Suicidal poisonings with methadone in France: Results of a two year national survey by the Toxicovigilance Network

Context. Methadone is used in France since March 1995, only for opioid maintenance treatment, in a syrup form. For the launching of a capsule form in April 2008, French health authorities requested a prospective survey of all cases involving exposure to methadone in either of the two available pharmaceutical forms. Objective. The aim was to document, in different circumstances and compare the safety of the new capsule form to the syrup. This report presents the findings of one arm of the study, devoted to methadone-related suicide attempts. Materials and method. From April 15, 2008 to April 15, 2010, all self-injurious methadone poisonings notified to or managed by the French Toxicovigilance Centers network were included. Analysis mainly focused on patients’ age and gender, estimated quantity ingested, eventual concomitantly taken substances, distribution of symptoms, and site of treatment. Results. 135 methadone-related suicide attempts were recorded. Analysis showed identical epidemiologic and clinical patient characteristics for the two pharmaceutical forms. Ten deaths occurred. The only discrepancy was a higher incidence of suicide attempts in the capsule group. However, as the number of capsule-treated patients increased during the second year, this difference remained significant but tended to decrease. Discussion. Combining these results with Pharmacovigilance and Addictovigilance arms, health authorities estimated that the benefit/risk balance of this new pharmaceutical form remains positive. They revised their position on requirements for prescribing and dispensing of the capsule form, and made them slightly easier. Following this, this “suicide” arm of Toxicovigilance survey was suspended, whereas the second one, concerning accidental pediatric methadone-related poisonings, has been extended until April 2014. Conclusion. In France, suicide attempts were more likely to occur with the capsule formulation. The clinical severity of intoxication was similar between the capsule and liquid forms.     

自拟降糖通脉汤治疗糖尿病足早期30例

自拟降糖通脉汤治疗糖尿病足早期属气阴两虚患者30例,方以黄芪、葛根为君药,并结合西药降糖降脂等综合治疗,能够有效的预防和治疗糖尿病足部病变,延缓并发症的发生和发展。     

CO2超脉冲激光用于牙体窝洞制备的实验研究

目的　探讨CO2 超脉冲激光在牙体窝洞制备中的应用。方法　采用CO2 超脉冲激光制备窝洞 ,结合光镜及扫描电镜观察牙髓反应及洞形结构。结果　经CO2 超脉冲激光制备窝洞后 ,牙髓仅有轻度的充血及炎性反应 ,且短期内可恢复 ,洞形为上宽下窄、底部平坦的盆状 ,窝洞表面呈均质多孔样结构 ,无裂隙及炭化形成 ,这种形态结构适合复合树脂粘接固位。结论　CO2 超脉冲激光在窝洞制备方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

加味温胆汤联合利多卡因治疗Lermoyez综合征的疗效评价

目的 :探讨加味温胆汤联合利多卡因的中西医结合疗法治疗Lermoyez综合征的临床疗效。方法 :20例Lermoyez综合征患者接受利多卡因静脉注射治疗3 d以及加味温胆汤口服治疗2周,随后进行4周的随访。对治疗后的眩晕、耳鸣、耳闷胀感和听力改善情况进行评价。结果 :听力显著好转3例(15%),有效9例(45%),无效8例(40%)。16例(80%)患者的耳闷胀感减轻(好转),4例(20%)无变化。17例(85%)患者的耳鸣减轻(好转),3例(15%)无变化。眩晕治疗有效率为100%,其中65%(13/20)的患者达痊愈,35%(7/20)的患者的眩晕基本得到控制。结论 :加味温胆汤联合利多卡因治疗Lermoyez综合征显示出较好的疗效,为今后进一步开展中西医结合治疗提供了临床依据。     

复方仙贞汤抑制成骨细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的 观察不同浓度的复方仙贞汤对TNF-α诱导的成骨细胞凋亡的影响。方法 TNF-α培养液诱导体外培养成骨细胞凋亡后，分别加入不同浓度的复方仙贞汤，用流式细胞仪检测其对成骨细胞的凋亡率。结果 复方仙贞汤1μg／ml组和500μg/ml组细胞凋亡率明显降低，与模型组和空白对照组相比，差异非常显著，其中1μg/ml组作用更强。500μg／ml可能是通过影响成骨细胞周期中的G0-G1和S期而达到抑制凋亡作用的，而1μg／ml组还能增加G2-M期成骨细胞。结论 复方仙贞汤能抑制TNF—α诱导的成骨细胞凋亡，以低浓度(1μg／ml)抑制作用较好。     

滋肾通络方对高糖诱导的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞TGF-β1、MMP-2、MMP-9mRNA表达影响的实验研究

目的:观察滋肾通络方含药血清对高糖环境下LPS刺激大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(GMCs)TGF-β1、MMP-2、MMP-9mRNA的影响,并探讨其在防治糖尿病肾病(DN)中的机制。方法:以高糖环境下LPS刺激大鼠肾小球系膜细胞生长建立模型,分为以下8组:(1)正常组;(2)高糖组;(3)高糖+LPS组;(4)苯那普利组;(5)滋肾通络方小剂量组;(6)滋肾通络方中剂量组;(7)滋肾通络方大剂量组。采用RT-PCR技术从分子生物学水平检测各组系膜细胞中TGF-β1、MMP-2及MMP-9mRNA表达。结果:与正常组相比,高糖组、高糖+LPS组TGF-β1mRNA的表达明显升高(P<0.01),MMP-2及MMP-9mRNA的表达明显降低(P<0.01);与模型组相比较,滋肾通络方大、中、小剂量组对大鼠肾小球GMCs TGF-β1mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.05),MMP-2、MMP-9mRNA表达明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:滋肾通络方含药血清能够抑制大鼠肾小球GMCs TGF-β1mRNA的表达,增加MMP-2、MMP-9mRNA的表达,从而通过增加肾小球系膜细胞细胞外基质的降解以延缓DN进展。     

肝硬化患者肝移植术后生存质量的变化

目的调查肝硬化患者肝移植前后生存质量的变化情况。方法研究对象为在中山大学附属第三医院移植中心行首次肝移植手术的68例肝硬化患者。分别在术前,术后0～6个月、7～12个月、12个月以上对患者进行问卷调查。问卷采用健康调查简表(medical outcome study 36-item short form health survey,SF-36)与疾病专用调查表——慢性肝病问卷(chronic liver disease questionaire,CLDQ)。结果在肝移植术前,肝硬化患者的SF-36和CLDQ各维度评分均偏低。术后各时段SF-36的生理机能、躯体疼痛、一般健康、精力和CLDQ的腹部症状、乏力、全身症状、活动评分均较术前明显升高(均为P<0.05);与术前比较,术后0～6个月SF-36的生理职能、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康和CLDQ的情感功能、焦虑评分差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),但术后7～12个月、术后12个月以上述维度评分比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);术后随着时间的推移,两表各维度得分逐步升高。结论肝硬化肝移植患者术后的生存质量与术前比较有明显改善,术后早期以生理功能方面改善明显,随时间的推移,生存质量其他指标如心理状态和社会功能也得到明显的改善。     

针灸加桂枝茯苓汤加味治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的临床观察

目的观察针灸加加味桂枝茯苓汤内服为主治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的临床疗效、作用机理。方法将56例病人随机分成治疗组(27例)和对照组(29例)。2组均采用西医常规治疗(补钙加活性维生素D,双膦酸盐,补充雌激素等)为基础治疗,治疗组加用针灸(穴取命门穴、肾俞、脾俞、百会、三阴交、足三里等)和中药桂枝茯苓汤加减治疗。均治疗4w为1疗程,2个疗程为1个观察周期,观察2组治疗前后的症状体征的改善情况。结果与对照组比较,治疗组疗效显著。结论针灸加中药桂枝茯苓汤内服是治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的有效方法。     

复方丹参滴丸联合三种他汀类药物治疗冠心病心绞痛的系统评价

补中益气汤、升阳益胃汤、升阳散火汤是李东垣益气升阳理论的代表方,均可用于治疗慢性胃炎脾胃气虚证。然各方运用症状轻重、证机、治法却略有不同。文章总结认为：补中益气汤,气虚程度较重,证属脾胃气虚,清阳下陷,热不显,治疗重在补中升阳;升阳益胃汤,气虚程度较前轻,证属脾胃气虚,湿热中阻,湿热兼见,治疗偏于祛湿清热;升阳散火汤,气虚程度最轻,证属脾胃气弱,气郁化火,内热明显,治疗偏于升散郁火。