解剖锁定与普通钢板治疗闭合SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折的病例对照研究

目的 :比较解剖锁定钢板(anatomical locking plate,ALP)与普通钢板(ordinary steel plate,OSP)治疗闭合SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年5月至2018年5月收治的68例闭合SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折患者,根据内固定方式不同分为解剖锁定钢板内固定组(ALP组)和普通钢板内固定组(OSP组),每组34例。ALP组男21例,女13例;年龄20～63(35.16±8.45)岁;SandersⅡ型14例,SandersⅢ型20例;采用ALP内固定治疗。OSP组男20例,女14例;年龄19～63(35.05±8.39)岁;SandersⅡ型19例,SandersⅢ型15例;采用OSP内固定治疗。观察并比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量及并发症情况,比较术前和术后6、12个月B?hler角、Gissane角的变化情况,并分别于术后6、12个月采用美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic FootAnkle Society,AOFAS)踝与后足评分和伤残指数评分(foot and ankle disability index,FADI)评价手术疗效。结果:68例患者均获得随访,时间11～14(12.06±0.81)个月。两组手术时间、术中出血量、切口感染和再次骨折例数比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组螺钉松动例数比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后6、12个月ALP组B?hler角、Gissane角高于OSP组(P0.05);且ALP组B?hler角、Gissane角改善幅度高于OSP组(P0.05)。ALP组术后6、12个月AOFAS评分均高于OSP组(P0.05),但两组AOFAS评级比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。ALP组术后6、12个月FADI评分高于OSP组(P0.05)。结论:与普通钢板相比,应用解剖锁定钢板治疗SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折能取得更好的治疗效果,避免螺钉松动,减少并发症,更好地改善患肢功能。     

人工骨和自体骨在复杂跟骨骨折异形钢板内固定术中的病例对照研究

目的 :比较人工骨与自体骨在复杂跟骨骨折异形钢板内固定术中的临床疗效。方法:自2015年4月至2019年4月收治60例复杂跟骨骨折患者行切开复位异形钢板内固定术治疗,按照植骨材料不同分为试验组和对照组,每组30例。试验组男21例,女9例;年龄18～71(36.85±7.42)岁;SandersⅢ型19例,SandersⅣ型11例;采用人工骨植入。对照组男23例,女7例,年龄20～69(37.26±7.38)岁;SandersⅢ型18例,SandersⅣ型12例;采用自体骨植入。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后切口干燥时间、愈合时间及并发症情况,比较术前及术后3个月B?hler角及Gissane角变化情况,采用Maryland评分评价患足功能恢复情况。结果:两组患者术后均获得随访,时间3～15(10.15±2.67)个月。试验组手术时间、术中出血量分别为(89.32±12.43) min、(101.64±5.13) ml,对照组分别为(112.45±13.82) min、(119.01±5.26) ml,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后切口干燥时间、愈合时间、并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组术前、术后3个月B?hler角分别为(14.19±2.47)°、(34.52±4.41)°,对照组分别为(14.08±2.35)°、(33.67±4.36)°;试验组术前及术后3个月Gissane角分别为(90.16±6.43)°、(131.45±9.83)°,对照组分别为(90.11±6.37)°、(130.87±9.24)°;两组术后3个月B?hler角、Gissane角与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但两组术后3个月B?hler角、Gissane角比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时,两组Maryland评分各项目评分、总分及优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在复杂跟骨骨折异形钢板内固定术中,采用人工骨和自体骨在促进骨折恢复方面效果相当,且术后切口干燥时间、愈合时间及并发症发生情况相近,但使用人工骨可减少术中出血量,缩短手术时间。     

两种内固定方法治疗髌骨下极粉碎性骨折的病例对照研究

目的:对比研究张力带联合髌骨环扎、记忆合金聚髌器固定两种方法治疗髌骨下极粉碎性骨折疗效。方法:2015年7月至2019年7月收治60例髌骨下极骨折患者,根据手术方式的不同分为两组,A组30例采用记忆合金聚髌器(NiTi-PC)固定,男17例,女13例,年龄20～71(39.4±9.9)岁,其中摔伤19例,交通伤9例,运动伤2例,受伤至手术时间10～75(33.1±7.8)h;B组30例采用张力带加环扎固定,男15例,女15例,年龄21～76(38.6±10.2)岁,其中摔伤17例,交通伤12例,砸伤1例,受伤至手术时间10～91(34.5±9.1) h。观察对比两组患者的疗效。结果:60例患者均获随访,随访时间9～30个月。两组术中出血量、手术时间、随访时间及骨折愈合时间比较差异无统计学意义。术后6个月按照膝关节Bostman功能评分:A组30例(28.6±4.7)分,其中优26例,良4例;B组30例(25.5±4.4)分,其中优20例,良8例,差2例;两组Bostman总评分和疗效评价结果比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),A组评分明显优于B组。B组有1例出现克氏针退针,2例关节僵硬,3例出现内固定激惹。结论:记忆合金聚髌器治疗髌骨下极骨折内固定坚强可靠,术后能早期行康复功能锻炼,关节功能及活动度恢复好,并发症少。     

Obstructive sleep apnea remission following bariatric surgery: a national registry cohort study

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome. Bariatric surgery is an effective available treatment for OSA; however, limited research predicts which patients undergoing bariatric surgery will undergo OSA resolution.ObjectivesTo determine perioperative predictors for OSA resolution following bariatric surgery using a national database.SettingUnited Kingdom national bariatric surgery database.MethodsThe UK National Bariatric Surgery Registry (NBSR) was interrogated to identify all patients with OSA that underwent primary bariatric surgery between January 2009 and June 2017. Those with at least 1 follow-up recording postoperative OSA status were selected for further analysis. Demographic, pre- and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed. Poisson multivariate regression was conducted to identify predictors of OSA remission.ResultsA total of 4015 bariatric cases were eligible for inclusion: 2482 (61.8%) patients underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), 1196 (29.8%) sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), and 337 (8.4%) adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Overall, the mean excess weight loss (EWL) % for the whole group was 61.2 (SD ± 27.2). OSA resolution was recorded in 2377 (59.2%) patients. Following Poisson regression, LRYGB (risk ratio [RR], 1.49 confidence interval [CI] 1.25–1.78) and LSG (RR, 1.46 [CI 1.22–1.75] were associated with approximately 50% increased likelihood of OSA remission compared with LAGB. Greater weight loss following intervention was associated with greater likelihood of OSA remission, while both greater age and greater preoperative body mass index (BMI) were associated with reduced likelihood of OSA remission (P < .001).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that metabolic surgery results in OSA remission in the majority of patients with obesity. Younger age, lower BMI preprocedure, greater %EWL and the use of LSG or LRYGB positively predicted OSA remission.     

The PROMIS Upper Extremity Computer Adaptive Test Correlates With Previously Validated Metrics in Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Background: The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Upper Extremity (PROMIS UE) computer adaptive test was developed to improve precision and reduce question burden. We hypothesized that in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS): (1) PROMIS UE would correlate with established patient-reported outcome measures (PROs); (2) the time and number of questions required would be lower than current metrics; (3) there would be no floor or ceiling effects; and (4) PROMIS UE would not correlate with disease severity. Methods: Patients undergoing electrodiagnostic evaluation found to have a primary diagnosis of unilateral CTS prospectively completed PROMIS UE, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (qDASH), and Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ). Electrophysiologic and clinical severity was recorded. The relationships among PROs were described with Spearman coefficients. A floor or ceiling effect was confirmed if >15% of patients achieved the lowest or highest possible score, respectively. Results: Fifty-one patients (average, 53.9 years) were enrolled. An excellent correlation was identified between PROMIS UE and qDASH (R = −0.76, P < .001). There was a good correlation between PROMIS UE and BCTQ (R = −0.58, P < 0.001). The PROMIS UE required less time and fewer questions than qDASH and BCTQ (P = .02 and P < .001). There were no floor or ceiling effects. Neither neurophysiologic nor clinical severity correlated with PROMIS UE (R = 0.24, P > .05 and R = −0.18, P > .05). Conclusions: The PROMIS UE has an excellent correlation with qDASH and a good correlation with BCTQ in patients with CTS. Furthermore, PROMIS UE required less time and fewer questions than established PROs. Used as a single PRO, PROMIS UE represents a practical alternative to current metrics in patients with CTS.     

基于预防接种异常反应补偿的山东省卡介苗淋巴结炎经济负担测算

目的了解山东省卡介苗(BCG)淋巴结炎经济负担情况。方法以2011年5月至2019年12月山东省304例申请省级补偿的BCG淋巴结炎病例为对象,收集患者基本情况、预防接种相关情况、门诊(住院)病历和收费票据等相关资料,对其直接经济负担(包括直接医疗费用和直接非医疗费用)、间接经济负担和总经济负担进行测算,比较不同特征病例经济负担的差异。结果304例BCG淋巴结炎患者月龄的M(Q1,Q3)为3(2,4)月,其中男性239例(78.6%),淋巴结破溃71例(23.4%),手术227例(74.7%)。单纯门诊、单纯住院和门诊后住院病例分别占25.7%(78例)、7.2%(22例)和67.1%(204例)。贴现后单例直接、间接和总经济负担的M(Q1,Q3)分别为9910(5713,16074)、2081(1547,3122)和12262(7694,18571)元。直接医疗费用占直接经济负担的89.4%,直接经济负担占总经济负担的84.9%,80.0%病例的总经济负担仅占其补偿金额的20.0%左右,只有2.3%的病例总经济负担占补偿金额的60.0%以上。单纯住院和门诊后住院病例的直接、间接和总经济负担高于单纯门诊病例,手术病例的直接、间接和总经济负担高于非手术病例,淋巴结未破溃病例的直接和总经济负担高于破溃病例(均P<0.05)。结论山东省BCG淋巴结炎病例经济负担受诊疗方式的影响,且以直接医疗费用为主。     

Impacto de la fragilidad y COVID-19 en una cohorte de gente mayor de la ciudad de Barcelona

Objetive To describe the incidence and mortality of the first wave of COVID-19 in the elderly population of Barcelona, according to their previous levels of frailty.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting and participantsPopulation aged 65 or over assigned to the Barcelona Primary Care centres of the Institut Català de la Salut, followed between March and June 2020.Main measurementsFrailty was calculated at baseline from the computerised medical records. Results during follow-up: diagnosis of COVID-19, possible or confirmed with PCR and all-cause mortality.Results251 788 patients over 64 years of age were analysed, 61.3% had some level of frailty, 27.8% moderate or severe. The incidence of COVID-19 was 3.13 cases per 100 inhabitants (N = 7883) and the mortality from COVID-19 was 21.5% (N = 1691). Both the incidence and mortality from COVID-19 were higher at older age, in men, at greater deprivation and at a higher level of frailty. Individuals with mild, moderate, and severe frailty had an adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) for COVID-19 disease of 1.47, 2.08, and 3.50, respectively. Among subjects with COVID-19, those with mild, moderate, and severe frailty had an adjusted HR for COVID-19 mortality of 1.44, 1.69, and 2.47, respectively.ConclusionsWe consider it necessary to address frailty also in a pandemic situation, since it is a treatable condition and in turn a more serious risk factor for COVID-19, where the role of primary care is essential, due to its accessibility and longitudinal character.     

Examining the relationship between the demand-control model and incident myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure in a representative sample of the employed women and men in Ontario,Canada, over a 15-year period

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between job strain and incident myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure in a representative population of men and women in Ontario, Canada, over a 15-year period.MethodsA total of 14,508 respondents having provided responses to either the 2000/2001, 2002, or 2003 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) were aged 35 and older at the time and working. After removing respondents with pre-existing heart disease and missing data, our sample totaled 13,291 respondents. Responses were linked to administrative health care and hospitalization data to capture incident cases of myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure up to March 31, 2017. Job control and psychological demands were assessed using 5 items and 2 items respectively. A series of time-to-event regression models were run, adjusting sequentially for socio-demographic variables and health, other psychosocial work exposures, and health behaviours and body mass index.ResultsOver the study period, there were 199,583 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up: 15 years, 233 days). Higher incidence rates were observed for men (6.69 per 100 persons) than for women (2.77 per 100 persons). No clear relationship was observed for demand-control exposures and incidence of myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure in either men or women. After adjustment for socio-demographic factors, pre-existing health conditions, and other psychosocial exposures, the hazard ratio for high strain exposure (compared with low strain exposure) was 0.92 (0.46–1.84) for women and 0.75 (0.44–1.27) for men.ConclusionIn this large prospective cohort in Canada, we observed no relationship between components of the demand-control model and incident myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure over a 15-year period.     

中国9个长寿地区65岁及以上人群氧化应激水平与高甘油三酯血症的关联研究

目的探讨我国长寿地区65岁及以上老年人氧化应激水平与高甘油三酯血症的关系。方法研究对象来源于2017-2018年“老年健康生物标志物队列研究”,最终将我国9个长寿地区2393名65岁及以上老年人群纳入研究。通过问卷调查和体格检测,收集调查对象的人口学特征、生活方式及健康状况等信息,同时采集调查对象的静脉血以检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及甘油三酯水平。采用限制性立方样条拟合多重线性回归模型分析MDA、SOD与甘油三酯的关联,采用广义线性混合效应模型分析氧化应激与高甘油三酯血症的关联。结果2393例调查对象年龄为(84.6±11.3)岁,最小65岁,最大112岁;男性1145名(47.9%);甘油三酯水平为(1.4±0.8)mmol/L,高甘油三酯血症检出率为9.99%(239名)。限制性立方样条拟合多重线性回归模型分析结果显示,MDA水平与甘油三酯水平呈线性关联;SOD水平与与甘油三酯水平呈非线性关联。广义线性混合效应模型分析结果显示,调整相关混杂因素后,MDA每升高1 nmol/ml,高甘油三酯血症检出风险增加[OR(95%CI)值为1.063(1.046,1.081)];SOD每升高1 U/ml,高甘油三酯血症检出风险降低[OR(95%CI)值分别为0.986(0.983,0.989)]。结论我国9个长寿地区65岁及以上老年人MDA和SOD水平与高甘油三酯血症发生风险有关联。