面神经麻痹的中西医结合治疗

面神经麻痹是面神经出颅后分布支配区内的功能丧失,以致口眼歪斜为主要症状的一种病症.临床上本人认为中西医结合治疗才能有效提高治愈率.西医对初起症状的改善显著速度快,而中医针刺对神经功能恢复方面又有西医所不能之疗效.所以只有两者相结合,才能有效提高治愈率,两者是相辅相成的.     

中西医结合辨证论治2型糖尿病

糖尿病是一种常见的内分泌代谢病,基本病理生理改变是由于胰岛素的绝对或是相对不足引起糖,脂肪,蛋白质和继发的维生素,水,电解质代谢紊乱.临床以高血糖为主要标志,早期无症状,发展到症状期可出现多饮,多尿,多食以及消瘦＂三多一少＂症状,严重时出现酮症酸中毒.常见并发症及伴随症有急性感染,肺结核,动脉粥样硬化,肾和视网膜等微血管病变及神经病变.有原发和继发之分,相当于祖国医学＂消渴＂病的范畴.所谓的＂2型糖尿病＂,是各种致病因素的作用下,经过漫长的病理过程而形成的.由于致病因子的存在,正常的血液结构平衡被破坏,血中胰岛素效力相对减弱,经过体内反馈系统的启动,首先累及胰岛,使之长期超负荷工作失去代偿能力.2型糖尿病也叫成人发病型糖尿病,多在35～40岁之后发病,占糖尿病患者90%以上.     

Expansion of the application domain of a macromolecular ocular irritation test (OptiSafe™)

The OptiSafe (OS) test is shelf-stable, macromolecular eye irritation test that does not include any animal ingredient or component (“vegan”). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the test's accuracy for an expanded application domain for both the original and recently updated OS method. This study involved the testing of additional ocular corrosives and previously excluded foaming agents (“surfactants”) using both the original and updated OS methods and then combining these data with prior validation data for a total of 147 chemicals. Predictivity was evaluated by a statistical comparison of the OptiSafe predictions with historical in vivo “Draize” rabbit eye data for the same chemicals (from public databases). We report that for the detection of chemicals not requiring classification for eye irritation [Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) No Category], the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were 92.8%, 79.6%, and 100.0%, respectively, for the updated method; for the detection of chemicals inducing extreme eye damage/corrosion (GHS Category 1), the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were 79.4%, 71.8%, and 91.7%, respectively, for the updated method. Results indicate that both the original and updated methods have a high accuracy for the expanded application domain that included ocular corrosives and surfactants.     

海湾区域经济合作的进展与挑战

海湾合作委员会积极应对全球化挑战,区域经济合作成效显著,关税同盟的建立带来诸多好处,拟议中的单一货币制度前景看好。但地区经济结构单一等内在矛盾制约了海湾区域合作进一步深入发展。各国只有通过全面改革,才能从根本上推动区域合作健康发展,成功应对全球化的严峻挑战。     

Pharmacy practice in hospital settings in GCC countries: Dispensing and administration

PurposeTo outline dispensing and administration practices in hospital pharmacy across the Gulf Cooperation Councils (GCC) countries’ hospitals. Paucity of data in appraising hospital pharmacy practice in GCC regions motivated us to conduct this study.MethodsA modified survey questionnaire was prepared from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacist (ASHP) survey questions. Three major domains of questions for general characteristics of the medication use process for dispensing and administration were identified. These were, (1) medication distribution system, and medication distribution technology, (2) technology used to compound sterile preparations, compounding I.V. medication and method of compounding nutrition support preparations, (3) medication administration practices, medication orders, medication administration records (MARs), and technician activities. A list of hospitals was obtained from the Ministry of Health of the targeted GCC countries. A secure invitation link containing a survey questionnaire was sent to the participants directly.ResultsSixty-four hospitals responded to this survey. The overall response rate was 52%. Most surveyed hospitals have centralized inpatient medications distribution system (75.0%). About 37.5% of hospitals used automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) in their patient care areas. Compounding sterile preparations in the pharmacy, barcode verification technology, workflow management technology, and robotic technology were used by 17.2%, 15.6%, and 4.7% of hospitals, respectively. In using safety technology for medication administration, almost all hospitals have partially or completely implemented an electronic health record (EHR). About 40.6% of hospitals used electronic medication administration records (e-MARs), 20.3% used bar-code-assisted medication administration (BCMA), and 35.9% used smart infusion pumps.ConclusionThe results of this survey revealed an opportunity to improve the medication use management process on dispensing and administration practices in hospitals in GCC countries.