副神经移接肩胛上神经术后肌电恢复规律的初步探讨

目的　探索副神经移位于肩胛上神经后冈下肌肌电恢复的规律。方法　对 46例副神经移接肩胛上神经者 ,于术后不同时期测定冈下肌复合运动动作电位 (CMAP)的波幅及潜伏期 ,并用SPSS统计软件进行KaplanMeier生存率的分析及数据、方程式的拟合。结果　 (1)术后冈下肌出现新生电位的平均时间为 3 11.98± 3 5 .87d ;(2 )不同随访时间的复合运动动作电位潜伏期 (L)、波幅 (A)及术后时间 (x)的关系 ,即经验方程式为L =13 .8764 + 2 10 7.3 2 /x(Rsq =0 .3 78) ;A =0 .710 6+ (-0 .0 171)x + (2E-0 6)x 2 + (-1E -7)x 3 (Rsq =0 .64 8)。结论　副神经移位于肩胛上神经术后不同时期复合运动动作电位的波幅及潜伏期的预测可提供经验方程式 ,并为临床早期判断手术疗效提供量化依据。     

Open mesh versus non-mesh repair of groin hernia meta-analysis of randomized trials leased on individual patient data

Abstract Background. The EU Hernia Trialists Collaboration was established to provide reliable evaluation of newer methods of groin hernia repair. It involved 70 investigators in 20 countries. Materials and methods. Twenty eligible trials (5016 participants) of open mesh vs. non-mesh groin hernia repair were identified. Meta-analysis was performed using raw individual patient data where possible. Results. Fewer hernia recurrences were reported after mesh repair. There were no clear differences between mesh and non-mesh groups in complications. Overall, those in the mesh groups had a shorter hospital stay, quicker return to usual activities and less frequent persisting pain, but individual trial results varied. Conclusions. The review provides strong evidence that open mesh repair is associated with a reduction in the risk of recurrence of between 50% and 75%. There is also some evidence of quicker recovery and of lower rates of persisting pain following open mesh repair. Electronic Publication     

多模态医学影像数据融合三维构建肢体肿瘤及其周围解剖整体结构

目的利用多模态医学影像数据三维重建和配准融合的方法构建肢体肿瘤及瘤周解剖整体结构,明确肿瘤的局部特征和三维空间关系,为肿瘤外科治疗术前评估和计划提供客观的空间可视化信息。方法采集4例肢体肿瘤患者盆部和大腿上段CT、MRI和MRA影像数据,分别导入三维重建软件,基于CT和MRI对人体不同组织结构成像敏感度的差异,从各模态影像数据中分别提取肿瘤及其周围目标结构进行三维重建。依据体内解剖参照点对各个组织的三维结构进行配准融合,构建肢体肿瘤及瘤周解剖整体结构。结果通过CT、MRI和MRA影像数据构建出包括肿瘤及周围骨骼、肌肉、神经、血管、盆腔脏器等组织的三维整体结构,显示了肿瘤的大小、形状、部位等局部特征以及肿瘤与其周围结构的三维空间关系。结论以多模态影像数据通过三维重建和配准融合的方法可以构建肿瘤区域多种组织的三维整体结构,清楚而直观地显示肿瘤的局部特征以及与周围结构的空间解剖关系,具有个体化肿瘤术前评估和计划的应用价值。     

甲状腺影像报告和数据系统在超声检查甲状腺结节中的应用

目的 探讨甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(thyroid imaging reporting and data system,TI-RADS)在超声检查甲状腺结节中的诊断价值.方法 收集292例(423个)甲状腺结节患者的超声资料,以组织病理学结果为参照标准,采用TI-RADS分级诊断标准进行回顾性评价.结果 423个甲状腺结节中,TI-RADS分级为1～5级者其恶性结节所占百分率分别为0(0/129)、6.3%(11/176)、33.3%(10/30)、86.8%(46/53)和100%(35/35).对甲状腺良性结节超声检查TI-RADS分级的灵敏度、特异度、正确率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为96.3%(309/321)、83.3%(85/102)、93.1%(394/423)、94.8%(309/326)和87.6%(85/97),阳性似然比、阴性似然比及Youden指数分别为5.77、0.04和79.6%.TI-RADS分级的良、恶性结节在形态、边界、内部回声、回声质地、内部构成和钙化灶方面所占比例的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001).结论 在甲状腺结节的超声检查中,应用TI-RADS分级诊断标准对临床诊断和治疗具有重要的指导价值.     

Complications and revision amputation following trauma-related lower limb loss

IntroductionTrauma-related amputations are a common cause of limb loss in the United States. Despite the military and public health impact of trauma-related amputations, distributions of various lower limb amputations and the relative frequency of complications and revision amputations have not been well described. We used the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) in order to investigate the epidemiology of trauma-related lower extremity amputations among civilians in U.S. trauma centers.Materials and methodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2011–2012 NTDB research data sets, using means and frequencies to characterize the patient population and describe the distribution of major lower extremity amputations. Multivariable regression models were fit to identify predictors of major post-surgical complications, revision amputation, length of hospitalization, and in-hospital mortality.ResultsA total of 2879 patients underwent a major lower extremity amputation secondary to a trauma-related lower limb injury, representing 0.18% of all NTDB trauma admissions from 2011 to 2012. 80.4% were male and 67.6% were white. The three most frequent definitive amputations preformed included trans-tibial (46%), trans-femoral (37.5%), and through foot (7.6%). The average length of hospitalization for all amputees was 22.7 days. Patients with at least one revision amputation stayed in the hospital approximately 5.5 days longer than patients not needing a revision amputation. 1204 patients (41.8%) required at least one revision amputation. 27.5% of amputees experienced at least one major post-surgical complication. African Americans experienced a 49% higher major post-surgical complication incidence and stayed, on average, 2.5 days longer in the hospital compared to whites. Injury severity score, age, hospital teaching status, presence of a crush injury, fracture location, presence of compartment syndrome, and experiencing a major post-surgical complication were all significant predictors of revision amputation.ConclusionWe report a high rate of complications and revision amputations among trauma-related lower limb amputees, and identify predictors of surgical outcomes that have not been described in the literature including African American race. Compartment syndrome is a significant predictor of major post-surgical complications, revision amputation, and length of hospitalization.     

Correlation between Hydroxyapatite Crystallite Orientation and Ultrasonic Wave Velocities in Bovine Cortical Bone

The mineral component of bone is mainly composed of calcium phosphate, constituting 70% of total bone mass almost entirely in the form of hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals. HAp crystals have a hexagonal system and uniaxial elastic anisotropy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of HAp crystallite preference on macroscopic elasticity. Ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity and the orientation of HAp crystallites in bovine cortical bone are discussed, considering microstructure, density, and bone mineral density (BMD). Eighty cube samples of cortical bone were made from two bovine femurs. The orientation of HAp crystallites was evaluated by integrated intensity ratio of (0002) peak using an X-ray diffractometer. Ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity was investigated with a conventional pulse system. The intensity ratio of HAp crystallites and velocity were measured in three orthogonal directions; most HAp crystallites aligned in the axial direction of the femurs. Our results demonstrate a linear correlation between velocity and intensity ratio in the axial direction. Significant correlation between velocity and BMD values was observed; however, the correlation disappeared if we focused on the identical type of microstructure. In conclusion, differences in microstructure type have an impact on density and BMD, which clearly affects the velocity. In addition, at the nanoscopic level, HAp crystallites aligned in the axial direction also affected the velocity and anisotropy.     

哮喘患者生活质量与其应对方式和社会支持的相关性研究

目的 探讨哮喘患者的生活质量及其与应对方式和社会支持的相关性。方法 应用成人哮喘生活质量评分表（AOLO））、简明健康调查问卷（SF36）、简易应对方式问卷、社会支持评定量表对204例哮喘患者进行调查。结果 哮喘患者的积极应对和社会支持与其生活质量呈正相关（P〈0、05，P〈0．01），消极应对与生活质量呈负相关（P〈0、05，P〈0、01）。结论 哮喘患者的生活质量水平较低，良好的应时方式和社会支持能提高其生活质量。     

雷达辐射对精液质量的影响

目的:研究雷达辐射对男性精液质量的影响。方法:①以35例非海员职业正常男性为对照组1,分析252例接受雷达辐射的海员精液常规变化情况;②以252例海员(对照组2)和对照组1为对照组分析96例解除雷达辐射后6～12个月海员的精液常规变化情况。结果:在精子密度、精子活动率及a级精子百分率,雷达辐射组极显著低于对照组1(P<0.01),而d级精子百分率和畸形精子百分率极显著高于对照组1(P<0.01);解除雷达辐射后恢复极明显的是精子的形态(P<0.01),精子活动率也有显著的恢复(P<0.05),但与对照组1相比,精子密度仍有显著差异(P<0.05),精子活动率、a级精子百分率、d级精子百分率和畸形率仍有极显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:雷达辐射对男性精液质量有一定影响;其主要表现在精子运动能力降低和精子畸形率升高;停止雷达辐射后精子的形态较容易恢复。     

血液透析专科护士应具备专业知识的调查研究

目的探讨血液透析专科护士应具备的专业知识,为培养血液透析专科护士设置培训内容提供依据。方法应用德尔菲法对北京、上海和黑龙江等地35位专家就血液透析专科护士应具备的专业知识进行2轮函询与论证。结果专家的权威程度为0.85,专家意见的集中程度高;2轮调查专家意见的和谐系数分别为0.27、0.41（均P〈0.01）。血液透析专科护士应具备的专业知识包括专科理论知识、专科实践知识和护理相关知识3大类34个条目。专家意见较一致的前几个条目为透析设备的管理、血管通路的管理、血液透析的观察技术、血液透析中即刻并发症的处理、血液透析患者及家属的心理护理、血液透析患者生活质量的评价、血液透析中心的护理风险管理等。结论专家对确定的血液透析专科知识协调程度较高,可将其作为血液透析专科护士培训内容,以提高护士专业知识水平。