我院呼吸内科真菌性医院感染的调查与耐药性分析

目的探讨呼吸内科真菌性医院感染的分布、基础疾病、危险因素和耐药性。方法对142例病例进行回顾性调查分析并统计资料。结果呼吸内科真菌性医院感染以白色念珠菌为主，慢性阻塞性肺病、支气管扩张、肺癌占基础疾病的前3位，患者抵抗力下降和侵入性诊疗措施是其主要的危险因素，真菌的耐药性也逐渐增多。结论临床上应重视呼吸内科患者的真菌性医院感染，改善患者的基础状况，合理诊疗，减少真菌耐药性的发生，有效地预防和治疗呼吸内科真菌性医院感染.     

Ultrasonics in radiotherapy: the planning of treatment and follow-up of its results

Ultrasonography is of great value in radiotherapy for treatment planning and for the follow up of the treatment results, because the extent of the tumor and its position to the adjacent organs can be visualized directly by cross sections. If photographs of the B-scan are superimposed by isidose curves, individualized treatment planning is possible. This is demonstrated in a few examples: the pre-operative irradiation of a Wilms tumor (Fig. 1), the irradiation of large aortic masses which require 3 treatment ports (Fig. 2) while for a smaller aortic mass moving beam therapy is suitable (Fig. 3). Examples for the follow up of the treatment results are given in Figs. 4–6. Figure 4 demonstrates the reduction of the tumor size corresponding to the different irradiation methods. The lack of radiosensitivity of certain tumors can be documented earlier by ultrasound than by other investigations. This enables the radiotherapist to change his treatment schedule in time (Fig. 6).     

A high blood level in the air trap reduces microemboli during hemodialysis

Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of air microemboli in the dialysis circuit and in the venous circulation of the patients during hemodialysis. In vitro studies indicate that a high blood level in the venous air trap reduces the extent of microbubble formation. The purpose of this study was to examine whether air microbubbles can be detected in the patient's access and if so, whether the degree of microbubble formation can be altered by changing the blood level in the venous air trap. This was a randomized, double‐blinded, interventional study of 20 chronic hemodialysis patients. The patients were assigned to hemodialysis with either an elevated or a low blood level in the air trap. The investigator and the patient were blinded to the settings. The numbers of microbubbles were measured at the site of the arteriovenous (AV) access for 2 min with the aid of an ultrasonic Doppler device. The blood level in the air trap was then altered to the opposite setting and a new measurement was carried out after an equilibration period of 30 min. Median (range) for the number of microbubbles measured with the high air trap level and the low air trap level in AV access was 2.5 (0–80) compared with 17.5 (0–77), respectively (P = 0.044). The degree of microbubble formation in hemodialysis patients with AV access was reduced significantly if the blood level in the air trap was kept high. The exposure of potentially harmful air microbubbles was thereby significantly reduced. This measure can be performed with no additional healthcare cost.     

PEEP ventilation does not cause humorally mediated cardiac output depression in pigs

Objective This study was designed to see if humorally mediated negative inotropism contributes to the cardiac output (CO) depression seen during positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation.Design 8 pairs of piglets were used and a combined blood circulation was established between the two animals in each pair. One animal was ventilated with a PEEP of 15 cmH₂O (donor) and the other was ventilated without PEEP (recipient).Measurement and results CO and stroke volume deteriorated in the donors by 32% and 44%, respectively, while no change was seen in the recipients.Conclusion As humorally mediated negative inotropism during PEEP ventilation has earlier been demonstrated in dogs, the results suggest that this mechanism might be species-dependent.     

多虑平治疗原发性失眠有效性及安全性的系统评价

目的系统评价多虑平治疗原发性失眠的有效性及安全性。方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆（2009年第4期）、PubMed（1966～2009.12）、EMbase（1974～2009.12）、ISI（1961～2009.12）、CBM（1978～2009.12）、CNKI（1979～2009.12）、VIP（1989～2009.12）和万方（1998～2009.12）数据库,并补充查找相关会议文献及在研文献,由2名评价者独立选择研究、评价质量、提取资料并交叉核对,而后采用RevMan 5.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果共纳入4篇文献,共171例患者。Meta分析结果表明：与安慰剂相比,中低剂量多虑平（1～25 mg）对原发性失眠患者的总睡眠时间、睡眠后觉醒时间、睡眠期间觉醒时间、睡眠有效率等睡眠质量指标的改善作用明显,其差异有统计学意义。相反,高剂量多虑平（50 mg）对绝大多数睡眠质量指标的改善与安慰剂相比并无统计学意义。而中高剂量多虑平（25～50 mg）对原发性患者的快速眼动睡眠、二期睡眠、快速眼动睡眠潜伏时间等睡眠结构指标的改善与安慰剂相比,其差异有统计学意义。结论中低剂量多虑平（1～25 mg）可有效改善原发性失眠患者的睡眠质量,但使用中等剂量多虑平治疗原发性失眠时需关注副作用及对睡眠结构的影响;尚不推荐使用高剂量多虑平（50 mg）治疗原发性失眠。由于纳入研究质量与例数有限,上述结论尚需开展更多高质量大样本的研究加以验证。     

子宫交叉捆绑术在剖宫产术难治性产后出血中的临床应用

目的 探讨子宫交叉捆绑术 (CBS)治疗剖宫产术难治性产后出血(iPPH)的疗效和并发症。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月—2017年12月湖北省中西医结合医院妇产科105例剖宫产术后iPPH患者的临床资料。根据治疗方法不同将其分为3组,其中28例行子宫交叉捆绑术治疗(CBS组),47例行子宫前后壁缝线加压B-lynch缝合术(BLS组),30例行子宫宫腔内Bakri球囊压迫术(BBC组)。观察三组产妇产后出血量、输血量、疗效和并发症等情况。结果 CBS、BLS和BBC三组术中出血量为(1 571.8±197)mL、(1 764.6±346)mL和(1 952.4±207)mL,差异均有统计学意义(F=21.028, P＜0.01);CBS组产后出血量占总血容量比值高于BLS、BBC组,差异有统计学意义(F=116.520, P＜0.01);CBS组的术后2 h和24 h出血量,以及输血量均低于BLS、BBC组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。CBS、BLS、BBC组治疗方式产后止血有效率分别为100.0%(28/28)、95.7%(45/47)、73.3%(22/30),差异有统计学意义(Hc=14.533, P＜0.01)。CBS、BLS、BBC组并发症总发生率为14.4%(4/28)、21.3%(10/47)、43.3%(13/30),差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.998, P＜0.05)。CBS组术后1例肠粘连;BLS组2例肠粘连,1例肠穿孔;BBC组1例肠坏死。抗感染、引流及换药等对症治疗痊愈出院。随访102例,失访3例,随访3~67个月,平均33.5个月。全部病例除BLS组1例因术后再出血,行子宫切除术外,其余病例未发生再出血。结论 与传统的BLS和BBC手术相比,CBS手术具有良好的止血效果。CBS术后并发症低发生率低于BLS和BBC。