Influenza M2 virus-like particles confer a broader range of cross protection to the strain-specific pre-existing immunity

Immunity in humans with annual vaccination does not provide effective protection against antigenically distinct strains. As an approach to improve cross-protection in the presence of pre-existing strain-specific immunity, we investigated the efficacy of heterologous and heterosubtypic protection in previously vaccinated mice at earlier times after subsequent immunization with conserved-antigenic target influenza M2 ectodomain (M2e) virus-like particle vaccine (M2e5× VLP). Immunization of mice with H1N1 split vaccine induced virus specific antibodies to homologous influenza virus but did not provide heterosubtypic hemagglutination inhibiting antibody responses and cross-protection. However, subsequent M2e5× VLP immunization induced an M2e specific antibody response as well as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) producing cells in systemic and mucosal sites. Upon lethal challenge with H3N2 or H5N1 subtype influenza viruses, subsequently immunized mice with M2e5× VLP were well protected against heterosubtypic influenza viruses. These results provide evidence that non-seasonal immunization with M2e5× VLP, an experimental candidate for universal vaccine, is a promising approach for broadening the cross-protection even in the presence of strain-specific immunity.     

Evaluation of Efficacy of Microwave Irradiation in Disinfecting Dental Gypsum Casts: An Ex Vivo Study

The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of microwave irradiation in disinfecting gypsum casts and also to compare its efficacy with validated method of chemical disinfection. The present study is an ex vivo study conducted on a sample of five irreversible hydrocolloid impressions in vitro and on ten patients gypsum casts in vivo following standard impression techniques to check the efficacy of microwave oven irradiation and compare its efficacy with standard chemical method of disinfection. Results were analysed using Mann–Whitney test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Untreated gypsum casts showed cfu/ml counts with a median log value of 6, while microwave-irradiated ones had median cfu/ml counts of 0. Casts poured from chemically disinfected impressions demonstrated cfu/ml counts with a median log value of 5. Microwave irradiation was found to be effective in disinfecting gypsum casts when compared to chemical disinfectant in disinfecting dental impressions.     

Novel spontaneous myelodysplastic syndrome mouse model

BackgroundMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of disorders involving hemopoietic dysfunction leading to leukemia. Although recently progress has been made in identifying underlying genetic mutations, many questions still remain. Animal models of MDS have been produced by introduction of specific mutations. However, there is no spontaneous mouse model of MDS, and an animal model to simulate natural MDS pathogenesis is urgently needed.MethodsIn characterizing the genetically diverse mouse strains of the Collaborative Cross (CC) we observed that one, designated JUN, had abnormal hematological traits. This strain was thus further analyzed for phenotypic and pathological identification, comparing the changes in each cell population in peripheral blood and in bone marrow.ResultsIn a specific‐pathogen free environment, mice of the JUN strain are relatively thin, with healthy appearance. However, in a conventional environment, they become lethargic, develop wrinkled yellow hair, have loose and light stools, and are prone to infections. We found that the mice were cytopenic, which was due to abnormal differentiation of multipotent bone marrow progenitor cells. These are common characteristics of MDS.ConclusionsA mouse strain, JUN, was found displaying spontaneous myelodysplastic syndrome. This strain has the advantage over existing models in that it develops MDS spontaneously and is more similar to human MDS than genetically modified mouse models. JUN mice will be an important tool for pathogenesis research of MDS and for evaluation of new drugs and treatments.     

交叉反应在I型变态反应诊断中的意义

IgE介导的I型变态反应的诊断需结合临床病史、体内检测和体外血清学检测结果进行特异性病因诊断。由于过敏原间交叉反应的影响,为其病因诊断带来困扰。阐述交叉反应的常见原因,包括结构类似的蛋白家族和交叉反应性糖类决定簇,并提出临床工作中的应对策略。在出现过敏原特异性IgE阳性并排除交叉反应性糖类决定簇一IgE干扰后,应进一步考虑进行过敏原组分检测,为患者提供个体特异性过敏原谱。     

医学新生儿童期心理虐待与创造力、认知偏差的调查分析

目的:了解海南医学新生的儿童心理虐待状况;比较不同创造力、认知偏差类型的学生的儿童期心理虐待差异。方法:方便取样,采用儿童心理虐待量表、卡特尔多项人格量表-创造力、认知偏差问卷对365名自愿参与的海南省某医学院临床医学专业2014级新生进行测量,对数据进行t检验和方差分析。结果:男生的恐吓、贬损、干涉、纵容维度得分高于女生(t=2.38,2.17,2.40,2.72;P均0.05);独生子女医学新生的忽视维度得分低于非独生子女者,而干涉维度得分高于后者(t=-3.82,2.17;P均0.05);单亲家庭医学新生的忽视和贬损维度得分高于非单亲学生(t=2.80,3.24;P均0.05)。不同创造力等级的医学新生在儿童心理虐待得分上的差异无统计学意义。不同认知偏差类型的医学新生在贬损、干涉维度得分上的差异均有统计学意义(F=10.92,13.54;P均0.001)。结论:不同性别、是否独生、是否单亲的医学新生在儿童期遭受的心理虐待不一样;不同创造力的医学新生在儿童期遭受的心理虐待无差异;不同认知偏差类型的医学新生在童年期遭受的贬损和干涉高于其他类型者。     

中国北方人群血脂异常患病率及其影响因素分析的关系

目的调查中国北方人群血脂异常的患病率,并分析其影响因素。方法以参加2012年1月-2012年12月冀东油田社区健康体检的居民为调查人群,采用横断面调查的方法,分析人群中血脂异常的患病率及其影响因素。结果研究人群的一般情况:男性的年龄、体质指数、收缩压、舒张压、血总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、空腹血糖高于女性,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于女性,不同性别组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血脂异常患病率:研究对象血脂异常的总患病率为57.79%,其中男性患病率为66.34%。女性患病率为48.16%。血脂异常的logistic回归分析显示:男性、年龄增加、BMI升高、腹围增加、舒张压增加、血糖升高与血脂异常相关。结论中国北方人群血脂异常患病率逐渐增高且存在性别和年龄的差异,50岁以前男性高于女性,50以后女性明显增高甚至超过男性。男性、年龄增加、BMI升高、腹围增加、舒张压增加、血糖升高是血脂异常的独立危险因素。     

人工软骨材料——聚乙烯醇水凝胶的研制

聚乙烯醇溶液于－２０℃左右的温度下冷冻６－１２ｈ,室温下颌化１－２ｈ,上述过程反复进行１－３次,然后对试样进行真空脱水处理,制得一种人工软骨材料－ＰＶＡ水凝胶。     

沙雷菌属医院感染现状及耐药性分析

目的了解沙雷菌属医院感染现状及耐药特点,为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法对我院2003年1月至2005年12月住院患者分离的沙雷菌属的种类、分布及细菌耐药性进行分析。结果120株沙雷菌主要来自呼吸道(61.7%)、手术部位(15.0%)、泌尿道(10.8%)。其中粘质沙雷菌占65.0%、液化沙雷菌占22.5%、深红沙雷菌占7.5%。对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、头孢吡肟、亚胺培南、复方新诺明的耐药率较低,分别为33%、4.2%、5.0%、14.2%。产头孢菌素酶(Amp eephalosporinase,AmpC)的菌株占10.8%(13株),同时产AmpC酶及超广谱β-内酰胺酶(extended-spectrumβ-lactamases,ESBLs)的菌株占2.5%(3株)。结论沙雷菌属是引起医院感染的常见病原菌,以粘质沙雷菌为主。不同分离部位的沙雷菌有差异,沙雷菌属以产AmpC酶为主,其耐药较严重。应根据药敏试验结果合理选用抗生素。     

急诊红细胞输注申请结果报告时间分析

目的对急诊红细胞输注申请的结果报告时间(turnaround time,TAT)进行监测,了解影响急诊输血申请TAT的因素,促进输血科持续质量改进,同时为制定急诊输血处理流程提供依据。方法观察各个临床科室急诊红细胞输注从医生开出输血申请到合血标本采集、标本运送、标本检测不同时间段所占的时间,找出影响标本处理总时间的因素,计算输血科处理急诊标本的平均时间。结果从临床开出输血申请到输血科完成交叉合血(总TAT),中位数时间为138 min,最短为17 min。从输血申请送到输血科到完成交叉合血,中位数时间为55 min。从开出输血申请到血液取用,中位数时间为221 min,最短为21 min,最长为4 266 min(71 h)。所有急诊红细胞输注申请中,约有70%的红细胞被取回输注,交叉合血:输血比例为1.4∶1。随着总TAT时间的延长,标本采集时间和标本运送时间所占比例逐渐下降,而标本检测时间所占比例逐渐上升。结论目前将急诊输血取血时间定为1 h较为符合实际情况;部分临床医生开急诊输血申请较为随意;输血科对部分急诊标本处理不够及时。     

伤椎置钉与跨节段椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折的比较研究

目的比较经伤椎置钉与跨节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法选择汕头市潮阳区大峰医院于2010年1月至2012年6月收治的胸腰椎爆裂性骨折80例,随机分为经伤椎椎弓根螺钉三椎体固定组40例(治疗组)和跨节段椎弓根螺钉固定组40例(对照组),其中治疗组行伤椎及伤椎上下节段椎弓根内固定,对照组行传统4钉内固定。所有患者术前及术后随访行X线及CT检查,测量并比较两组术后Cobb角、矫正率、术后椎管面积改善值、远期丢失率、内固定失效率,同时观察神经恢复情况。结果所有患者获得6～30个月(平均19.5个月)随访。治疗组术后Cobb角、矫正率、术后椎管面积改善值、远期丢失率、内固定失效率方面明显优于对照组(P<0.05);无完全神经损伤者较术前均有1～2级恢复,术后脊髓神经功能无损伤加重,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论伤椎置钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折能更好地矫正后凸畸形、重建椎体高度、维持矫正效果和减少内固定的松动断裂等并发症,手术安全且有效。