客观结构化临床考试中对护生职业态度情境的测评分析

[目的]了解护生职业态度的实际情况，为制定高等护理教育人才培养策略提供理论依据，促进护理毕业生在未来就业职场的竞争力。[方法]利用投射测验原理，自行设计职业态度l临床情境分析题，分析护生潜意识中对护理专业的真实情感与行为表现。[结果]护理本科毕业生职业态度整体趋向积极，而在某些与个人利益有冲突或较为棘手的临床情境中，部分学生职业态度趋向消极。[结论]护生职业态度情境测评可以了解护生内心真实职业情感，使护理教育者明确护生职业素养优化的方向。     

军校高护新生心理状况与应对方式分析

目的探讨我国军队高等院校护理新生心理健康状况与应对方式。方法应用SCL-90及大学生人格问卷(UPI)、简易应对方式量表(CSS)及自设问卷对294名护生进行调查,将结果输入SPSS10.0软件进行统计学处理。结果SCL-90和UPI的数据表明,本科与大专新生的总分、因子分(除躯体方面外),均显著高于正常人群,P<0.01;城市与乡镇的护生在总分和人际关系、精神病性因子上有显著性差异;不同层次和来源新生的应对方式(CSS)均无明显差异,但44%的护生经常采取积极的应对方式,11%的护生经常采取消极方式。结论本科护理新生心理健康水平稍好于专科新生,但学习积极性不如专科护生;乡镇护生心理健康水平不如城市护生,尤其人际关系方面的问题较多。     

师生对实习周记看法的调查

目的 了解带教老师与实习护生对实习周记的看法．方法 采用问卷调查法调查带教老师与实习护生各100人。结果 大多数师生赞成写周记；师生对周记的内容存在一定的分歧；约半数的师生对周记反映其内心世界持怀疑态度；83％的老师希望周记由病区护士长审阅，而72％的护生则主张由护理部审阅。结论 为了护生能积累知识，引导其正确书写周记或日记；周记与日记一样．应作为隐私而受到他人的尊重与保护；加强师生间的沟通，建立良好的师生感情；管理者可以通过对师生分别进行座谈、交谈、问卷调查、提问、考试等方法了解实习质量与效果。     

The relationship between preoperative nutritional state and adverse outcome following abdominal and thoracic surgery in children: Results from the NSQIP database

Introduction

Anthropometric measurements can be used to define pediatric malnutrition. Our study aims to: (1) characterize the preoperative nutritional status of children undergoing abdominal or thoracic surgery, and (2) describe the associations between WHO-defined acute (stunting) and chronic (wasting) undernutrition (Z-scores <?2) and obesity (BMI Z-scores > + 2) with 30-day postoperative outcomes.

Systematized HIV/AIDS education for student nurses at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria: impact on knowledge, attitudes and compliance with universal precautions

This paper reports the findings of a study which examines changes in a group of Bachelor of Science (BSc) nursing students' perceptions, knowledge of and attitudes towards human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), accruing from attempts at a systematized education for the cohort. Based upon a 3-month study of 141 registered nurses enrolled in a BSc nursing programme at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, it investigates alterations in knowledge and attitudes resulting from intense instruction on HIV/AIDS, AIDS patient care, and compliance with universal precautions. With regard to knowledge enhancement and attitudinal transformation, the research reveals that a number of positive changes occurred over the period of the study. Not only were the nurses better informed about AIDS than previously, but their attitudes towards the disease and patient care had become considerably more liberal, as well as their disposition to comply with universal precautions. The conclusion emphasizes that it is very important for education about HIV/AIDS to be incorporated within current undergraduate and in-service training programmes for Nigerian nurses.     

留学生医学微生物教学的几点体会

本文针对多年的留学生教学中取得的经验、存在的一些问题及应对措施进行了总结和探讨。     

Drug price,dosage and safety: Real-world evidence of oral hypoglycemic agents

ObjectivesDrug price reduction is one of the major policies to restrain pharmaceutical expenses worldwide. This study explores whether there is a relationship between drug price and clinical quality using real-world data.MethodsPatients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes receiving metformin or sulfonylureas during 2001 and 2010 were identified using the claim database of the Taiwan universal health insurance system. Propensity score matching was performed to obtain comparable subjects for analysis. Pharmaceutical products were categorized as brand-name agents (BD), highpriced generics (HP) or low-priced generics (LP). Indicators of clinical quality were defined as the dosage of cumulative oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), exposure to other pharmacological classes of OHA, hospitalization or urgent visit for hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, insulin utilization and diagnosis of diabetic complications within 1 year after diagnosis.ResultsA total of 40,152 study subjects were identified. A generalized linear mix model showed that HP and BD users received similar OHA dosages with comparable clinical outcomes. By contrast, LP users had similar outcomes to BD users but received a 39% greater OHA dosage. A marginally higher risk of poor glycemic control in LP users was also observed.ConclusionsDrug price is related to indicators of clinical quality. Clinicians and health authorities should monitor the utilization, effectiveness and clinical safety indicators of generic drugs, especially those with remarkably low prices.