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51.
H. El-Nour L. Lundeberg R. Al-Tawil A. Granlund S.-B. Lonne-Rahm K. Nordlind 《Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology》2013,35(4):621-631
Nerve fibers and sensory neuropeptides substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have been reported to be involved in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). In the present study, we investigated the general innervation (using antibody against protein gene product 9.5, PGP 9.5), axonal growth (using antibody against growth associated protein, GAP-43), CGRP, and substance P with its receptor neurokinin 1 (NK1), in positive epicutaneous reactions to nickel sulphate from nickel-allergic patients, at the peak of inflammation, 72 hr after challenge with the antigen. There was an increased (p < 0.01) number of GAP-43 positive fibers in the eczematous compared with control skin, indicating an increased axonal growth already at 72 hr postchallenge. Double staining revealed a coexpression of CGRP and GAP-43 on dermal nerve fibers. There was no difference in the number of substance P and CGRP positive nerve fibers between eczematous and control skin. However, semiquantification analyses showed an increased expression of substance P positive inflammatory cells, being CD3, CD4, or CD8 positive, and NK1R positive inflammatory cells, being tryptase or CD3 positive. These results indicate a contribution of regenerating nerve fibers and substance P to the contact allergic reaction. 相似文献
52.
Joo Youn Shin Jae Bum Lee Kyoung Yul Seo Eung Kweon Kim Tae-im Kim 《Yonsei medical journal》2013,54(5):1259-1265
Purpose
To compare preoperative and postoperative ocular biometry in patients with iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (pIOLs): Artisan and Artiflex.Materials and Methods
This study included 40 eyes with Artisan and 36 eyes with Artiflex pIOL implants. Anterior chamber depth (ACD) and axial length (AL) were measured by applanation ultrasonography (A-scan) and partial coherence interferometry (IOLMaster) preoperatively and 3 months after pIOL implantation.Results
ACD measurements after Artisan or Artiflex pIOL implantation were smaller than preoperative measurements. Specifically, the difference after Artisan pIOL implantation was -1.07±0.17 mm by A-scan and -0.08±0.08 mm by IOLMaster. The difference after Artiflex pIOL implantation was -1.31±0.15 mm by A-scan and -0.05±0.07 mm by IOLMaster. After Artisan pIOL implantation, differences in AL measurements by A-scan were insignificant (difference: -0.03±0.15 mm), whereas postoperative AL measurements by IOLMaster were significantly longer than preoperative measurements (difference: 0.12±0.07 mm). After Artiflex pIOL implantation, AL measurements by both A-scan and IOLMaster were significantly longer than preoperative measurements (difference: 0.09±0.16 mm by A-scan and 0.07±0.10 mm by IOLMaster). In the Artiflex group, differences in AL measurements by A-scan correlated with the central thickness of the Artiflex pIOL.Conclusion
ACD and AL measurements were influenced by iris-fixated phakic IOL implantation. 相似文献53.
Shruti Vidhawan Agarwalla Kassapa Ellepola Nikolaos Silikas AH Castro Neto Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne Vinicius Rosa 《Dental materials》2021,37(2):370-377
ObjectivesCandida albicanscolonizes biomaterial surfaces and are highly resistant to therapeutics. Graphene nanocoating on titanium compromises initial biofilm formation. However, its sustained antibiofilm potential is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of graphene nanocoating to decrease long-term fungal biofilm development and hyphae growth on titanium.MethodsGraphene nanocoating was deposited twice (TiGD) or five times (TiGV) on grade 4 titanium with vacuum assisted technique and characterized with Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscope. The biofilm formation and hyphae growth of C. albicans was monitored for seven days by CFU, XTT, confocal, mean cell density and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Uncoated titanium was the Control. All tests had three independent biological samples and were performed in independent triplicates. Data was analyzed with one- or two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD (α = 0.05).ResultsBoth TiGD and TiGV presented less biofilms at all times points compared with Control. The confocal and SEM images revealed few adhered cells on graphene coated samples, absence of hyphae and no features of a mature biofilm architecture. The increase in number of layers of graphene nanocoating did not improve its antibiofilm potential.SignificanceThe graphene nanocoating exerted a long-term persistent inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation on titanium. The fewer cells that were able to attach on graphene coated titanium were scattered and unable to form a mature biofilm with hyphae elements. The findings open opportunities to prevent microbial attachment and proliferation on implantable materials without the use of antibiotics. 相似文献
54.
T.M. Walker P. Monk E. Grace Smith T.E.A. Peto 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2013,19(9):796-802
The control of tuberculosis depends on the identification and treatment of infectious patients and their contacts, who are currently identified through a combined approach of genotyping and epidemiological investigation. However, epidemiological data are often challenging to obtain, and genotyping data are difficult to interpret without them. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology is increasingly affordable, and offers the prospect of identifying plausible transmission events between patients without prior recourse to epidemiological data. We discuss the current approaches to tuberculosis control, and how WGS might advance public health efforts in the future. 相似文献
55.
The European DNA profiling group (EDNAP) organized a sixth collaborative exercise on RNA/DNA co-analysis for body fluid/tissue identification and STR profiling. The task was to identify skin samples/contact traces using specific RNA biomarkers and test three housekeeping genes for their suitability as reference genes. Eight stains, a skin RNA dilution series and, optionally, bona fide or mock casework samples of human or non-human origin were analyzed by 22 participating laboratories using RNA extraction or RNA/DNA co-extraction methods. Two sets of previously described skin-specific markers were used: skin1 pentaplex (LCE1C, LCE1D, LCE2D, IL1F7 and CCL27) and skin2 triplex (LOR, KRT9 and CDSN) in conjunction with a housekeeping gene, HKG, triplex (B2M, UBC and UCE). The laboratories used different chemistries and instrumentation. All laboratories were able to successfully isolate and detect mRNA in contact traces (e.g., human skin, palm-, hand- and fingerprints, clothing, car interiors, computer accessories and electronic devices). The simultaneous extraction of RNA and DNA provides an opportunity for positive identification of the tissue source of origin by mRNA profiling as well as a simultaneous identification of the body fluid donor by STR profiling. The skin markers LCE1C and LOR and the housekeeping gene marker B2M were detected in the majority of contact traces. Detection of the other markers was inconsistent, possibly due to the low amounts and/or poor quality of the genetic material present in shed skin cells. The results of this and the previous collaborative RNA exercises support RNA profiling as a reliable body fluid/tissue identification method that can easily be combined with current STR typing technology. 相似文献
56.
The anti-inflammatory effect on contact dermatitis of the water solubilized 1′-Acetoxychavicol Acetate (ACA) by complexation with β-1,3-glucan isolated form Aureobasidium pullulans black yeast is reported. It is well-known that ACA possesses a function to inhibit the activation of NF-κB by which genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors are regulated. However, because ACA is quite insoluble in water, its usefulness has been extremely limited. On the other hand, a triple-helical polysaccharide β-1,3-glucan can include hydrophobic compounds into intrastrand hydrophobic cavity and solubilize poorly water-soluble compounds. In this study, solubilization of ACA by complexation with highly branched β-1,3-glucan was achieved. The effect of anti-inflammatory response of water-soluble ACA complex with β-1,3-glucan was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. 相似文献
57.
58.
Haas JP Shupper P Visintainer P Montecalvo MA 《American journal of infection control》2012,40(5):468-469
The health care environment is increasingly discussed as a source of health care-associated infections. We evaluated patterns of discharges among patients on contact precautions (CP) and assessed correlation of CP discharges with health care acquisition of organisms requiring CP and evaluated the feasibility of targeting CP discharges for additional monitoring. 相似文献
59.
《Journal of immunotoxicology》2013,10(3):273-282
AbstractNanoparticle titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) is a white pigment widely used in foods, sunscreens, and other cosmetic products. However, it remains unclear whether exposure to nano-TiO2 results in immunosuppressive effects or induces a contact hypersensitivity response. To address these data gaps, studies were conducted with the hypothesis that nano-TiO2 exposure could alter immune responses. After 28 days of oral gavage, nano-TiO2 (1.25–250?mg/kg in 0.5% methylcellulose) produced no significant effects on innate, humoral, or cell-mediated immune functions in female B6C3F1 mice. Furthermore, there were no effects on the weights of selected organs (spleen, thymus, liver, lung, and kidneys with adrenals). Following dermal exposure on the ears for 3 days, nano-TiO2 (2.5–10% w/v in 4:1 acetone:olive oil) did not affect auricular lymph node cell proliferation, although an irritancy response was observed following treatment with 5% and 10% nano-TiO2. Dermal sensitization (2.5–10%) on the back and subsequent challenge (10%) on the right ear with nano-TiO2 produced no significant effects on percentage ear swelling in the Mouse Ear Swelling Test (MEST). However, when nano-TiO2 was injected subcutaneously along the mid-line on top of the head at 125–250?mg/kg (in 0.5% methylcellulose), significant increases in auricular lymph node cell proliferation resulted. These results demonstrate that immune effects of nano-TiO2 exposure are route-of-exposure dependent, and they suggest that irritancy and/or potential hypersensitivity responses may occur following parenteral exposure or dermal administration of nano-TiO2 to compromised skin. 相似文献
60.