵妄发生率、有创机械通气时间和ICU住院时间的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组身体约束累积使用率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ²=18.491,P<0.001)。试验组有创机械通气累积使用率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.244,P=0.002)。结论 身体约束缩减策略可减少ICU有创机械通气患者身体约束时间,减少谵妄发生率、有创机械通气时间和ICU住院时间。     

Mortality and morbidity after spinal surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease: a retrospective matched-pair cohort study

Background Context

There is a lack of information about postoperative outcomes and related risk factors associated with spinal surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

术后认知功能障碍临床相关因素的研究进展

术后认知功能障碍是一种常见并且严重的术后合并症.老年人术后发生认知障碍的情况并不少见.有多种因素可能与其发生有关,包括年龄、术前合并疾病、精神状态、用药、围术期管理等.术后认知障碍的研究有助于人们认识围术期可能造成认知损害的多种因素,以便临床医生针对相关因素进行综合防治.     

心理疏导联合精神护理在ICU谵妄患者中的效果

目的 探讨心理疏导联合精神护理在重症加强护理病房(ICU)谵妄患者中的应用效果.方法 将东莞市第五人民医院ICU于2017年1月-2018年9月收治的70例患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各35例.对照组给予常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上给予心理疏导联合精神护理,比较两组患者的护理效果、谵妄及生活质量评分.结...     

Anticholinergic Drug Burden and Delirium: A Systematic Review

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between anticholinergic drug burden (ADB), measured with anticholinergic drug scales, and delirium and delirium severity.DesignSystematic review.Setting and ParticipantsAll available studies.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. Studies evaluating the association between ADB (measured as a total score) and delirium or delirium severity, published in English, were eligible for inclusion.ResultsSixteen studies, including 148,756 persons, were included. Fifteen studies investigated delirium. ADB was measured with the Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS, n = 5), the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACB, n = 6), the list of Chew (n = 1), the Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS, n = 5), a modified version of the ARS (n = 1), and a modified version of the ACB (n = 1). A high ADB, measured with the ARS, was associated with delirium (5/5). Also with the modified version of the ARS and ACB, an association was found between a high ADB and delirium during 3-month (1/1) and 1-year follow-up (1/1), respectively. When ADB was assessed with other scales, the results were inconclusive, with only 1 positive association for the ACB (1/6) and ADS (1/5) each. The possible association between ADB and delirium severity has also been investigated (ADS n = 2, Summers Drug Risk Number n = 1). One study found an association between a high ADB, measured with the ADS, and an increase in severity of delirium.Conclusions and ImplicationsADB assessed with the ARS is consistently associated with delirium. The association found between the modified versions of the ARS and ACB and delirium needs confirmation. When ADB was assessed with other scales, the findings were inconclusive. The current findings suggest that the ARS might be a useful tool to identify patients at increased risk for delirium.     

老年患者术后谵妄危险因素分析

目的探讨老年患者术后发生谵妄的影响因素。方法统计我院169例老年手术患者的年龄、性别以及低氧血症、术后疼痛、睡眠时间减少等的发生情况,对资料进行2χ检验、单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析,判定老年患者术后发生谵妄的危险因素。结果169例老年患者术后发生谵妄20例,发生率为11.8%。≥70岁的高龄患者、术中与术后发生低氧血症者、术后疼痛与睡眠时间减少与谵妄发生有关(P<0.01)。高龄患者、术中与术后发生低氧血症者、术后疼痛是谵妄发生的重要影响因素。结论应给予高龄患者特别注意,围术期预防低氧血症,良好的术后镇痛及睡眠对预防术后谵妄有积极意义。     

Treatment of delirium tremens with 5-Hydroxytryptophan

A serotinin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan, is advocated in treatment of delirium tremens on clinical, electrophysiological and neurochemical grounds. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the drug and seem to bear out a particular hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of delirium tremens.

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Sommario Sulla base di considerazioni cliniche, elettrofisiologiche e neurochimiche, viene proposto l'uso del 5-idrossitriptofano, precursore della serotonina, nella terapia del delirium tremens. I risultati ottenuti ne confermano l'efficacia e sembrano convalidare una particolare ipotesi patogenetica del delirium tremens.