通过PC机串口采集动态实时心电信号

介绍了网上心电实时监护系统，应用ATmega8型8位微处理器芯片实现了10位精度的心电AD转换．通过RS232行接口向PC机传送数据，并介绍这2部分的软、硬件设计思想。     

2009~2018年国家自然科学基金对儿科学研究资助情况回顾与展望

目的 对国家自然科学基金委员会立项资助的儿科研究课题进行回顾整理与数据分析,以了解学科重点支持领域和研究方向、热点的变化。方法 以中国国家自然科学基金数据库为基础,对2009~2018年儿科领域研究课题进行筛选,并对资助力度和研究方向变化进行分析。结果 2009~2018年国家自然科学基金委员会共资助1 017项儿科领域课题,其中面上项目485项（47.69%）,青年基金426项（41.89%）,地区项目73项（7.18%）,重点项目16项（1.57%）,优青项目6项（0.59%）,海外项目7项（0.69%）,其他项目4项（0.39%）。资助经费总额从2009年的842万元增加至2018年的6 625万元,增幅近7倍之多。以生殖系统/围产期医学/新生儿、神经系统和精神疾病、循环系统为一级学科代码申请立项的课题获资助力度最大。结论 近10年来国家自然科学基金委员会对儿科研究的资助力度持续增加,以面上项目和青年基金为主;研究获资助项目申请方向以新生儿、神经系统和精神、循环系统疾病为主。     

2013～2018年安徽省老年肺结核疫情特征分析

目的分析2013～2018年安徽省老年肺结核疫情特征,为制定老年肺结核防治策略提供参考依据。方法采用描述性流行病学研究方法,分析2013～2018年安徽省老年肺结核患者疫情特征。结果 2013～2018年,安徽省活动性肺结核年平均登记率老年人高于全人群(χ~2=55. 061,P <0. 001);涂阳肺结核年平均登记率老年人高于全人群(χ~2=21. 840,P <0. 001),老年复治涂阳占全省复治涂阳的42. 42%(3 379/7 965);老年肺结核男女性别比为3. 32∶1;安徽省所辖16个市以亳州、铜陵、池州老年肺结核年平均登记率最高。结论安徽省老年肺结核疫情高于全人群,男性高于女性,亳州、铜陵、池州老年肺结核疫情重,需加强重点人群和重点地区的结核病防治工作。     

Trauma centre patient volume and inpatient mortality risk reconsidered

BackgroundSeveral studies have examined the relationship between injury volumes and trauma centre outcomes, with varying results attributable to differences in the measurement of volume's effect on mortality and differences in how characteristics are addressed as potential confounders.MethodsThis analysis includes all trauma cases reported to the NTDB 2012. The effect of trauma centre volume on patient mortality risk was measured in three different contexts: as a linear function of trauma centre volume, as a dichotomous function comparing patients in trauma centres with and without 1200 or more cases, and as a non-linear function of trauma centre volume. Multivariable weighted Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models were used to account for the combined effects of facility level and patient level covariates. Patient level mortality risk was assessed using the ACS Trauma Quality Improvement Programme methodology.ResultsTrauma centre volume was not a statistically significant predictor (at the α = 0.01 level) of patient mortality risk, in any of the three models. Comprehensive adjustments for patient level risk were obtained, with excellent discrimination between survivor and decedent cases. The addition of trauma volume to baseline patient mortality risk yielded no improvement in the accuracy of any model. These results were not sensitive to the inclusion of Level II trauma centres. Equivalent results were obtained by repeating the analysis for the Level I subpopulation only.ConclusionsCase volume may be a reasonable standard for determining whether adequate numbers of injured patients are available to support training needs and experience requirements of a Level I trauma centre. However, case volume is not a useful predictor of patient mortality in individual facilities. Trauma centre volume has no independent effect, after accounting for the patient level characteristics that predominantly influence mortality.     

内蒙古自治区二级以上医疗机构实验室开展结核病相关检测项目的调查分析

了解并评价内蒙古自治区二级以上医疗机构实验室结核病相关检测开展情况。     

A Review of Studies Comparing Checklist and Interview Methods of Data Collection in Life Event Research

Abstract

This article is concerned with the relative merits of checklists and interviews as techniques for collecting data in the study of life events. It presents a detailed review of studies that have directly compared checklists and interviews. The author's conclusion is that the two techniques should not be seen as equivalent in the assessment of life events. Virtually all of the studies reviewed showed a marked tendency to overreport on checklists. The method appears inadequate in distinguishing truly stressful events from trivial occurrences. In contrast, the in-depth interview is sensitive to the subtleties of life events and should be the preferred method when data of any precision and accuracy are required in an empirical study.     

Three Outbreak-causing Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C Clones,Brazil

During 2003–2012, 8 clusters of meningococcal disease were identified in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, all caused by serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis. The isolates were assigned to 3 clonal complexes (cc): cc11, cc32, and cc103. These hyperinvasive disease lineages were associated with endemic disease, outbreaks, and high case-fatality rates.     

Risk factors for complications and in-hospital mortality: An analysis of 19,834 open pelvic ring fractures

BackgroundOpen pelvic fractures are rare injuries, associated with high patient morbidity and mortality. Few studies have investigated the impact of patient demographics, comorbidities, and injury related factors on complication and mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify the overall incidence of complications and mortality after open pelvic fractures, (2) compare patient factors between those who did and did not develop complications, (3) identify perioperative independent risk factors for complications and mortality.MethodsA query was performed for patients with open pelvic fractures between 2007 and 2017 using the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank. Patient and injury specific variables were collected and complications were identified using International Classification of Disease Ninth and Tenth edition Codes. Patient demographic and perioperative data was compared using Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test for categorical variables, and Welch’s t-test for continuous variables. Using pooled data from multiple imputations, logistic regressions were used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals of independent risk factors for complications.ResultsA total of 19,834 open pelvic fracture cases were identified, with 9622 patients (48.5%) developing at least one complication. Patients who developed complications were older (35.0 vs 38.1 years), and had higher Injury Severity Scores (17.7 vs 26.5), lower Glasgow Coma Scores (14.2 vs 11.7), and a larger proportion presenting with hypotension (21% vs 6.9%). After pooled regression involving 19 factors, these were the strongest independent predictors of inpatient complication and mortality.ConclusionWe report a mortality rate of 14%, with an inclusive complication rate of 48.5%. Evaluating risk factors for morbidity and mortality for this devastating orthopaedic injury provides knowledge of an inherently sparse population.Level of EvidenceLevel II, Retrospective study.     

Impact of Guidelines for Antihypertensive Treatment on Clinical Practice

Many Guidelines and Consensus Statements were published in 1993 and 1994. The pressure to produce these guidelines comes from clinicians faced with rapid change, from a wish to provide an independent authoritative view rather than rely on commercial promotion of particular treatments, and from governments seeking assistance with the allocation of scarce resources.

Evaluation of the impact that guidelines exert on clinical practice is notoriously difficult, but has been attempted using the self-report questionnaire, or the more reliable but expensive analysis of actual practice data, before and after publication of the guidelines.