Remodeling Adult Nursing

This article describes a nursing education experience in which a critical thinking approach was planned and implemented. Background discussion on critical thinking concepts and related research provides a foundation for presentation of the Mackie teaching model. The model uses a community-based, family-centered scenario as the basis for developing problemfocused nursing intervention skills from a holistic viewpoint. Role expectations of students and faculty are outlined, and related implementation difficulties, together with their resolution strategies, are described. Evaluation methods and outcomes are reviewed in the conclusion.     

Elevated body mass index and mortality risk in the elderly

The purpose of this report was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies examining the impact of an elevated body mass index (BMI) on mortality risk in elderly (> or =65 years) men and women. A variance-based method of meta-analysis was used to summarize the relationships from available studies. The summary relative risk of all-cause mortality from the 26 analyses that included a risk estimate for a BMI within the overweight range was 1.00 (95% confidence intervals, 0.97-1.03). The summary relative risk of all-cause mortality for the 28 analyses that included a risk estimate for a BMI within the obese range was 1.10 (1.06-1.13). These calculations indicate that a BMI in the overweight range is not associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality in the elderly, while a BMI in the moderately obese range is only associated with a modest increase in mortality risk.     

双支撑骨柱移植术治疗股骨头坏死的远期疗效分析

目的分析双支撑骨柱移植术治疗股骨头坏死的远期疗效。方法从1988年3月以来,采用双支撑骨柱移植术治疗成人股骨头坏死366例466髋,获5年以上随访者186例206髋,平均年龄32.2(20~60)岁。按病因分类:激素性者60例68髋,酒精性者86例96髋,激素加酒精者30例32髋,外伤性者10例10髋。ARCOⅡB、ⅡC、ⅢA、ⅢB、ⅢC、Ⅳ期患者分别为36、30、40、40、32、28髋。参照百分法进行疗效评价。结果术后所有患者的髋关节疼痛均获得明显缓解或消失,股骨头高度有不同程度增加,关节活动度有改善。平均随访时间10.5(5~16)年,手术前与随访时临床评价(疼痛、功能、关节活动度)、X线评价、总分数比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结果显示ⅡB~Ⅳ期优良率分别为83.3%、80.0%、75.0%、65.0%、40.6%、28.6%,总优良率为63.6%。Ⅱ期效果好(81.8%),Ⅲ期早期(ⅢA、ⅢB)效果较好(70%),ⅢC、Ⅳ期者效果差(35%)。期别间疗效依次降低,差异有统计学意义(P=0.0001)。30岁以内患者术后股骨头内植骨愈合较快,平均为3.2(2.9~3.5)个月。50~60岁患者植骨愈合需时较长,平均为5.5(4.4~6.4)个月。结论该术式治疗股骨头坏死的远期疗效良好,治疗效果与股骨头坏死期别有关,尤其适用于股骨头坏死Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期的早期病例。     

Significance of diffuse cardiac activity on In-111 labeled leucocyte scans

To assess the significance of diffuse cardiac activity (DCA) seen on In-111 labeled leukocyte scans, we reviewed 87 studies performed over the last 4 years. Inflammatory cardiac conditions were seen as frequently in patients with DCA (15%) as those without (7%, P=0.3). There was a higher ratio of RBC:WBC in the final WBC preparation in the false-positive DCA group than the true positive DCA and no DCA groups. False-positive studies showing DCA are most likely due to residual blood pool activity.Presented in part, 70th annual meeting, Radiological Society of North America, Washington D.C., 25 November 1984     

Sumatriptan nasal spray in the acute treatment of migraine in adolescents and children

About 4-10% of children and adolescents suffer from migraine. In the last few years, several studies have been performed to assess the efficacy and safety of triptans for the acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents. Only sumatriptan nasal spray has been approved for the treatment of acute migraine with or without aura in adolescents aged 12-17 years in Europe. This review describes the results of the studies with sumatriptan nasal spray that have been performed in children and adolescents, including a study performed in the Netherlands.     

绝经后高血压危险因素的Meta分析

背景 流行病学研究表明,绝经后女性的高血压患病率高于老年男性。近年来,有关绝经后高血压的临床表现、病理特征、发病机制、治疗方法等受到越来越多的关注,但由于受到研究设计、样本量、人群特征、资源不足等因素的影响,其危险因素的研究结果不一致且缺乏全面报道。目的 运用系统评价方式探讨女性绝经后高血压的危险因素,为更好地预防和管理绝经后高血压提供循证证据。方法 于2022年1—5月,计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、EmBase、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science电子数据库,获取与绝经后高血压危险因素相关的队列及病例对照研究。检索时限为建库起至2022-05-20。由2名研究者独立根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献、提取资料,采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）对所提取的文献进行偏倚风险评估,将得分≥6分（高质量）的文献纳入研究,最后采用RevMan 5.3对其进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入10篇文献,5篇为队列研究,5篇为病例对照研究,共涉及16个危险因素,总样本量为34 864,且均为高质量文献。Meta分析结果显示,...     

脂质比值与代谢综合征的关联及预测价值评价：基于多阶段横断面研究

背景 随着代谢性疾病发病率的上升,代谢综合征(MS)的预防与控制引起广泛的关注。而脂质比值是重要的筛查指标之一,与MS之间的关系成为热点研究话题。目的 基于贵州省多阶段横断面研究人群分析三酰甘油/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(TG/HDL-C)、总胆固醇/HDL-C(TC/HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/HDL-C(LDL-C/HDL-C)及非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)与MS发病风险的关联及预测价值评价。方法 回顾性选取贵州省参与2010年全国疾病监测地区慢性病及危险因素调查、2013年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测、2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测和2018年中国成人慢性病与营养监测的21 727例自然人群为研究对象,收集研究对象的基线资料,根据是否患有MS将研究对象分为MS组(n=4 981)和非MS组(n=16 746)。绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分别评价男性和女性TG/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C和non-HDL-C对MS的预测价值。通过Delong检验比较脂质比值预测MS发生的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)的差异。采用多因素Logistic回...     

The GABA hypothesis of kindling: Recent assay studies

The GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) hypothesis of kindling suggests that the permanent changes caused by the kindling procedure result from a loss of GABA-mediated inhibition. Pharmacological studies have generally supported this hypothesis: GABA-complex antagonists accelerate (or stimulate) kindling, whereas GABA-complex agonists retard (or reverse) it. Assay studies, however, have presented an inconsistent picture. Earlier studies found no GABAergic brain changes after kindling, whereas recent studies have reported postkindling changes in a number of GABA-related parameters. The crucial difference seems to be that earlier studies assayed GABA parameters in "whole tissue," whereas recent studies have concentrated on "synaptic" GABA. As indicated by recent studies, when the "metabolic pool" is excluded, kindled subjects show a variety of persistent abnormalities in the GABA system. These data are generally consistent with the GABA hypothesis of kindling.     

Application of adjunct techniques in cytologic material in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma: case report and review of the literature

A 4(1/2)-yr-old female presented with right-sided pleural effusion and a retroperitoneal mass. Cytologic analysis of the pleural fluid yielded malignant small round blue cells, which were noncohesive, 3-4 times the size of lymphocytes. The malignant cells had hyperchromatic, pleomorphic nuclei with moderate amounts of vacuolated cytoplasm. A few fiber-shaped cells were also seen. Immunostains for desmin, muscle-specific actin were positive; ultrastructural findings of thick and thin actin-myosin filaments confirmed the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. This case illustrates the importance of performing appropriate immunohistochemical stains and ultrastructural studies on cytological material to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.     

儿童智商与父母智商的相关性

目的：通过对儿童智商（IQ）与父母亲IQ和IQ分项相关研究，探讨儿童IQ和父母亲IQ的深层关系。方法：在合肥市某中学、小学和幼儿园，分别按年龄和性别分层，随机抽取4-14岁健康儿童206名及其父母作为研究对象，应用韦氏智力量表（成人和儿童）测定儿童和其父母的IQ，填写自编的影响儿童智力发育因素调查问卷。最后在考虑儿童的年龄、性别、克托莱指数（Quetelet index）和是否独生子女等可能混杂因素下将儿童的总IQ、语言IQ和操作IQ与其父母的总IQ、语言IQ、操作IQ和IQ分项进行多元逐步回归分析。结果：按F〉2．0标准，儿童总IQ与父母亲总IQ成正相关（偏相关系数分别为0．50和0．22）；儿童语言IQ与母亲算术、母亲知识、父亲算术、父亲拼物成正相关（偏相关系数0.23-0．37）；儿童操作IQ和母亲积木图案、母亲拼物和父亲拼物成正相关（偏相关系数0．31-0．50）。结论：父母亲的总IQ和父母IQ分项中的算术、拼物、积木图案和知识等对儿童总IQ、语言IQ和操作IQ影响最大。