Development of Gastroesophageal Varices and Risk of Variceal Bleeding in Patients With Cirrhosis

Abstract: We studied the relationships between portal pressure measured using the portal venous pressure gradient, the development of gastroesophageal varices, and the risk of variceal bleeding in 56 patients with cirrhosis. Portal pressure was higher in patients with varices than in those without (P>0.01), and 11 mmHg was the lowest portal pressure measured in the patients with varices. The size of the varices was not associated with the portal pressure. There was no difference in the value of portal pressure measurements for the patients with variceal bleeding and those without and there was no linear-relationship between the degree of portal hypertension and the rate of variceal bleeding. 12 mmHg was the lowest portal pressure measured in the patients with variceal bleeding. The size of the varices was related to the rate of variceal bleeding (P>0.05). We conclude that (a) a portal pressure of 11 mmHg is necessary for the formation of varices, (b) 12 mmHg of portal pressure is necessary for variceal bleeding to occur but the degree of portal hypertension has no predictive value for the risk of variceal bleeding, and (c) the size of the varices does not depend on the degree of portal hypertension but is associated with the risk of variceal bleeding.     

The delayed genotoxic effect of N-nitroso N-propoxur insecticide in mammalian cells.

The N-nitroso derivative of an extensively used insecticide, propoxur, consistently induced dose-responsive chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-W8) cells. Further investigations indicated that post-treatment incubation with a regular 1.5-cell-cycle period did not offer an unbiased estimation of the genotoxicity of N-nitroso carbamate insecticides. The scale of chromosome aberration induction increased with extension of the post-treatment incubation period. Comparable phenomena were not found in CHO-AGT cells proficient for O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase. In CHO-W8 cells, pulsed-treatment of the insecticide in the 1st replication cycle showed higher SCE induction than in the 2nd cycle. Similar phenomenon was also found in SCE induced by N-nitroso derivatives from other carbamate insecticides including aldicarb, carbofuran and methomyl. Treated cells did not show significantly perturbed cell cycle progression until 12 h after treatment removal. Based on the above observations, the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA adduct is suggested to be the major lesion caused by the delayed genotoxic effect of N-methyl carbamate insecticides as described in this report.     

Interventional treatment of hepatic arterial and venous pathology: A commentary

Hepatic aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms and fistulas (arterial biliary and arterial portal) causing blecding or portal hypertension, and arteriovenous malformations causing high output cardiac failure in adults can be successfully managed by embolization techniques. Results of embolization in infantile hemangioendotheliomas are less uniform and tumors with massive arteriovenous shunting are difficult to manage. Transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunts using expendable stents have been successfully created in patients and have effectively controlled portal hypertension and variceal bleeding.     

脑脊液置换及椎管内注药治疗蛛网膜下腔出血后迟发性脑血管痉挛

目的探讨救治蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后迟发性脑血管痉挛(DCVS)的有效方法。方法治疗组用大剂量生理盐水置换脑脊液并椎管内尿激酶注射治疗20例，并与对照1组单纯大剂量生理盐水等量脑脊液置换10例和对照2组单纯小剂量生理盐水置换脑脊液10例进行比较。结果治疗组2、3d症状明显减轻至消失，均未出现DCVS。对照1组中4例5d、6例7d症状减轻至消失，均未出现DCVS。对照2组中2例7d症状减轻至消失，未出现DCVS；8例发生DCVS，其中6例中度病残，2例死亡。结论应用大剂量生理盐水置换脑脊液可快速消除蛛网膜下腔出血患者的急性症状，对DCVS也有较好预防和治疗作用，而早期加用小剂量尿激酶椎管内注射，可以明显提高疗效，同时又不会增加再出血的危险。     

Total hip arthroplasty for posttraumatic osteoarthritis following acetabularfracture: A systematic review of characteristics, outcomes, and complications

Purpose: Posttraumatic arthritis (PTA) may develop years after acetabular fracture, hindering joint function and causing significant chronic musculoskeletal pain. Given the delayed onset of PTA, few studies have assessed outcomes of delayed total hip arthroplasty (THA) in acetabular fracture patients. This study systematically reviewed the literature for outcomes of THA in patients with PTA and prior acetabular fracture. Methods: Pubmed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library were searched for articles containing the keywords “acetabular”, “fracture”, “arthroplasty”, and “post traumatic arthritis” published between 1995 and August 2017. Studies with less than 10 patients, less than 2 years of follow-up, conference abstracts, and non-English language articles were excluded. Data on patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and outcomes of delayed THA, including implant survival, complications, need for revision, and functional scores, was collected from eligible studies. Results: With 1830 studies were screened and data from 10 studies with 448 patients were included in this review. The median patient age on date of THA was 51.5 years, ranging from 19 to 90 years. The median time from fracture to THA was 37 months, with a range of 27-74 months. Mean follow-up times ranged from 4 to 20 years. The mean Harris hip scores (HHS) improved from 41.5 pre-operatively, to 87.6 post-operatively. The most prevalent postoperative complications were heterotopic ossification (28%-63%), implant loosening (1%-24%), and infection (0%-16%). The minimum 5-year survival of implants ranged from 70% to 100%. Revision rates ranged from 2% to 32%. Conclusion: Despite the difficulties associated with performing THA in patients with PTA from previous acetabular fracture (including soft tissue scarring, existing hardware, and acetabular bone loss) and the relatively high complication rates, THA in patients with PTA following prior acetabular fracture leads to significant improvement in pain and function at 10-year follow-up. Further high quality randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm the outcomes after delayed THA in these patients.     

异氟醚预处理延迟相对兔心肌缺血-再灌注损伤核因子-κB的影响

目的 探讨异氟醚预处理延迟相对心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的保护机制.方法 雄性新西兰兔30只,体质量2.0～2.5 ks.随机分成3组(n=10):假手术组(C组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、2.0%异氟醚预处理组(S组).C组吸入100%氧气2 h,24 h后仅行左冠脉套线而不阻断160 min,I/R组吸入100%氧气2 h,24 h后行左冠状动脉前降支阻断40 min,再灌注120 min;S组吸入2.0%异氟醚+100%氧气2 h,24 h后处理同I/R组.各组分别于左冠前降支阻断前20 min(TI)、左冠前降支阻断20 min(T2)、左冠前降支阻断40 min(T3)、心肌再灌注1 h(T4)、心肌冉灌注2 h(T5)五个时点抽取颈内动脉血ELISA法测血清IL-10和TNF-α水平.再灌注结束后观察心肌细胞超微结构的变化,免疫印记法测心肌核因子-κB(NF-κB)活性水平,同时用伊文思蓝和TTC染色法测心梗面积.计量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,用SPSS 13.0统计学软件进行分析,组间采用方差分析,以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义.结果 与I/R组比,S组IL-10明显升高(P<0.05),TNF-α明显降低(P<0.05),NF-κB表达降低(P<0.05),心肌梗死面积减少(P<0.05).结论 异氟醚预处理延迟相通过抑制心肌NF-κB的活性,调控炎性细胞因子平衡来减轻心肌缺血-再灌注损伤发挥保护作用.     

Is nail dynamization beneficial after twelve weeks – An analysis of 37 cases

Purpose

Although nail dynamization in femoral and tibial fractures is an effective method of promoting healing, its role beyond twelve weeks is still not clear. It is usually done two to three months following interlocking nailing. This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of late dynamization (after 12 weeks) and factors affecting union.

Functional outcome of an early anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in comparison to delayed: Are we waiting in vain?

Background

Surgical techniques of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) have evolved over the past three decades along with debate regarding timing of reconstruction. It was a widespread belief that the timing of surgery was an important factor in determining the resulting stiffness after ACLR. Delayed rather than early reconstruction of the ACL is the current recommended treatment since it is thought to give a better functional outcome. However, there is no consensus in the literature regarding the optimal time of surgical intervention. The purpose of this study was to compare the range of motion and functional outcome in patients who underwent ACLR early with those that were delayed.

74例肝硬化食管静脉曲张套扎术后上消化道再出血的临床分析

目的:分析肝硬化食管静脉曲张套扎(EVL)后,上消化道再出血的病因及临床特征。方法:回顾性分析74例肝硬化食管静脉曲张(EV)套扎术后再出血患者的临床表现,急症内镜下病灶特征。结果:内镜显示,85.1%(63例)为EV性出血即EV组,静脉轻度曲张者36例(57.1%),其中31例(86.1%)伴红色征;其它为肝源性溃疡等出血11例即非EV组;EVL后再出血者EV组以呕血为主(69.8%),非EV组以便血为主(63.6%);两组间呕血的发生率有显著性差异(P<0.05);两组均以小量出血为主。结论:EVL后再出血以小量出血为主,食管静脉曲张破裂是出血的主要原因。套扎后的患者要定期内镜检查,必要时再行套扎治疗,对其再出血的防治有重要的临床意义。     

糖尿病患者患病初期负性情感分析与干预效果评价

目的探讨脊柱后路内固定术后迟发性感染患者进行外科治疗时的护理要点。方法对骨科行脊柱后内固定术后并发迟发性感染的27例患者采用手术清创及双套管置管冲洗灌注引流，同时行抗生素治疗，对护理要点进行总结。结果患者平均住院时间为18d，所有患者在相应的外科处理和抗生素治疗后伤口均未出现窦道和不愈合。结论伤口清创、双套管冲洗引流同时配合药物治疗是治疗脊柱后路内固定术后迟发性感染的一种安全有效的治疗方法；术前心理护理、饮食护理，术后体位护理、管道护理及药物不良反应的观察，及细致的出院指导是患者顺利康复的重要保证。