改进酸碱滴定法测定苦豆子总生物碱含量

目的改进滴定前处理方法,优化前处理条件。方法苦豆子粉用10%NaOH溶液浸润提取3 h,提取液用正丁醇、氯仿(1∶8)混合萃取剂进行萃取。结果方法的RSD小于4%,平均回收率为95.82%。结论改进的方法能有效改善乳化现象,提高总碱的提取率及萃取率。     

滴定法测定注射器易氧化物的不确定度

依据GB15810-2001标准,对注射器中易氧化物进行了测定．系统分析了测定过程中的不确定度来源．并对测定结果的不确定度进行了评定。     

国产麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗的稳定性观察

目的  观察国产麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗（麻腮风疫苗）的稳定性。方法  取24批上海生物制品研究所有限责任公司（上海公司）2008－2017年生产的麻腮风疫苗,按照国家食品药品监督管理局批准的麻腮风疫苗注册标准和中国药典的要求进行各项检定：在0个月进行热稳定性试验;在0和18个月进行鉴别试验,外观、水分、无菌、异常毒性检查,牛血清白蛋白残留量、抗生素残留量（2010年10月以后）、细菌内毒素（2013年12月以后）、pH值和渗透压摩尔浓度检测（2015年12月以后）;在0、6、12、18个月进行病毒滴定。同时对新、老车间生产的各3批疫苗进行加速稳定性与长期稳定性试验,重点考察水分和病毒滴度。结果  麻腮风疫苗在有效期内各项指标检定结果均符合注册标准和药典要求。质量可比性研究结果显示新老车间生产的疫苗质量相似。疫苗中水分都不高于3.0%,麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹病毒滴度分别为3.3～4.3 、4.6～5.6 、3.3～4.3 半数细胞培养感染量/ml。结论  上海公司10年间生产的麻腮风疫苗质量稳定、安全有效。     

羟考酮缓释片联合吗啡片12小时或24小时滴定治疗癌痛的对比研究

目的:观察盐酸羟考酮缓释片联合吗啡片12小时或24小时滴定治疗中、重度癌痛的疗效及不良反应.方法:选择120例中、重度癌痛患者,根据患者入院顺序单双号,将患者分为羟考酮缓释片联合吗啡片12小时滴定组60例和24小时滴定组60例.对两组的镇痛疗效及不良反应进行观察及评估.结果:与24小时滴定组比较,12小时滴定组的24小时镇痛缓解率明显提高;疼痛达稳态时间明显缩短,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两两组滴定平均滴定剂量、镇痛起效时间及主要毒副反应的发生率相似,差异无统计学意义(p＞0.05).结论:羟考酮缓释片联合吗啡片12小时滴定方案对中、重度癌痛镇痛效果好,不良反应轻,是治疗癌痛的理想选择之一.     

ICP-OES法与EDTA直接滴定法测定含石膏方剂中钙离子含量研究

目的:通过对比EDTA直接滴定法和ICP-OES法测定钙标准液、单煎石膏药液、白虎汤、麻杏石甘汤和竹叶石膏汤同一样品中Ca2+溶出量差异,探讨复方汤剂中有机基底等因素对EDTA直接滴定法测定复方药液中Ca2+溶出量的影响程度并建立一种可信的测定方剂中Ca2+溶出量的方法。方法:通过对比EDTA直接滴定法和微波消解-ICP-OES法测定钙标准液、单煎石膏药液、白虎汤、麻杏石甘汤和竹叶石膏汤同一样品中Ca2+溶出量。结果:EDTA直接滴定法与ICP-OES法测定钙标准液结果间无显著差异,两方法测定结果相同。两方法测定单煎石膏、白虎汤、麻杏石甘汤和竹叶石膏汤样品中Ca2+溶出量结果间差异显著(P<0.01),EDTA直接滴定法测定结果较ICP-OES法偏大。结论:EDTA直接滴定法测定样品中Ca2+溶出量受样品基底复杂程度影响,影响因素对EDTA直接滴定法测定影响均匀且呈线性关系。EDTA直接滴定法测定复方中Ca2+溶出量偏大,较不适合用于测定中药复方中Ca2+溶出量。     

不同方式的CPAP压力滴定在OSAHS治疗中的作用

目的：探讨不同方式的压力滴定在OSAHS治疗中的作用及意义。方法：90例重度OSAHS行压力滴定的患者,按滴定方法不同分3组,每组30例。A组为先行整夜PSG检查,另行整夜压力滴定;B组为诊断性睡眠监测后分夜压力滴定,C组为整夜PSG监测后行午间小睡压力滴定;分析比较3种方法的效果。结果：压力滴定前后,3组患者的睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数、睡眠呼吸暂停指数、LSa02、微觉醒指数、氧减指数相比均差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。每组患者滴定前后的睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数、LSaO2、微觉醒指数差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。3组患者压力滴定的95％可信限压力相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但3组患者对CPAP治疗的接受率无差别（P〉0．05）。结论：3种压力滴定方法各有优劣,应根据患者的情况选择合适的滴定方法,提高CPAP治疗的依从性。     

The Relationship between Surface Temperature, Tissue Temperature, Microbubble Formation, and Steam Pops

Background: It has been proposed that microbubble (MB) monitoring can be used to safely titrate radiofrequency (RF) power. However, MB formation has been found to be an insensitive indicator of tissue temperature during RF delivery. We hypothesized that MB formation corresponds to surface—not tissue—temperature, and therefore would be an insensitive predictor of steam pops.
Methods: An in vitro bovine heart model was used to measure surface and tissue temperatures during RF delivery under conditions designed to cause steam pops. Sensitivity of type II MB (MBII) formation as a predictor of steam pops and for surface temperatures more than 80°C was calculated.
Results: Of 105 lesions delivered, 99 steam pops occurred. Twenty-one steam pops were preceded by MBII. MBII were seen in 26 lesions, five of which were not associated with steam pop. Surface temperature at onset of MBII was 87 ± 9°C versus a tissue temperature of 78 ± 23°C (P = 0.044). Surface temperature at the time of steam pops was 71 ± 17°C versus a tissue temperature of 102 ± 17°C (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity of MBII for steam pops was 21%, and 58% for detecting surface temperature in excess of 80°C.
Conclusions: MBII correlated better with surface temperature than with tissue temperature; steam pops, on the other hand, correlated better with tissue temperature. MBII was an insensitive marker of steam pops and surface temperature in excess of 80°C. Therefore, MBII should not be used to titrate RF power.     

New Technologies to Detect Static and Dynamic Upper Airway Obstruction During Sleep

Increase in upper airway resistance is the main patho-physiological feature in the obstructive breathing disorders during sleep. Upper airway events may be divided into two main groups: static obstruction (apneas) and dynamic obstruction (hypopneas, flow limitation, and snoring). This classification is useful to provide better information about the patho-physiological mechanisms of obstruction and to better define the diagnostic tools necessary for detecting abnormal respiratory events during sleep. Detection of dynamic obstruction requires sensors with a good frequency response. As thermistors have a poor dynamic response, they are not efficient in detecting the dynamic obstruction but are good enough to detect static obstruction. Nasal prongs (NP) connected a to pressure transducer and the impedance signal measured by the forced oscillation technique (FOT) are relatively new tools to noninvasively investigate dynamic upper airflow obstruction during sleep. FOT provides a direct index of the magnitude of airway obstruction and, therefore, of the upper airway patency, even under conditions of no flow (apneas). NP are aimed at assessing flow. Thus, both techniques have a different scope. The main advantages of NP are that they are easy to use and do not require sophisticated technology, while FOT needs a more complex instrumentation. For clinical routine studies NP are probably the best and simplest method for assessing the different respiratory events during sleep. However, FOT would be particularly useful in selected applications such as assessing upper airway patency in some central apneas; interpreting the irregular pattern of breathing during REM sleep; in better characterizing the inspiratory flow-limited breaths classified as intermediate; and in studying upper airway mechanics.     

Use of intradermal dilutional testing and skin prick testing: clinical relevance and cost efficiency

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to determine the agreement of the positive results from a multiple skin prick test (SPT) device with the ability to determine a definable endpoint through intradermal dilutional testing (IDT) to compare semiquantitatively the degree of positivity of SPT results with quantitative results from IDT and to analyze the cost of immunotherapy based on SPT compared with IDT guided by SPT. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of clinical data (random accrual). METHODS: One hundred thirty-four patients underwent allergy screening using a multiple SPT device. Antigens testing positive by skin prick device were tested using IDT on a separate day. Antigens testing negative by SPT were not evaluated by IDT. Regional allergy testing practice patterns were determined, and a cost analysis using Medicare rates was performed RESULTS: There was good agreement between an antigen testing positive by SPT and the determination of a definable endpoint (93.33%, n = 1,334 antigens). The degree of positivity from the SPT correlated poorly with the final endpoint concentration (r = 0.40, P < .0001). Blended testing techniques were similar in cost when compared with several commonly used allergy testing protocols. CONCLUSIONS: Antigens which show reactivity to a multiple SPT device usually have a treatable endpoint that is independent of the degree of positivity of the SPT result. IDT is an important step in the determination of the strongest starting dose of immunotherapy that may be safely administered. Initiating immunotherapy in this manner may potentially create significant health care savings by shortening the time required for a patient to reach their individual maximally tolerated dose. The use of a relatively large screening panel is cost effective and does not increase the average number of antigens treated by immunotherapy. Blended allergy testing techniques that include IDT in their protocol are comparable in cost with commonly used allergy testing protocols.     

测定苯甲酸钠含量的新方法

目的建立用两点电位滴定法直接测定苯甲酸钠含量的方法。方法只需在化学计量点后适当位置测定两组滴定数据,即可确定化学计量点。结果平均偏差0.063,平均回收率为99.61%,RSD=0.21%(n=3)。结论所用方法简便、快速、准确,测定结果与药典法基本一致。