西藏那曲地区藏族学生恒牙龋病现状调查

目的了解那曲地区藏族学生龋病患病情况,为当地制定口腔预防保健措施提供基线资料。方法采用单纯随机抽样方法,按照WHO 1997年的《口腔健康调查基本方法》,对12～17岁的471名藏族学生进行恒牙龋病检查。结果藏族学生恒牙总患龋率为56.7%,男生患龋率为53.9%,女生患龋率为59.1%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.258,P=0.262);龋均为(4.09±2.11),男生龋均为(4.04±2.10),女生龋均为(4.13±2.11),差异无统计学意义(t=-0.646,P=0.518)。结论那曲地区藏族学生恒牙龋病患病率较高、程度较重,预防治疗措施急需加强。     

Uptake of technetium 99m MDP by hepatoblastoma

Focal uptake of ^99mTc-MDP was seen in a case of hepatoblastoma. The focal uptake corresponded to an area of calcification on CT, which was shown histologically to consist of osteoid with mineralization. The mechanism of uptake by the tumor in this case is likely to be the same as for skeletal uptake.     

南阳市1999～2001年新生儿破伤风疫情监测

目的 对南阳市3年的新生儿破伤风疫情监测结果进行分析，掌握该市新生儿破伤风发病概况，有针对地制订防治对策。方法 对3年的监测资料进行分析评价。结果 1999—2001年3年的发病率分别为0．09‰、0．07‰、0．04‰，发病县3年的年发病率均小于1‰。结论 开展各种形式的宣传活动，提倡住院分娩，推广消毒接生，对育龄妇女进行破伤风类毒素接种，从而有效降低其发病率。     

Nodular sarcoidosis of the liver and spleen: Appearance on MR images

Small nodular lesions in the liver and spleen have been reported as an infrequent manifestation of sarcoidosis. Five patients with this appearance on either dynamic contrast material—enhanced computed tomographic (CT) or ultrasound scans underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with and without dynamic gadolinium enhancement. The lesions were relatively uniform in size, ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 cm. On CT scans, they were hypoattenuating relative to surrounding parenchyma. On MR images, the lesions were hypointense relative to background parenchyma with all sequences. No substantial enhancement was observed in the lesions, although lesion conspicuity decreased over time on serial postcontrast images. Lesion conspicuity was greatest on either T2-weighted fat-suppressed (T2FS) images or early-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced images. Abdominal adenopathy was seen in three of the five patients and was hyperintense relative to liver on T2FS images in two and intermediate in intensity in one patient.     

Measurement of skeletal muscle motion in vivo with phase-contrast MR imaging

The ability to measure skeletal muscle motion with phase-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was tested with a motion phantom that simulated muscle activity. Quantitative analytic data on unidimensional, bidirectional skeletal muscle motion measured in vivo was obtained in four healthy volunteers. MR images of the subjectss' forearms were obtained during flexion and extension of the fingers and of the anterior and posterior muscle compartments of the lower leg with various resistances to ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. It was necessary to correct the data for the effects of eddy currents. In vitro evaluation of the technique was done by studying through-plane sinusoidal motion of solid objects. The largest error was underestimation of the peak excursion of 11.5 mm by 0.09 mm (the root mean square error for the cycle was 0.04 mm) In vivo experiments demonstrated the contraction of muscles in relation to each other. Data acquisition and analysis techniques must be refined, but measuring skeletal muscle motion with phase-contrast MR imaging should enhance the understanding of bioengineering fundamentals and muscular changes in disease and adaptation.     

腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除和开腹子宫全切除临床对照研究

目的 :探讨腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除术 (CISH)的手术方法和临床效果。方法 :选择CISH患者 6 0例 (腹腔镜组 )与开腹子宫全切除术 6 0例 (开腹组 )为研究对象。术前B超检测两组子宫大小无明显差异 ,术后两组的病理诊断均为良性。结果 :腹腔镜组 6 0例均获成功 ,与开腹组相比 ,腹腔镜组术中出血少 ,术后最高体温低 ,术后用药少 ,患者痛苦小 ,住院时间短 ,术后发热率低 ,术后并发症发生率低。结论 :CISH具有很多微创手术的优点 ,适合良性子宫病变患者。     

MR susceptometry: an external-phantom method for measuring bulk susceptibility from field-echo phase reconstruction maps

A novel method for estimating the susceptibility of an object by using the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging field distortions in an external-reference water bath next to the object is described. The field measurement was obtained with a phase reconstruction from a gradient-echo acquisition. A field model of an arbitrary object in a static magnetic field was discretely calculated from geometry determined from the magnitude reconstruction. Least-squares estimation yields the susceptibility of the object. Required (and proven) assumptions include validity of superposition, object homogeneity, negligible higher-order field terms, field-model accuracy, geometric-model accuracy, and correlation of gradient-echo phase to field distortion. MR susceptometry estimation of phantoms yielded susceptibility estimates that correlated well with known values (r >.9975). This MR susceptometry method is a first step toward quantitation of iron levels through MR imaging phase information in patients with iron overload.     

Time-resolved MR imaging by automatic data segmentation

A method for time-resolved imaging that provides a flexible trade-off between imaging time and temporal resolution is presented. It is based on a view order selection technique that automatically segments the acquired raw data into appropriate temporal frames. When used with cardiac monitoring and phase-contrast imaging, data similar to that obtained with a conventional gated phase-contrast sequence are acquired rapidly. For many applications, the temporal resolution can be reduced enough to permit imaging within a breath-hold interval, while still allowing accurate time-averaged flow quantitation. This is a general technique that can be implemented within a variety of pulse sequences and can resolve other motion cycles, including the respiratory cycle.     

Whistling face syndrome: MR imaging findings in the brain

Whistling face syndrome or cranio-carpotarsal dysplasia is a very rare disorder that consists of a characteristics facies and digital abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the brain in this syndrome has not been reported previously. This communication describes the brain malformations in an infant with the syndrome, which covered delayed myelination, thickened and infolded cortices (cortical dysplasia), dysplastic corpus callosum, and agenesis of the inferior vermis.     

Remodeling Adult Nursing

This article describes a nursing education experience in which a critical thinking approach was planned and implemented. Background discussion on critical thinking concepts and related research provides a foundation for presentation of the Mackie teaching model. The model uses a community-based, family-centered scenario as the basis for developing problemfocused nursing intervention skills from a holistic viewpoint. Role expectations of students and faculty are outlined, and related implementation difficulties, together with their resolution strategies, are described. Evaluation methods and outcomes are reviewed in the conclusion.