清醒状态下功能区脑肿瘤开颅切除术患者的围手术期心理护理

目的 探讨分析清醒状态下开颅手术患者围手术期心理护理措施及效果.方法 通过对10例清醒开颅功能区脑肿瘤切除术患者进行有针对性的心理干预、心理疏导,并加强术前、术中和术后的整体护理而达到有效的心理护理.结果 患者术前、术中、术后的行为控制良好,均能按要求配合手术顺利完成,达到预期目标康复出院.结论 有效的心理护理是清醒开颅术成功和患者康复的重要措施之一.

Abstract：

Objective To explore and analyze perioperative psychological care and its effect in craniotomy patients under sober state.Methods 10 patients with cerebral tumor of functional zone undergoing craniotomy under conscious state were given pertinent psychological nursing and psychological counsehng,besides,perioperative comprehensive nursing wag given in order to reach the aim of effective psychological nursing.Results The perioperative behavioral control of patients wag better,they could cooperate with the operation as requested and reached the anticipated aim.All patients rehabilitated at discharge.Conclusions Effective psychological care plays a very important role to ensure the success of sober craniotomy and rehabilitation of patients.     

Repositioning of Cranial Bone Flaps Cut with a Diamond-Coated Threadwire Saw: 5-Year Experience with Cosmetic Cranioplasty without Fixation Devices

Artificial fixation systems for cranial bone flaps have problems related to their materials and designs. We developed an alternative technique for supratentorial craniotomy that employs a diamond-coated threadwire saw (diamond T-saw), originally developed for spinal surgery, and reduces the bone gap for fitted bone flap fixation. The study subjects were 77 adults undergoing elective supratentorial craniotomy. After placing a burr hole at each corner of the craniotomy, we performed osteotomy between adjacent burr holes to approximately one-third of the length of the osteotomy with a craniotome; this leaves a bony bridge at each corner. The diamond T-saw was introduced between adjacent burr holes through the epidural space and a bridge was cut with reciprocating strokes. On closure, the bridge firmly supports the flap and only sutures are needed for fixation. Successful bone flap fixation was obtained in all followed-up cases. There were no technique-related complications such as dural laceration, flap displacement, or resorption. Our method is ideal for bone cuts in cosmetic cranioplasty; it is easy, safe, and inexpensive and avoids the need for flap fixation with artificial devices.     

Comparison of postoperative nausea between benign and malignant brain tumor patients undergoing awake craniotomy: a retrospective analysis

Abstract

Background:

Benign and malignant brain tumors have different histopathological characteristics, including different degrees of tissue infiltration and inflammatory response. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the incidence of postoperative nausea between the two categories of brain tumors in patients undergoing awake craniotomy.     

丙戊酸钠预防脑肿瘤术后早期癫痫的系统评价

目的通过系统评价有关丙戊酸钠预防脑肿瘤术后癫痫的文献,评估丙戊酸钠预防开颅术后癫痫的有效性。方法以“（丙戊酸钠）与（术后癫痫）”为关键词,从CNKI数据库或参考文献里搜索1989。2009年发表的文献。结果通过术前及术后预防治疗能显著控制早期癫痫发生率,有2篇进行统计学分析表明治疗能显著减少脑肿瘤术后早期癫痫发生机会（OR=0．27;95％CI：0．12～0．58）,漏斗图未见显著不对称。结论丙戊酸钠也许能有效预防脑肿瘤开颅术后早期癫痫。     

不同手术方式治疗高血压脑出血病的体会

目的:用不同的手术方式治疗高血压脑出血病,以提高临床疗效。方法:分别采用大骨瓣开颅血肿清除术、小骨窗显微手术、钻孔血肿抽吸引流术共治疗高血压脑出血212例。结果:根据不同病情灵活采用三种手术方式治疗高血压脑出血取得了满意的疗效。结论:根据病情变化选择不同手术方式符合微创原则,三种术式各有其相对的适应证。     

高血压脑出血幕上血肿52例手术治疗体会

目的:总结高血压脑出血幕上血肿手术治疗的经验及疗效。方法:52例患者分别采用骨瓣开颅、小骨窗开颅血肿清除术、微创穿刺血肿引流术及脑室外引流术4种手术方法,清除血肿,解除脑受压,缓解高颅压,促进神经功能的恢复。结果:死亡8例,存活44例,其中植物生存2例,生活完全或部分自理37例,完全护理依赖5例。结论:手术治疗高血压脑出血幕上血肿是提高存活率和生存质量的有效方法。     

Levetiracetam compared to phenytoin for the prevention of postoperative seizures after craniotomy for intracranial tumours in patients without epilepsy

Anticonvulsant drugs are frequently given after craniotomy. Phenytoin (PHT) is the most commonly used agent; levetiracetam (LEV) is a new anticonvulsant drug with fewer side effects. To compare the incidence of seizures in patients receiving either prophylactic PHT or LEV perioperatively, 971 patients undergoing a craniotomy were analysed retrospectively during a 2-year period. PHT was used routinely and LEV was administered when PHT was contraindicated. Seizures documented during the first 7 days after craniotomy were considered. A total of 235 patients were treated with an antiepileptic drug: 81 patients received LEV, and 154 patients, PHT. Two patients receiving LEV (2.5%) and seven receiving PHT (4.5%) had a seizure despite this treatment. No patient had a documented side effect or drug interaction. The data show that LEV may be an alternative option in patients with contraindications to PHT.     

羟乙基淀粉对颅脑手术患者血浆胶体渗透压的影响

目的观察颅脑手术患者输注羟乙基淀粉130/0.4氯化钠注射液行术前急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)对血浆胶体渗透压(COP)的影响。方法将100例ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级择期行颅脑手术患者随机分成两组:羟乙基淀粉130/0.4组(V组,n=50)和平衡盐注射液组(R组,n=50),按组别于麻醉诱导后、手术前分别用相应液体进行AHH,分别于AHH前后,测定患者的循环指标、血常规、电解质及COP。结果 V组AHH后COP较稀释前明显升高(t=-81.550,P<0.05),而R组则较稀释前明显下降(t=29.453,P<0.05)。结论羟乙基淀粉130/0.4进行AHH可显著提高颅脑手术患者的COP。     

FBG、PCT及IL-10在开颅术后颅内感染患者中的表达及意义

目的探讨纤维蛋白原(Fibrinogen,FBG)、降钙素原(Procalcitonin,PCT)及白细胞介素-10(Interleukin-10,IL-10)在开颅术后颅内感染患者中的表达及意义。方法选取衡水市人民医院2018年1月-2019年3月收治的需行开颅手术治疗的患者200例作为研究对象,以是否发生颅内感染为标准分为感染组(n=56)及非感染组(n=144)。分析感染组患者病原菌分布,比较两组患者及不同病程感染患者FBG、IL-10及PCT水平。结果感染组患者手术时间、术后脑脊液漏的发生及引流管放置与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。200例患者发生颅内感染且脑脊液细菌培养为阳性的病例56例,感染发生率为28.00%。56例感染患者脑脊液培养共分离病原菌64株,其中革兰阴性菌35株占54.69%,以铜绿假单胞菌为主,革兰阳性菌26株占40.63%,以金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌为主,真菌3株占4.69%,均为假丝酵母菌。感染组患者血液以及脑脊液FBG、IL-10及PCT水平均高于非感染组(P<0.05)。56例感染患者34例病程<3 d,22例病程>3 d,随着病程延长,患者血液与脑脊液FBG、IL-10及PCT水平均升高(P<0.05)。结论开颅术后颅内感染病原菌分布以革兰阴性菌为主,患者FBG、IL-10及PCT水平均升高,且与病情进展密切相关,可作为开颅术后颅内感染诊断指标。     

微创引流术治疗外伤性硬脑膜外血肿的临床效果分析

目的 探讨外伤性硬脑膜外血肿患者采取微创引流术治疗的临床效果.方法 选取沈阳市第一人民医院神经外科2019年6月—2020年12月收治的82例外伤性硬脑膜外血肿患者,依据治疗方案的不同分为观察组和对照组各41例.观察组行微创引流术治疗,对照组行传统开颅血肿清除术治疗.观察并比较两组手术相关指标、住院时间和并发症发生情况...