Effects of intranasal oxytocin and vasopressin on cooperative behavior and associated brain activity in men

The neural mechanisms supporting social bonds between adult men remain uncertain. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we investigate the impact of intranasally administered oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) on behavior and brain activity among men in the context of an iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game, which models a real-life social situation. fMRI results show that, relative to both AVP and placebo, OT increases the caudate nucleus response to reciprocated cooperation, which may augment the reward of reciprocated cooperation and/or facilitate learning that another person can be trusted. OT also enhances left amygdala activation in response to reciprocated cooperation. Behaviorally, OT was associated with increased rates of cooperation following unreciprocated cooperation in the previous round compared with AVP. AVP strongly increased cooperation in response to a cooperative gesture by the partner compared with both placebo and OT. In response to reciprocated cooperation, AVP increased activation in a region spanning known vasopressin circuitry implicated in affiliative behaviors in other species. Finally, both OT and AVP increase amygdala functional connectivity with the anterior insula relative to placebo, which may increase the amygdala's ability to elicit visceral somatic markers that guide decision making. These findings extend our knowledge of the neural and behavioral effects of OT and AVP to the context of genuine social interactions.     

Reducing dietary salt consumption in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional survey

Background

The increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases in the occupied Palestinan territory accounts for a large part of general mortality. WHO recommends a 30% reduction in mean population intake of salt or sodium as a cost-effective option to decrease the burden of cardiovascular disease. Results of surveys show that salt consumption is 7 g per day in Palestine, almost 50% higher than the recommended daily amount per person. Bread is consumed in large amounts and is an important contributor to salt intake. The aim of this study was to assess the content of salt in the bread sold in the West Bank with the aim of setting a reliable salt reduction target.

达芬奇机器人联合腹腔镜食管癌根治术的手术护理配合

目的 总结达芬奇机器人联合腹腔镜辅助食管癌根治术的手术室护理配合方法,为该手术提供标准化的手术护理配合流程.方法 回顾性分析2016年3～12月在我院开展的达芬奇机器人联合腹腔镜食管癌根治术26例患者的临床资料.所有患者在全机器人下完成胸部食管的游离,在腹腔镜下完成腹部胃的游离,最后将管胃通过食管床提至左颈部吻合.结果 26例手术均成功完成,25例手术过程顺利,有1例胸腔粘连严重转胸腔镜分离粘连后继续机器人完成胸部手术.手术时间(4.1±1.5)h,麻醉时间(5.5±1.7)h,出血量(110±52)mL,清扫淋巴结(18±4)个,术后住院时间(13±5)d,术中及术后均无手术护理并发症.结论 应用达芬奇机器人联合腹腔镜食管癌根治术安全可行,具有创伤小、并发症少等优点.手术护士专业技术的正规培训、充分的术前准备、仪器设备的有效管理、规范的手术体位安置、良好的医护患沟通是确保手术顺利进行和成功的关键.     

国际植物药监管合作组织（IRCH）的发展及对我国植物药监管的启示

目的：介绍国际植物药监管合作组织（IRCH）发展情况,为进一步做好我国植物药的监督和管理提供参考。方法：对该组织的发展历程、成员和构架、工作形式及最新一届年会的情况进行介绍,提出对我国植物药监管的启示。结果与结论：中国是该组织的第一批成员国,一直积极参与国际植物药监管合作组织相关工作。参与IRCH活动,不仅可展示国家食品药品监督管理总局在完善中药注册管理法规体系方面取得的成绩,促进中国食品药品检定研究院领导的第二工作组的交流与合作;还可了解各国植物药掺假的现状和监管手段,更好地推动未来的植物药监管工作。     

Social media use for public health promotion in the Gulf Cooperation Council: An overview

Social media platforms (SMPs) have emerged as powerful tools for public health promotion. As the 6 countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have the highest internet and social media usage rates in the world, and according to the initiatives for the introduction of a new health system and strategies based on non-traditional methods according to the Saudi Vision 2030, this review aimed to investigate different SMPs use and impact on public health promotion in the GCC countries. Accumulating evidence indicated that diabetes knowledge, women’s health, breast-feeding practices, oral health, appropriate antibiotic use, physical activity, road safety awareness, quitting smoking, and breast cancer awareness, were the most common specified topics. Future research should focus on populations that are medically underserved and who have no or limited access to health-care facilities. Also, future research, in particular, the intervention type, is required to cover more countries in the GCC.     

浅谈中西医结合治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭49例疗效观察

心力衰竭（heart failvre）是各种心脏结构或功能性疾病导致心室充盈及（或）射血能力受损而引起的一组综合症.由于心室收缩功能下降射血功能受损、心排血量不能满足机体代谢的需要,器官、组织血液灌注不足,同时出现肺循环和（或）体循环瘀血,临床表现主要是呼吸困难和无力而致体力活动受限和水肿.某些情况下,心肌收缩力尚可使射血功能维持正常,但由于心肌形成功能障碍左心室充盈压异常增高,使肺静脉回流受阻,而导致肺循环瘀血.祖国医学认为心的主要功能是主血脉和神志.心的病变多表现为血液运行障碍和神志异常等方面.充血性心力衰竭则属中医＂心悸＂、＂气喘＂、＂水肿＂等范畴.     

中西医结合治疗慢性胆囊炎128例

目的：探讨中西医结合疗法治疗慢性胆囊炎疗效.方法： 128例患者分对照组和治疗组分别服用消炎利胆片和消炎利胆片＋消炎利胆汤,2个疗程后观察其疗效.结果：治疗组68例,总有效率98.5%.对照组60例,总有效率51.4%.经统计学处理,两组差异有非常显著性（P〈0.01）,治疗组明显优于对照组.结论： 消炎利胆汤对病变的胆囊黏膜释放前列腺素有明显的抑制作用,中西医结合治疗慢性胆囊炎疗效更佳.     

中西医结合治疗肠梗阻的68例临床观察

目的：探讨中西医结合治疗肠梗阻的临床疗效。方法：将136例肠梗阻患者分为两组,对照组68例只采用抗感染、胃肠减压等西医治疗。治疗组68例在对照组的基础上中药方剂内服、胃管灌注中医治疗。结果：治疗组68例患者,治愈60例,治愈率为88．24％,显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：中西医结合治疗肠梗阻的治疗率较高,具有无创伤、痛苦小等优点,值得推广。     

情景模拟健康教育对白内障患者术中配合知识认知度及应激反应的影响

目的:研究情景模拟健康教育对白内障患者术中配合知识认知度及应激反应的影响。方法:选取2018年1月至2019年1月在南京医科大学附属无锡第二医院接受白内障手术的患者88例作为对象,依据随机数字表法,将其分为A组和B组,各44例。A组采用情景模拟健康教育,B组采用常规健康教育方式。比较两组在健康教育前后的配合知识认知度评...     

技术类期刊与行业创新平台的协同融合——以浙江省技术类期刊为例

目的 提升技术类期刊在行业、企业创新中的服务功能。 方法 通过浙江省技术类期刊的发展和浙江省行业创新平台建设的结合,思考和探索了对技术类期刊与行业创新平台融合协同、提升技术类期刊的服务功能的途径。结果 提出了技术类期刊与行业创新平台融合的途径和对策,包括寻求协办单位、协同开展期刊多元化经营、依托学会平台开展协同创新等,并提出了技术类期刊参与行业创新平台的自身建设对策。结论 技术类期刊与行业创新平台协同融合是一种双赢,值得理论探索和试点实践。