Testing fidelity to a new psychological intervention for family members of substance misusers during implementation in Italy

Providing treatment and help to family members of people with alcohol and drug problems is a new approach. In the UK, a new intervention—the ‘5‐Step Method’— has been developed, which has shown positive results in reducing family members' symptoms and improving their coping. This method has been utilized in Italy, also with positive results. This paper analyses 52 treatment reports compiled by the treating professionals, to examine how well the method has been introduced into the Italian sociocultural context. Information about the intervention from these treatment reports was grouped into categories by independent judges. These categories were analysed using univariate statistics, followed by multivariate dynamic analysis using STATIS, a multidimensional statistical methodology capable of analysing the temporal phenomenon (over the five sessions) in question. This methodology examined the resulting 3‐way matrix: cases, variables, and time. The analysis shows that the training was effective: the trained personnel did deliver the five steps and did do in each step what was suggested in the manual. It also suggests that some overall strategies, such as giving family members a plan and proposing up to five sessions with the family member are very helpful interventions. Suggestions for improving both the intervention, and for incorporating instruction in this method as part of initial professional training, are made.     

中医药治疗小儿哮喘气道炎症机制研究

中医药治疗小儿哮喘气道炎症的机制优势主要体现在以下方面：①验证了中医药在细胞分子水平上对气道炎症的防治作用,为中医药治疗哮喘提供了临床实验依据;②一些文献证明中医药或中西医结合控制气道炎症的作用优于单独使用激素治疗或其他西医常规治疗,中医药调节机体动态平衡的作用是其潜在优势;③中医药在哮喘缓解期仍有控制气道炎症的作用,其注重扶正固本的治则可有效缓解激素的不良反应,有助于解除对激素的依赖性。但中医药在此类研究中尚存在一些不足之处：①中医药对气道炎症的临床作用机制研究仍处于现代医学研究成果的验证阶段,即对若干指标的影响,缺少基于循证医学的理论创新;②由于临床标本采取受限,中医药对气道炎症的临床作用机制研究尚未进行纵向深入探索,不能充分揭示各因素之间的动态演变过程;③绝大多数文献没有考虑中医的证和症与检测指标的相关性,不能完全体现中医药在防治气道炎症方面的辨证施治精神;④部分临床能快速抑制气道炎症的复方缺少相关动物实验研究,尚无法深入揭示其作用机制,限制了中成药的研发与推广;⑤尚缺少多中心大样本研究,部分文献分组及统计方法不尽科学,影响研究质量。     

Standardization of a Re sodium perrhenate radiochemical solution using the TDCR method in liquid scintillation counting

Rhenium-186 has several current and potential applications in nuclear medicine. It decays by beta minus emissions mainly to the fundamental and the 137 keV excited levels of ¹⁸⁶Os and by electron capture to ¹⁸⁶W. This paper describes the standardization of this radionuclide using the Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio model (TDCR) method. This is done by the calculation of the energy transferred to the scintillator by considering the various decay/de-excitation paths following the disintegration of the nuclide. The uncertainty on the detection efficiency is evaluated by stochastic methods by considering statistical distribution of theoretical and experimental parameters used in the calculation model. The detection efficiency was found to be higher than 97%, allowing a relative standard uncertainty on the activity determination of about 0.3%.     

三种方法联合测量根管工作长度的准确性评价

目的:评价手感法、X线法和电测法联合应用测量根管工作长度的准确性.方法:选择离体牙123颗,216个根管按照牙根有无明显吸收分成两组,用三种方法分别测量两组的根管工作长度,将三种方法测量的结果平均得出三种方法联合应用的根管工作长度和准确率,并与电测法的准确率进行比较.结果:三联法在正常离体牙组的准确率(93.6%)略高于电测法(90.3%和89.5%).但无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而在牙根吸收组三联法的准确率(90.2%)则明显高于电测法(78.3%和73.9%).有显著性差差异(P＜0.05).根管预备前后电测法的准确率在两组中皆无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:手感法、X线法和电测法联合应用能提高牙根有明显吸收的牙齿根管长度测量的准确性.     

20AA复方氨基酸注射液细菌内毒素检查法的研究

目的研究20AA复方氨基酸注射液对细菌内毒素检查试验的干扰情况，建立其细菌内毒素的限量检查方法。方法参照《中国药典》2005年版二部附录细菌内毒素凝胶限量检查法进行实验，以不同生产厂家、不同批号的鲎试剂对多批供试品进行干扰试验。结果20AA复方氨基酸注射液经4倍稀释后对检测无干扰作用。结论该制剂可用细菌内毒素检查法替代家兔热原检查法控制产品质量，其内毒素限值为含内毒素量应〈1．2EU·ml^-1。     

CK-MB活性测定方法的影响及其与疾病临床关系分析

目的：探讨临床患者CK-MB测定采用免疫抑制法出现假性增高的影响因素以及分析增高与疾病谱的关系。方法选用自2010年12月-2012年2月来该院就诊2100例患者作为研究对象,运用免疫抑制法和速率法分别测定磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)和磷酸激酶(CK)活性。计算其比值(CK-MB/CK)与疾病谱的关系和分析CK-MB活性出现假性升高的影响因素。结果在2100例标本中测定出153例为CK-MB/CK超过30%患者,占总人数的7.28%,其中49例临床诊断为心肌梗死,104例临床诊断为非心肌梗死,占总人数4.95%。非心肌梗死患者中发生率最高的为恶性肿瘤31例(29.8%),其次是心血管病患者,CK-MB/CK增高程度与性别、年龄存在直线相关性(r=-0.307,-0.329、P=0.002,0.001<0.05)。结论 CK-MB/CK增高超过30%现象在恶性肿瘤等非心肌梗死疾病中存在率极高,并且存在导致CK-MB活性假性增高现象,故临床采用免疫抑制法检测应重视假性增高对疾病检测的影响。     

两种市售试剂盒检测无症状男性不育症门诊患者支原体感染及药敏状况

目的了解无症状男性不育症门诊患者支原体感染情况,比较两种试剂盒检测结果的判定符合率和药敏结果。方法使用两种市售试剂盒对303例男性不育症门诊患者的尿道棉拭子进行支原体培养、测定和药敏试验。结果两种试剂盒解脲脲原体（UU）培养阳性率分别为14．85％、15．84％,人型支原体（MH）培养阳性率均为2．97％;UU培养阳性和阴性结果判定总符合率达97．03％,MH总符合率高达100％;两种试剂盒敏感率最高的3种药物分别为交沙霉素（JOS）、强力霉素（DOx）、美满霉素（MIN）和阿奇霉素（AZI）、克拉霉素（CLA）、JOS,耐药率最高的药物均为环丙沙星（CIP）。结论无症状男性不育人群中确实有一定水平的支原体感染率或者携带率,市售两种试剂盒的支原体培养和药敏试验性能比较稳定、结果相对可靠。     

一种改进的溶血素测定法

目的：改进溶血素测定方法。方法：在待测样品中加入Ｓｙｓｍｅｘ公司生产的快速溶血剂－Ⅱ,用半自动生化仪测Ｄ５４０,计算出样品半数溶血值ＨＣ５０。结果：用该方法测定联苯双酯、环磷酰胺和阿司匹林３种已知药物对绵羊红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）致敏小鼠产生溶血素的影响,分别为无作用、抑制和增强,与以往文献报道的结果一致。结论：改进的溶血素测定法操作简单省时,可以用于药物筛选和药效评价。