The Work Ability Divide: Holistic and Reductionistic Approaches in Swedish Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Teams

Introduction Stakeholder cooperation in return to work has been increasingly emphasised in research, while studies on how such cooperation works in practise are scarce. This article investigates the relationship between professionals in Swedish interdisciplinary rehabilitation teams, and the aim of the article is to determine the participants’ definitions and uses of the concept of work ability. Methods The methods chosen were individual interviews with primary health care centre managers and focus groups with twelve interdisciplinary teams including social insurance officers, physicians, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, medical social workers and coordinators. Results The results show that the teams have had problems with reaching a common understanding of their task, due to an inherent tension between the stakeholders. This tension is primarily a result of two factors: divergent perspectives on work ability between the health professionals and the Social Insurance Agency, and different approaches to cooperative work among physicians. Health professionals share a holistic view on work ability, relating it to a variety of factors. Social insurance officers, on the other hand, represent a reductionistic stance, where work ability is reduced to medical status. Assessments of work ability therefore tend to become a negotiation between insurance officers and physicians. Conclusions A suggestion from the study is that the teams, with proper education, could be used as an arena for planning and coordinating return-to-work, which would strengthen their potential in managing the prevention of work disability.     

Allocation of control rights and cooperation efficiency in public-private partnerships: theory and evidence from the Chinese pharmaceutical industry

This article uses incomplete contract theory to study the allocation of control rights in public-private partnerships (PPPs) between pharmaceutical enterprises and nonprofit organizations; it also investigates how this allocation influences cooperation efficiency. We first develop a mathematic model for the allocation of control rights and its influence on cooperation efficiency, and then derive some basic hypotheses from the model. The results of an empirical test show that the allocation of control rights influences how enterprises invest in PPPs. A proper allocation provides incentives for firms to make fewer self-interested and more public-interested investments. Such an allocation also improves the cooperation efficiency of PPPs.      

心肺脑复苏的急救配合与护理

目的 探讨护士如何在最短时间里准确判断出病人呼吸心跳骤停,并尽快地配合医生进行心肺脑复苏的急救。方法对本组18例心肺复苏患者的急救与护理进行分析。发现患者出现意识丧失、大动脉搏动消失,应立即在最短时间内配合医生采取气道开放、人工呼吸、胸外心脏按压、除颤、气管插管、复苏药物的应用、头部及体表大血管行经处冰敷等复苏处理。结果18例中,心肺复苏成功12例,6例无效。结论护士必须熟练掌握CPCR操作技术,密切观察危重病人的病情变化,发现异常应迅速与医生配合,采取有效的抢救措施和护理措施是提高复苏成功率的关键。     

中西医结合治疗慢性乙型黄疸型肝炎临床分析

目的观察茵陈蒿汤加减方治疗乙型黄疸型肝炎的疗效。方法运用随机数字表,将120例乙型黄疸型肝炎患者随机分成两组,对照组60例予常规的西医护肝退黄治疗,治疗组60例予西医常规的西医护肝退黄治疗外,加用以茵陈蒿汤为主方配伍清热解毒、利湿退黄、活血化瘀三类中药的汤剂治疗,每日1剂,连续煎2次后药液混匀分3次服。两组观察疗程均为2～8周,每周检测肝功能。结果治疗组显效41例,有效10例,好转7例,无效2例,总疗效率96.7%;对照组显效31例,有效11例,好转10例,无效8例,总疗效率86.7%。两组总疗效率比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论以茵陈蒿汤加减方治疗慢性乙型黄疸型肝炎的疗效确切,能明显改善肝功能和临床症状,缩短病程,且无毒副作用。     

健康教育与大众媒体互动合作机制的定性研究

目的了解大众媒体报道艾滋病的现状，探索大众媒体与健康教育机构之间的互动合作模式。方法以艾滋病的宣传报道为切入点，对15名从事艾滋病宣传报道的负责人或记者进行个人深入访谈。结果影响大众媒体与健康教育机构之间合作的因素主要是资金、观念与机制。大众媒体与健康教育机构之间合作的最佳方式是相互理解、优势互补，建立健全双方长期、定时的信息交流机制和良好的互动合作机制，前者提供宣传平台，后者提供健康信息。结论大众媒体与健康教育机构之阃的合作既有基础，又有必要。加强两者的合作，将是一项双赢的策略。     

Testosterone, facial symmetry and cooperation in the prisoners' dilemma

Recent research has analyzed how individual characteristics, like the exposure to different hormones and symmetry, affect decision-making and strategic behaviour. The present article investigates the effect of symmetry, of exposure to testosterone (T) in utero and during puberty and of current T on cooperation in a Prisoners' Dilemma Game (PDG). T is a hormone with well known effect on males' behaviour, and that promotes activities that seek to increase reproductive success. Fluctuating Asymmetry (FA) reflects the ability of the organism to maintain a stable development and it is usually employed as a variable reflecting genetic quality (low FA values are thought to signal higher genetic quality). Our results show that subjects with intermediate levels of second to fourth digit ratio (a proxy of exposure to T in utero) and with high FA cooperate more often in the PDG. We also observe that the latter effect is due to the fact that FA has an impact on subjects' expectations about the behaviour of their counterpart in the game. These results reinforce the described link between markers related to genetic quality and cooperative behaviour. This possible linkage of individual condition and pro-social behaviour in humans clearly merits further attention.     

Instructions of cooperation and competition influence the neural responses to others’ pain: An ERP study

Neural activities triggered by viewing other’s in pain have been previously reported to be modulated by various factors. How instructions of cooperation and competition can influence these activities has not been explored yet. In the current study, participants were instructed to play a game cooperatively or competitively with a partner. During the game, pictures showing an anonymous individual’s hand or foot in painful or non-painful situations were randomly presented in an oddball style. The event-related potentials (ERPs) when the participants passively observed these pictures under different instructions were compared. We found a significant interaction of Instruction × Picture on the P3 component, where only under competitive instruction did the painful pictures elicit significantly larger amplitudes than the non-painful pictures, but not under the cooperative instruction. This result indicates that the participants were more responsive to other’s pain in a competitive context than in a cooperative context.     

从因公出访分析中国疾病预防控制中心与“一带一路”合作国家的合作趋势

目的 通过分析中国疾病预防控制中心（以下简称中国疾控中心）2005-2019年赴“一带一路”合作国家因公出访情况,研究与有关国家公共卫生合作交流现状与趋势。方法 对目的地为“一带一路”合作国家的2005-2019年中国疾控中心因公出访任务的人员职能、事由、经费来源等进行分析。结果 2005-2019年出访“一带一路”合作国家人次占所有出访的38.8%,其中2014-2019年年均占比（44.3%）显著高于2005-2013年（35.5%）（P=0.002）。赴东亚-东南亚国家最多,赴非洲国家自2014年迅速增加;出访人员职能多为传染病防控（67.5%）。出访事由中会议占70.8%;援外/海外应急占比从2005-2013年的0.6%增加至2014-2019年的24.7%,其中赴非洲国家增长最快。出访经费来源呈现外方支付比例下降,我方支付比例上升的趋势。结论 中国疾控中心因公出访“一带一路”合作国家的比例在2014年后显著增加,目的地以东亚-东南亚地区为主,出访人员职能以传染病防控为主;事由以会议为主,2014年后以援非为主的援外/海外应急大幅增长;经费来源由外方为主转变为我方为主。     

三级公立医院行政总值班管理现状分析与研究*

探索一套符合现代化医院的行政总值班管理体系,确保医院管理工作安全、稳定运行。分析国内外医院总值班现状和问题,运用系统性、科学性、规范性等综合干预措施,进一步提高值班人员责任意识、分析问题和解决问题能力等综合管理能力,使总值班管理从粗放式向精细化转变,实现目标标准化、过程规范化、结果同质化的服务格局。