Student and professional attitudes and interests in working with people with complex communication needs

Speech-language pathology interest in working with people with complex communication needs was investigated in this study. Participants were third year speech-language pathology undergraduates and recent graduates who had participated in a unit on AAC. Undergraduates (n = 85) completed an Interaction with Disabled Persons attitudinal scale and a questionnaire about interest in various client groups before and after the unit. Some undergraduates (n = 34) repeated the attitudinal scale and completed another questionnaire 2 years after graduation. Recent graduates (n = 56) completed a questionnaire about working with people with complex communication needs and factors influencing work choices; 10 also participated in interviews or focus groups. We found a small but positive attitudinal shift for the undergraduates, but, along with previous disability experience, this was a weak predictor of working with this group. Working in developmental disability ranked low amongst undergraduate preferences. Most graduates were influenced in their job choices by a desire to work on a particular team and previous clinical placements. Questionnaires and interview/focus group data indicated the strong influence of clinical placements on later work choices. Participants who worked in disability appeared passionate about the work involved and offered suggestions for engaging more professionals with this group. Implications for speech-language pathology services in disability are discussed.     

Effects of wheelchair training on [Vdot]O2 kinetics in the participants with spinal-cord injury

Purpose.?We tested the hypothesis that, in eight participants (seven males, one female; 46.5 ± 8.3 years) with spinal-cord injury (complete lesions, T7-L1), the effects of exercise training on pulmonary O₂ uptake ([Vdot]O₂) on- and off- kinetics would appear early in this pilot study.

Methods.?The subjects underwent the wheelchair-training program (3 day/w, 30 min/day, and 50% HRreserve), and were evaluated before training (“time 0”, T0), and after 7 (T7), 15 (T15), 30 (T30), and 60 (T60) days of training. Breath-by-breath peak [Vdot]O₂ was determined during the incremental exercise until their exhaustion. At another day following the incremental exercise, the subjects performed three repetitions of a constant exercise at 50% peak [Vdot]O₂ workload so that [Vdot]O₂ could be determined for both on- and off-kinetics.

Results and conclusion.?Peak [Vdot]O₂ showed a tendency to increase with training; the increases became significant at T30. The time constants (τ₂) during “phase II” of the [Vdot]O₂ on-kinetics were 62.4 ± 13.0 (s) (T0), 51.2 ± 8.7 (T7), 46.1 ± 7.4 (T15), 45.0 ± 7.2 (T30), and 43.4 ± 6.4 (T60); a significant difference compared to T0 was observed from T7 onward. The same pattern of change as a function of training was described for the [Vdot]O₂ off-kinetics. It is concluded that in SCI participants, the acceleration of [Vdot]O₂ kinetics at the onset of exercise was observed over a short term.     

提高护生临床沟通能力的应用研究

目的：探讨沟通能力训练的应用效果。方法研究者在护理系2013级普通专科3年制护理3个班级中,随机挑选1个班级为试验组,其余2个班级为对照组。试验组在校期间通过情景模拟教学、实习前强化培训、组织学生自主见习活动、组织职业规划大赛等方式进行沟通能力培养。结果经过统计比较发现：两组学生入学时沟通能力无明显差异(P>0.05),试验组经过两年在校的沟通能力培养,沟通能力明显高于对照组( P<0.05)。结论多形式沟通能力训练可提高护生沟通能力,值得推广。     

护士灾难准备及相关培训的研究进展

我国幅员辽阔,自然灾害频发,伴随着中国的快速城市化,70%以上的城市分布在气象、地震、地质、海洋等自然灾害严重的区域,除了自然灾害近年来大规模突发事件、恐怖袭击的发生频率也有上升的趋势,灾难应对以及防范形势更显严峻。护士被认为是灾难救援中不可或缺的一支队伍,护士的贡献贯穿整个灾难期,其中灾难发生前的预防和准备显得尤为重要,因为灾前的准备程度是灾难护理能力的重要体现。     

Guía práctica para el debriefing online: revisión exploratoria y análisis de cursos con simulación clínica a distancia

IntroductionMany debriefing skills used when people are present in the same physical space translate poorly into virtual space. The objective was to develop a practical guide to recognize and manage online debriefing challenges.MethodsFocus group interviews, with facilitators who participated in distance-based simulation training courses, in combination with a scoping literature review were used to obtain qualitative data. Results were categorized using the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare ©.ResultsBetween July 2020 and March 2021, 12 facilitators trained 296 doctors and nurses from Spain and Latin America during 52 courses, 2 to 9.5 hours long, including 2 to 5 simulation cases each. Between 2014 and 2021, 12 out of 304 articles were selected for review.ConclusionsThe methods used have allowed to design a practical guide grounded on a simulation specific framework.     

女大学生性罪错新趋势与应对措施

当前女大学生性罪错出现了一些新的趋势,如性交往对象向校外转移,避孕意识缺失导致怀孕堕胎事件发生,为解决生活问题不惜公开求包养、卖淫,与导师进行性交易,以及出现性报复犯罪等情况。文章还以反面教材进行警示教育,建立女大学生性罪错监督与干预体系,重视高校自身名誉严肃校规校纪,整治校园周边环境,净化校园风气,从严整治人流市场规范医疗行为,扩展政府职能让计生委、妇联进高校等方面提出了应对措施。     

The effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training on muscle strength,volume and activity upon exposure to elevated Gz forces in high-performance aircraft personnel

Background:Technological advancements in modern military and acrobatic jet planes have resulted in extraordinary psychophysiological loads being exerted upon flying personnel,including inducing neck and back pain.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training on 1) the volume and strength of the neck and shoulder muscles and 2) muscular activity upon exposure to helmets of different masses and elevated Gz forces in a long-arm centrifuge in high-performance aircraft personnel.Methods:Eighteen participants underwent 12 weeks of functional strength training (n=12) or the control protocol(n=6) without additional strength training.Pre-and post-intervention tests included evaluations of isometric strength of the head extensor muscles,flexion,and lateral flexion and rotation,as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)to measure the volume of the m.stemocleidomastoideus,m.trapezius,and deep neck muscles.Furthermore,during a long-arm centrifuge (+1.4 and +3Gz) protocol,the muscular activity levels of the m.sternocleidomastoideus,m.trapezius and m.erector spinae muscles were assessed without a flight helmet,with a helmet,and with a helmet and night vision goggles.Each participant's perception of muscular strain was noted immediately after the long-arm centrifuge protocol.Results:The maximal isometric strength in all exercises and muscle volumes increased in the training group but not the control group (P＜0.05).Relative muscle activity (％MVC) with a helmet decreased after the intervention in the training but not the control group (P=0.01).Relative muscle activity while wearing a helmet and night vision goggles was higher after intervention in the control group than in the training group (P＜0.01).The perceived muscular strain of the neck muscles induced by the long-arm centrifuge did not differ between the groups.Conclusions:Twelve weeks of functional strength training improves the maximal isometric strength and volume of neck and shoulder muscles and leads to lower relative muscle activation upon exposure to elevated Gz forces in a long-arm centrifuge.     

中国传统性文化对90后女大学生性心理的影响研究

目的:研究90后女大学生对中国传统性文化的了解与认同程度及其性心理发展状况,探究中国传统性文化对当代90后女大学生的影响。方法:采用中国传统性文化问卷、90后女大学生性心理结构问卷对280名90后女大学生进行问卷测查。结果:90后女大学生对中国传统性文化的了解与认同程度及性心理的发展均处于中等偏下水平;中国传统性文化与90后女大学生性心理存在相关;中国传统性文化中的传统性观念对90后女大学生性心理有显著的预测作用。结论:90后女大学生对中国传统性文化的认知程度在一定程度上可以预测其性心理的发展水平,因此学校教育中应加强对性文化的解读,使其形成平等、端正的性观念,最终提升其性心理健康水平。