Invasive genetic studies in multiple pregnancy

Invasive procedures for prenatal diagnosis in multiple gestations are relatively safe and effective. First-trimester chorionic villus sampling has a lower risk of procedure failure and of fetal loss than amniocentesis but it carries a higher risk of maternal cell or twin-twin cell contamination. In experienced hands, the safety, efficacy of sampling and accuracy of genetic analysis of chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis are similar. We describe our experience in amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling and cordocentesis in multiple pregnancy.     

炔诺酮肟对大鼠抗着床抗早孕作用机理的形态学研究

大鼠从妊娠第一天开始每日灌服炔诺酮肟4mg/kg,共3天。结果能引起早孕大鼠黄体细胞滑面内质网减少;脂滴大量积贮;抑制卵巢3β-羟基甾体脱氢酶活性,从而使卵巢孕酮生物合成受阻。药物还能引起早孕大鼠子宫蜕膜的病理改变,蜕膜细胞出现变性,坏死,宫腔内大量出血,白细胞浸润,胚胎发育不良,蜕膜细胞内糖原及碱性磷酸酶含量均下降。本文还讨论了药物引起卵巢孕酮生物合成受阻与蜕膜变化的关系。     

Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Asian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Nationwide Inception Cohort Study

Background/AimsInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, to date, there have been few studies on the risk of VTE in Asian IBD patients. We aimed to estimate the incidence of VTE in Asian IBD patients and to determine if IBD is related to increased VTE risk.MethodsWe performed a population-based cohort study between 2004 and 2015 using Korean National Health Insurance data. IBD and VTE were defined by ICD-10 codes. Incidence rates of VTE were calculated among patients with IBD and among age- and sex-matched controls. Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox regression with adjustment for multiple variables. We performed additional analyses stratifying by age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score, and disease type.ResultsAmong the 45,037 patients with IBD (IBD cohort) and 133,019 matched controls (non-IBD cohort) included in our analysis, 411 IBD patients and 641 controls developed VTE. The IBD cohort had a higher incidence rate ratio and risk of VTE than the non-IBD cohort (incidence rate ratio 1.92 and hazard ratio 1.93). Older age, female sex, higher CCI scores, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, use of steroids, and hospitalization were significant risk factors for VTE in patients with IBD.ConclusionsThe IBD patients in this study were approximately two times more likely to develop VTE than the non-IBD individuals. Our findings support the need for thromboprophylaxis in Asian IBD patients with various factors that further increase the risk of VTE.     

Checklists for Assessing Skills of Children With Type 1 Diabetes on Insulin Injection Technique

Background:School-aged children often participate in type 1 diabetes (T1D) self-care tasks. Despite widespread discussion about the importance of developing self-care skills in childhood, few explain how the health care team should assess the skills of children with T1D when performing insulin injections.Objective:We sought to assess content validity evidence in two checklists regarding injection technique performed by children.Methods:Two checklists were designed based on a systematic review of the insulin injection technique. Experts in pediatric diabetes, health literacy, and diabetes education assessed the checklists regarding their clarity, objectivity, and relevance. Content validity was assessed using the content validity ratio (CVR).Results:Eleven providers (72% nurses or physicians, professional experience 19.4 ± 10.1 years, 45% of specialists in endocrinology, and 18% in pediatrics) participated in the assessment. Experts considered items containing the word homogeneity inappropriate. Items related to the needle insertion angle and the skin fold did not reach the CVR critical value. The final version of the checklist for syringe injection comprised 22 items with CVR = 0.91, and the checklist for pen injection comprised 18 items with CVR = 0.87.Conclusions:The checklists presented clear, objective, and relevant content that assesses the skills of children with T1D for insulin injection. The checklists formally present the order of the technique and all the steps for insulin injection and allow a quantitative assessment of the operational skills of children. The developed instruments offer providers the possibility of continuous assessment of the progress of the pediatric clientele until they reach independence in diabetes self-care.     

Sex-Dependent Effects of the Intake of NOVA Classified Ultra-Processed Foods on Syndrome Metabolic Components in Brazilian Adults

Longitudinal studies evaluating the relationship between UPF consumption and the incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its components are still scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of UPF consumption on the incidence of MetS and its components in adults. A prospective study was conducted with 896 participants from the 1978/79 Ribeirão Preto cohort, São Paulo, Brazil. UPF consumption was evaluated in %kcal and %g at ages 23–25 years. Incidence of MetS and its components were estimated at ages 37–39 years, according to the Joint Interim Statement criteria. Poisson regression was used to assess associations, and interactions with sex were investigated. UPF consumption had no association with MetS (%kcal Adjusted PR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99–1.01; %g Adjusted PR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99–1.01). However, women with higher UPF consumption, in %kcal and %g, had a higher risk of abdominal obesity (%kcal: p = 0.030; %g: p = 0.003); and women with higher UPF consumption, in %g, had a higher risk of low HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.041). For the other components of MetS, no significant associations were observed in either sex. These findings suggest evidence of no association between UPF consumption and MetS; however, consumption of UPF was associated with increased WC and low HDL-c, but only in women.     

鼻咽癌四野面颈联合野适形放疗可行性研究及近期疗效分析

目的本研究采用四野面颈联合野放疗治疗鼻咽癌患者,分析急性放射性反应和近期疗效。方法101例初治鼻咽癌患者进行四野面颈联合野适形放疗,其中90例接受FP方案同步化疗及辅助性化疗。结果患者在7周内完成治疗计划,四野面颈联合野适形放疗获得了满意的剂量分布。鼻咽癌病灶完全缓解(completeremission,CR)为95.0%(96/101),部分缓解(partial remission,PR)5.0%(5/101),总有效率达100.0%,淋巴结病灶CR 90.1%(91/101),PR 6.9%(7/101),总有效率为97.0%,1年总生存率、无瘤生存率分别为100.0%、97.0%,不良反应主要为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级放射性黏膜炎、白细胞下降。结论四野面颈联合野适形放疗剂量分布满意,近期疗效满意,急性放射反应可耐受,远期疗效及组织损伤尚有待长期随访观察。     

不完全型P450 17α酶缺乏症六例报道及分析

目的 探讨不完全型P45017α酶（17α羟化爵每／17,20裂解酶）缺乏症（17OHD）的临床特征、鉴别诊断和处理方法。方法 回顾性分析北京协和医院6例不完全型17OHD的临床特征,并通过文献复习讨论该病的发病机制和典型的临床特征。结果 6例中4例为46,XX不完全型17OHD患者,其临床特征包括女性表型、不同程度的乳房发育、阴毛少、月经稀发或继发闭经、反复发作的卵巢囊肿、性腺功能低下伴持续性血清孕酮和（或）17α羟孕酮水平升高、合并或不合并低钾性高血压;另2例为46,XY不完全型17OHD患者,伴有不同程度的外生殖器性别不清和低钾性高血压。结论 不完全型17OHD是一种极为罕见的先天性甾体合成酶缺乏,临床上出现月经异常、性发育幼稚、反复发作的卵巢囊肿或外生殖器性别不清时应考虑此病。     

存活5年以上老年胃癌22例临床分析

本文总结我院1972年以来追随观察生存五年以上老年胃癌22例。早期胃癌占45%(10/22),进展期胃癌占55%(12/22)。腺癌占95%(21/22)。淋巴结转移32%(7/22)。全部经根治性手术。术后接受化疗14人占64%,其中进展期胃癌占86%(12/14)。提示手术及术后化疗对延长生命都起着重要作用。尤其对进展期胃癌伴淋巴结转移者更重要。对腺癌效果较好,胃体癌预后较佳。小剂量多疗程化疗是一种安全、稳妥、可靠的方法,尤其适用于老年患者。     

皮肤粘膜淋巴结综合征57例临床分析

对５７例川崎病患者的临床分析及随访表明，该病好发于４岁以下小儿，常并有心血管损害（６６．７％），其中以冠状动脉扩张及瘤样改变最为多见。对３８例有心血管损害者随访１个月至４年，发现心电图异常于热退后１月内恢复者居多，冠状动脉扩张于病后１月至１年内消失者居多。说明长期随访很有必要。     

青少年自虐行为发生诱因的病例对照研究

目的 探讨青少年自虐行为的发生诱因，为青春期心理教育提供依据。方法 采用问卷调查的形式，调查某市年龄在18～19岁男生1032人，女生980人，共计2012人。结果 自虐行为发生率为12．77％，自虐行为2次或2次以上占74．32％，青少年自虐行为重复发生的可能性大；男、女生自虐行为的发生诱因有差异。结论 家庭和学校应给予正确的引导，提高他们的社会适应性及对困难和挫折的心理承受能力。