肿瘤病人同伴支持的研究现状

对同伴支持在肿瘤病人方面的作用和效果评价研究进行综述,指出同伴支持作为社会支持的重要方面在我国肿瘤护理中应引起重视。     

不同营养评估方法与维持性血液透析患者死亡关系的比较

目的 本研究的目的是研究不同的营养评估方法与维持性血液透析患者的预后的关系. 方法 对我院血液透析中心的83名患者进行营养评估,包括主观综合性营养评估（subjective global assessment,SGA）、营养不良-炎症评分（malnutrition inflammation score,MIS）和微型营养评定简表（mini nutrition assessment short form,MNA-SF）.同时收集基本资料、辅助检查结果.随访48月（40±13月）,采用Kaplan-Meier以及Cox回归分析比较不同营养评估方法与患者全因死亡风险的差别. 结果 Kaplan-Meier分析提示：SGA＜25分患者的死亡风险较SGA≥25分患者高（P＜0.05）,MIS＞10分组比MIS≤10分死亡风险高（P＞0.05）.以MNA-SF分组,MNA-SF≥11分死亡风险低于NA-SF＜11分（P＞0.05）.多因素Cox回归分析提示,SGA及MIS不同分组仍然与维持性血液透析患者不同的全因死亡风险有关（P＜0.05）. 结论 不同营养评估方法对于维持性血液透析患者长期生存的预测能力不同,SGA法以及MIS法所评价的营养状况与维持性血液透析患者长期的全因死亡风险有较好相关性.     

皮肤美容中药特殊外用制剂定义探讨(二)

目的:规范皮肤美容中药外用制剂。方法:以中华人民共和国药典为依据,结合皮肤美容特点进行定义(楷体字表示)和释义。结果:对散剂、醋剂、油剂、酒剂、线剂、丹剂、条剂、烟熏剂、熏蒸剂、膏药、药膏剂、糊膏剂、生鲜剂、沐浴剂和面膜剂进行了定义和释义。结论:对皮肤美容中药特殊外用制剂进行了规范。     

A型肉毒毒素V形对称注射法面部除皱

目的　探讨A型肉毒毒素V形对称注射法在面部除皱中的应用优势。方法　采用A型肉毒毒素V形对称注射治疗面部皱纹 ,注射点均在靶肌肉内呈V形排布 ,位置、间距对称 ,分布均匀 ,且精确定量。行A型肉毒毒素以V形对称注射法治疗面部皱纹的患者 1 1 6例 ,其中额部皱纹患者 49例 ,眉间部皱纹患者 2 3例 ,鼻背部皱纹患者1 1例 ,双侧鱼尾纹患者 33例。结果　 1 1 6例患者中效果优良 96例占 82 .76 % ,满意 1 8例占 1 5 .52 % ,失败 2例占1 .72 %。无一例发生中毒、过敏、上睑下垂、复视、下睑外翻等严重并发症。结论　A型肉毒毒素V形对称注射治疗面部皱纹 ,注射点均在靶肌肉内呈V字形排布 ,位置、间距对称 ,分布均匀 ,且精确定量 ,能有效的防止并发症的发生 ,临床效果优良     

Relationship between sarcopenia,six‐minute walk distance and health‐related quality of life in liver transplant candidates

Sarcopenia, or loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in liver transplant (LT) candidates. Six‐minute walk distance (6MWD) and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) as assessed by short form 36 scores (SF‐36) also impact clinical outcomes in these patients. This study explored the relationship between the sarcopenia, 6MWD, and HRQOL in LT candidates. Sarcopenia was evaluated based on skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) quantified from abdominal computed tomography. Patients were followed until death, removal from the wait list or the end of the study period. Two hundred and thirteen patients listed for LT were included. The mean SMI, 6MWD and mean gait speed were 54.3 ± 9.7, 370.5 m and 1 m/s, respectively. Sarcopenia was noted in 22.2% of LT candidates. There was no correlation between sarcopenia, 6MWD, and SF‐36 scores. The 6MWD, but not sarcopenia, was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio = 2.1 [0.9–4.7]). In summary, sarcopenia did not emerge as a significant predictor of waitlist mortality and also failed to correlate with either functional capacity or HRQOL in LT candidates. In patients with ESLD awaiting LT, 6MWD appears to be a more useful prognostic indicator than the presence of sarcopenia.     

Predictive markers of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in end-stage renal disease patients

Objective: Uremia is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Cardiac injury markers, such as myoglobin, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), or troponins, frequently used to recognize acute coronary events, may be falsely elevated in this patient group. In this study, our aim was to (i) test serum levels of myoglobin, CK-MB, and troponin I (cTnI) in ESRD patients without coronary artery disease (CAD) and compare the results with healthy controls and (ii) to investigate the association between these markers and carotid artery intima–media thickness (CA–IMT), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and serum uric acid (SUA) levels in ESRD patients. Materials and methods: Fifty-two ESRD patients (25 hemodialysis and 27 peritoneal dialysis) and 17 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum levels of myoglobin, CK-MB, and cTnI were measured and ultrasonographic CA–IMT was determined in all participants. SUA and hs-CRP levels were only measured in the ESRD group. Results: Serum myoglobin, CK-MB levels, and the mean CA–IMT were significantly higher in ESRD group (p < 0.01), whereas cTnI levels were not different compared to healthy controls (p = 0.70). There was also a positive correlation between CA–IMT and cTnI levels (p = 0.003, r = 0.35) and CA–IMT and hs-CRP (p = 0.03, r = 0.30) or SUA levels (p = 0.003, r = 0.43). Conclusion: cTnI may serve as a more sensitive marker in detecting cardiovascular events in patients with renal failure. Besides the traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis, cTnI, hs-CRP, and SUA may have a predictive role in recognizing premature atherosclerosis in ESRD patients.     

常用化学消毒剂对细菌L型的杀灭效果

采用纸片法和试管法对细菌L型进行杀菌试验。结果表明,戊二醛、新洁尔灭对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌和枯草杆菌有较强的抑制作用,对大肠杆菌作用差。碘伏对细菌L型作用差。     

膝关节镜下大骨节病与骨性关节炎的病理形态对照分析

目的 通过膝关节镜将大骨节病与骨性关节炎病变形态进行对照，以便膝关节镜下对大骨节病的诊断和选择治疗方法。方法 采用膝关节清理术，于膝关节手术中镜下观察滑膜、髌骨、股骨、胫骨及半月板改变。结果 大骨节病患者膝关节的滑膜、软骨、半月板损伤重且改变明显，与骨性关节炎比较差异有显著意义。结论 尽管大骨节病发展的结局也是骨性关节炎，但其病理形态与骨性关节炎仍有差别，手术中要充分考虑大片软骨剥离的特殊性。     

克霉唑治疗轻中度外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的疗效及对患者依从性的影响

目的 对比分析两种剂型克霉唑在轻中度外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)治疗中的临床价值。方法 以随机数字表法,将2019年5月—2020年8月收治的98例轻中度VVC患者予以分组,观察组49例,给予克霉唑乳膏治疗,对照组49例,给予克霉唑阴道片治疗,对两组治疗效果、症状缓解时间、不良反应发生情况及患者依从性予以观察。结果 观察组治疗总有效率为97.96%与对照组93.88%比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.2606,P=0.581);观察组外阴肿胀缓解时间比对照组短(2.63±0.51vs2.97±0.65 d,t=2.881,P=0.005),差异有统计学意义;观察组外阴瘙痒缓解时间比对照组短(2.35±0.47vs2.71±0.59 d,t=3.341,P=0.001);观察组阴道分泌物异常缓解时间比对照组短(2.92±0.63vs3.28±0.67 d,t=2.740,P=0.007);观察组不良反应发生率为8.16%,与对照组4.08%比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.178,P=0.625),;观察组用药依从率为100.00%稍高于对照组9...     

In Vitro Direct and Indirect Cytotoxicity Comparative Analysis of One Pre-Hydrated versus One Dried Acellular Porcine Dermal Matrix

Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the direct and indirect cytotoxicity of a porcine dried acellular dermal matrix (PDADM) versus a porcine hydrated acellular dermal matrix (PHADM) in vitro. Both are used for periodontal and peri-implant soft tissue regeneration. Materials and methods: Two standard direct cytotoxicity tests—namely, the Trypan exclusion method (TEM) and the reagent WST-1 test (4-3-[4-iodophenyl]-2-[4-nitrophenyl]-2H-[5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzol-desulphonated)—were performed using human primary mesenchymal stem cells (HPMSCs) seeded directly onto a PDADM and PHADM after seven days. Two standard indirect cytotoxicity tests—namely, lactate dehydrogenase (LTT) and MTT (3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide)—were performed using HPMSCs cultivated in eluates from the matrices incubated for 0.16 h (10 min), 1 h, and 24 h in a serum-free cell culture medium. Results: The WST and the TEM tests revealed significantly lower direct cytotoxicity values of HPMSCs on the PHADM compared with the PDADM. The indirect cytotoxicity levels were low for both the PHADM and PDADM, peaking in short-term eluates and decreasing with longer incubation times. However, they were lower for the PHADM with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.005). Conclusions: The results of the current study demonstrated a different biologic behavior between the PHADM and the PDADM, with the hydrated form showing a lower direct and indirect cytotoxicity.