Acute unreamed intramedullary nailing and soft tissue reconstruction with muscle flaps for the treatment of severe open tibial shaft fractures

BACKGROUND: The treatment of open tibial shaft fractures remains controversial. Important considerations in surgical management include surgical timing, fixation technique and soft tissue coverage. This study was performed to evaluate the results of acute surgical debridement, unreamed nailing and soft tissue reconstruction in the treatment of severe open tibial shaft fractures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a 10-year period between January 1993 and July 2002, 927 tibial shaft fractures were treated with interlocking intramedullary nails. Among them, there were 19 consecutive patients with Gustilo type IIIB to IIIC open tibial shaft fractures with extensive soft tissue injury needing a muscle flap coverage and being suitable for intramedullary nailing. All 19 patients were called for a late follow-up which was conducted with a physical examination and a radiographic and functional outcome assessment. The radiographs were reviewed to determine the fracture healing time and the final alignment. RESULTS: All 19 open fractures with severe soft tissue injury healed without any infection complications. The fractures united in a mean of 8 months. Nine patients had delayed fracture healing (union time over 24 weeks). One of these patients needed exchange nailing, one patient autogenous bone grafting and dynamisation on the nail and seven patients needed dynamisation of the nail before the final fracture healing. In all patients, the alignment was well maintained. However, seven patients had shortening of the tibia by 1-2 cm and two of them also external rotation of 10 degrees . The functional outcome was good in 18/19 patients. INTERPRETATION: Acute surgical debridement, unreamed interlocking intramedullary nailing and soft tissue reconstruction with a muscle flap appear to be a safe and effective method of treatment for Gustilo type IIIB open tibial shaft fractures.     

小剂量他达拉非联合疏肝益阳胶囊治疗轻中度勃起功能障碍的疗效分析

目的:观察每日1次小剂量他达拉非联合疏肝益阳胶囊治疗轻中度勃起功能障碍(ED)的临床疗效。方法:将90例轻中度ED患者随机分为疏肝益阳胶囊组(A组)、他达拉非组(B组)、他达拉非联合疏肝益阳胶囊组(C组)(每组各30例),于治疗前、治疗后第1月末和治疗后第3月末分别记录3组IIEF-5、简化式(15项)的心理和人际关系量表(SF-PAIRS)等各项积分,并观察疗效变化。结果:①3组治疗前IIEF-5评分依次为(10.13±1.55)、(11.00±1.60)、(10.73±1.91)分,3组相比差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05);治疗后第1个月末评分分别为(13.77±2.11)、(17.77±2.13)、(17.17±3.84)分,B组与C组无差别(P=0.411),但两组均优于A组,差异具有显著性(P0.001);治疗后第3个月末评分分别为(15.77±2.05)、(18.07±2.24)、(19.37±3.76)分,B组与C组均优于A组(P均0.001),C组优于B组(P0.05)。②A组治疗前SF-PAIRS的性自信、性自然指数、时间顾虑等3方面评分分别为(3.90±0.80,8.67±1.94,14.43±1.92),治疗后第1个月末评分分别为(5.83±1.02)、(9.90±1.75)、(11.17±1.68)分,治疗后第3个月末评分分别为(6.73±0.98)、(11.07±2.08)、(10.67±1.60)分;B组治疗前SF-PAIRS的性自信、性自然指数、时间顾虑等3方面评分分别为(4.17±0.87)、(9.37±1.43)、(14.47±1.57)分,治疗后第1个月末评分分别为(6.47±0.78)、(10.83±2.18)、(10.20±1.56)分,治疗后第3个月末评分分别为(6.83±0.91)、(11.30±1.88)、(9.47±1.57)分;C组治疗前SF-PAIRS的性自信、性自然指数、时间顾虑等3方面评分分别为(4.23±0.94)、(9.50±1.89)、(14.67±2.91)分,治疗后第1个月末评分分别为(8.03±1.67)、(13.43±1.10)、(9.70±1.21)分,治疗后第3个月末评分分别为(8.93±1.78)、(14.70±1.26)、(8.87±0.97)分。3组的SF-PAIRS评分治疗后各自较治疗前均有改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后C组的3方面评分与A、B两组相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:每日1次小剂量他达拉非联合疏肝益阳胶囊治疗ED不但能有效提高ED患者勃起功能,而且能显著增强患者性自信和性自然程度,同时减少时间顾虑,具有良好的临床疗效。     

Consecutive flap transfer for repairing massive soft tissue defects in the opisthenar with improved donor site closure

Objective：To explore a surgical model of utilizing consecutive free scapular flap and adjacent pedicled flap transfer for repairing massive soft tissue defects on the dorsum of the hand while minimizing the donor site morbidity.Methods：Six patients with massive soft tissue injuries on the opisthenar and forearm were treated with free scapular flaps.Afterwards,a pedicled flap adjacent to the donor site was transferred to cover the donor site defect by direct closure.Results：All six free scapular flaps survived without signs of infection.Three adjacent pedicled flaps presented minor signs of insufficient blood flow on the distal apex,which resolved after six weeks with only conservative therapy.All the incisions healed without other complications.At six-month follow-up,the patients regained full shoulder function.Conclusion：With the assistance of an adjacent pedicled flap,the scapular flap is a highly applicable approach in repairing massive soft tissue defects in the opisthenar.It can achieve positive outcomes in both reconstructive and aesthetic aspects.     

An early intervention programme had no detectable influence on the health status of people with musculoskeletal injuries following road traffic crashes: Comparative study

Objective

To compare the health status of people with minor injuries from road traffic crashes that are exposed to an early, active intervention programme (intervention group) with those receiving usual care (control group) over a 12 month period.

Design

Prospective comparative study using sequential cohorts.

Subjects

People presenting to hospital emergency departments with mild to moderate musculoskeletal injuries following road traffic crashes.

Main outcome measures

Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS) of the Short Form 36 (SF-36) health status measure; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Functional Rating Index (FRI) recorded immediately post-crash, at 6 months and at 12 months after injury.

Results

There were 95 participants allocated to the control group and 98 allocated to the intervention group. Participants were enrolled at a mean of 9.3 days following the crash. There were no significant differences in baseline health measures between the groups. Apart from a small improvement in anxiety for the intervention group, there were no significant differences in health status between the groups. Twenty percent of participants in the intervention group received treatment from external healthcare providers that was inconsistent with the recommendations of the intervention programme.

Conclusions

The intervention programme failed to result in a clinically significant improvement in health outcomes compared with usual care. There is some evidence to suggest that the intervention had some psychological benefits, as evidenced by the small improvement in anxiety levels. Limited adherence, frequent use of co-interventions, or other factors (such as intervention content or intensity) may have reduced its effect.     

封闭负压引流结合穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣治疗足踝部创面

目的探讨封闭负压引流技术结合3种小腿穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣治疗足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法回顾性分析自2010-08—2013-06诊治的38例足踝部皮肤软组织缺损,创面彻底清创并应用封闭负压引流5~7 d后根据创面情况选择皮瓣修复,17例应用腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复,8例应用外踝上穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复,13例应用胫后动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复。结果术后皮瓣全部成活。随访5~12个月,无感染、骨坏死和慢性骨髓炎等并发症发生;皮瓣质地柔软,有弹性,供区愈合良好,足踝外形与功能恢复满意。结论应用封闭负压引流技术处理足踝部皮肤软组织缺损创面后,合理个体化选择小腿穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复,可减少感染机会及肉芽瘢痕,利于功能恢复。     

Direct and reversed dorsal digital island flaps: A review of 65 cases

BackgroundReconstruction of soft tissue defects in fingers continues to be a challenging problem. The purpose of this study is to report the reconstruction of small-to-moderate defects of fingers with dorsal digital island flap (DDIF) and to evaluate the efficacy of use of the flap.MethodsOver last six years, a retrospective study was conducted with 65 patients who had soft tissue defects of fingers treated with the DDIF. Sixty-nine soft-tissue defects were found in 69 fingers in 65 patients. Based on the flow direction of blood supply, the patients were divided into two groups: the direct (n = 35) and reversed (n = 30) DDIF groups. In addition, based on the different donor sites, the direct DDIF group was divided into two subgroups: the proximal phalangeal direct DDIF subgroup (n = 16) and the extended pedicle direct DDIF subgroup (n = 19). The main outcomes were static 2-point discrimination and Semmes–Weinstein monofilament scores of flap and joint motion.ResultsAt the final follow-up, the mean static two-point discrimination of the flaps was 9.7 mm (range, 8 to 12 mm) in the proximal phalangeal direct DDIF subgroup and 8.3 mm (range, 7 to 11 mm) in the extended pedicle direct DDIF subgroup, with a significant difference (p = 0.005). In the direct DDIF group, there was no significant difference in total active motion between the donor fingers and the opposite sides. In the reversed DDIF group, the mean total active motion of the donor fingers was 170° and the data of the opposite sides was 181°, with a significant difference (p = 0.024). Maximum amplitude losses of 15° were seen in 12% of patients in the distal interphalangeal joint.ConclusionsThe DDIF is reliable and technically easy for reconstructing small-to-moderate defects of fingers. The extended pedicle direct DDIF may be an optional solution when sensory reconstruction is needed.     

A preliminary study into injuries due to non-perforating ballistic impacts into soft body armour over the spine

The UK Home Office test method for ballistic protective police body armours considers anterior torso impacts to be the worst-case scenario and tests rear armour panels to the same standards as front panels. The aim of this paper was to examine the injuries from spinal behind armour blunt trauma (BABT) impacts. This study used a cadaveric 65 kg, female pig barrel and 9 mm Luger ammunition (9 × 19 mm, FMJ Nammo Lapur Oy) into HG1/A + KR1 soft armour panels over the spine. Injuries were inspected and sections removed for x-radiography and micro-CT assessment.All shots over the spine resulted in deep soft tissue injuries from pencilling of the armour and the shirt worn under the armour. The wounds had embedded fabric debris which would require surgery to remove resulting in increased recovery time over injuries usually seen in anterior torso BABT impacts, which are typically haematoma and fractured ribs. The shot with the deepest soft tissue wound (41 mm) also resulted in a fractured spinous process. Shots were also fired at the posterior and anterior rib area of the pig barrel, for comparison to the spine. Similar wounds were seen on the shots to the posterior rib area while shallower, smaller wounds were seen on the anterior and one anterior rib shot resulted in a single, un-displaced rib fracture. The anatomical differences between pigs and humans would most likely mean that injury to a human from these impacts would be more serious.     

前列舒通胶囊治疗慢性前列腺炎的有效性、安全性、经济性系统评价

目的:系统评价前列舒通胶囊临床治疗慢性前列腺炎的有效性、安全性和经济性。方法:检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、springer、ProQuest、中国知网、万方和维普数据库,收集从2000年1月至2018年5月发表的关于前列舒通胶囊治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床随机对照试验(RCT),按纳入和排除标准由2名研究员独立完成文献的筛选、质量评价及资料提取,采用Rev Man 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果:共纳入10个研究,共1 796例病例。前列舒通胶囊与喹诺酮类药物联用治疗慢性前列腺炎疗效均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经济性方面,使用前列舒通胶囊联合喹诺酮类药物较单独使用喹诺酮类药物,临床有效率每提高1%,成本平均增加23元;EPS白细胞计数每减小1个单位,成本平均增加38.39元;NIH-CPSI评分每降低1分,成本平均增加38.84元。结论:前列舒通胶囊联合喹诺酮类药物治疗慢性前列腺炎较单独用喹诺酮类药物疗效更优;经济性方面,每增加一单位效果,成本有所增加,决策者可基于对患者病情的评估,临床适应情况,结合患者的支付意愿进行决策。     

中西医结合治疗对酒精性肝硬化患者肝功能损伤及肠黏膜屏障的保护作用

目的探讨中西医结合治疗对酒精性肝硬化(ALC)患者肝功能损伤及肠黏膜屏障的保护作用。方法选取2015年1月～2017年12月内科门诊就诊的ALC患者74例,随机分为西医组和中西医组,每组各37例。两组患者予以戒酒、低盐饮食、护肝利尿及纠正低蛋白等基础治疗。中西医组加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊和血府逐瘀汤联合中西医结合治疗,西医组予以单纯西药双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊治疗,两组连用8周。分别于治疗前及治疗8周后检测并比较两组肝功能指标[丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)]、血清内毒素(ET)及肠黏膜屏障功能指标[血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)和降钙素原(PCT)]的变化,并比较不良反应。结果治疗8周后,两组血清肝功能ALT、AST和ET水平均较前显著下降(P0.05或P0.01),且中西医组下降幅度较西医组更明显(P0.05);同时两组DAO和PCT水平均较前显著下降(P0.05或P0.01),且中西医组下降幅度较西医组更明显(P0.05)。治疗8周期间西医组出现不良反应2例,中西医组4例,症状均较轻,两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.18,P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊联合血府逐瘀汤中西医结合治疗ALC能更有效促进肝功能恢复,减轻内毒素血症,加速肠黏膜修复,改善肠黏膜屏障,且安全性较好。