Treatment of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia using 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine

 Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD) is an atypical lympho-proliferative disorder with borderline features that often constitute a diagnostic challenge for the hematopathologist and a therapeutic dilemma for the treating clinician. Morphologically, the involved lymph nodes in this disorder are characterized by abnormal infilitration by immunoblasts and plasma cells, often in clusters or sheets. Regressed follicles may be seen; these are referred to as "burned out." Neovascularization is prominent, and a background of inflammatory cells is usually present. AILD was originally thought to represent an exaggerated autoimmune response. Because of the short median survival of the patients and the demonstration of T-cell clonality, AILD now is considered an aggressive lymphoma and is recognized as a subset of peripheral T-cell lymphoma by the REAL classification. In this article we present a patient with AILD who achieved durable patrial remission after treatment with one cycle of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. Received: 16 March 1994 / Accepted: 8 July 1996     

Supratentorial recurrences of gliomas. Morphological studies in relation to time intervals with astrocytomas

Summary We report 137 recurrent supratentorial astrocytomas. The primary tumours diagnosed on the basis of a grading system with three stages were 72 astrocytomas I and 65 astrocytomas II. In the first group 14% of the recurrences were not changed, 55.5% became astrocytomas II, and 30.5% became glioblastomas. In the second group 55.4% were unchanged, and 44.6% became glioblastomas. The postoperative intervals until reintervention or death were statistically examined. It seems that the recurrence time chiefly depends on the nature of the primary tumour. The transformation of an astrocytoma I to a glioblastoma takes longer than the transformation of an astrocytoma II into a glioblastoma. In about two thirds of all astrocytomas an increase of malignancy is to be expected. From the histological picture it is not possible in an individual case to predict the likelihood or speed of malignant change. With regard to the effect of irradiation the authors conclude that radiotherapy most probably does not produce malignancy.The authors wish to express their gratitude to the founder and organizer of the Institute of Neurosurgery in Budapest, Prof. Dr. L. Zoltán (), for his promotion of these investigations.     

Prediction of survival and recurrence in bladder carcinoma

Summary We have followed a large population of patients receiving radiation treatment for bladder carcinoma with respect to survival and recurrence-free survival. Bivariate and multivariate life table analyses have been performed using a set of independent variables. The most important were T class, grade (G), urinary carcinoembryonic antigen (U-CEA) taken before treatment and cytological analysis 4 months after treatment. We compared the usual way of classifying a patient (T+G) with the combination of U-CEA and cytology since the latter two variables seemed to have great prognostic importance. The analyses show that T+G gives the best significance for survival (P=0.0003) while U-CEA and cytology is better for recurrence-free survival (=0.0002). 0.0002).     

Treatment of vertebro-basilar aneurysms

Summary In continuation of investigations on classification and treatment of ICA-system aneurysms and on the classification of the vertebro-basilar-system aneurysms their treatment has been discussed. Based on this, classification has been improved and the preoperative topographic diagnosis and the choice of approach have been influenced. The operative management has been pioneered by C. G. Drake, who described the technique in detail on hand of his enormous experience with 469 aneurysms of the vertebro-basilar-system (13). The necessity of a normal aneurysm neurosurgeon treating such aneurysms requires certain modifications of indication, approach and dissection. In a personal statement based on 35 VB-aneurysms (6 per cent) the strategy of handling these aneurysms has been developed (45). Microsurgical technique is regarded absolutely necessary. Thetransoral transclival access to aneurysms of the lower clivus should be included in the approaches, similarly to the transsphenoidal operations. It facilitates the direct isolation in a very difficult region.Electrothermic dissection of the aneurysm diminishes the risk of rupture during the isolation of the sack and facilitates the isolation of the neck. The statistics of Drake provide full data for the prognosis of these aneurysms. It is to note that in the recent time the results reported from different centres became more and more similar. The embolization of large bulbous or spheric and giant aneurysms by inflatable balloon-technique possibly may replace some risky direct or indirect operations.

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Zusammenfassung In Fortsetzung unserer Untersuchungen über die mikrochirurgische Klassifikation und Behandlung der Aneurysmen des A. carotis interna-Systems, sowie die Klassifikation der Aneurysmen des Vertebro-Basilaris-Gebietes befaßt sich der Beitrag mit der Therapie letzterer. Die moderne Klassifikation und parallel dazu die präoperative angiographische Diagnostik haben die Wahl der Craniotomie und des direkten Zugangs zum Aneurysma unmittelbar beeinflußt. Die operative Behandlung ist im wesentlichen das Werk eines Mannes — Charles Drake — der die Technik anhamd seines großen Krankengutes von derzeit 469 Fällen im Detail beschrieben hat. Die Notwendigkeit für den normalen Aneurysma-Neurochirurgen, derartige Aneurysmen zu behandeln, erfordert nach meiner Überzeugung gewisse Modifikationen der Indikation, des Zuganges und der Präparation. In einer persönlichen Stellungnahme, die sich auf eine Erfahrung von 35 Aneurysmen des Vertebro-Basilaris-Gebietes stützt (6%), werden die Prinzipien des Vorgehens erläutert. Die mikrochirurgische Technik ist unerläßlich.Dertransorale transclivale Zugang sollte für bestimmte Aneurysmen der A. basilaris ebenso durchgeführt werden, wie der transsphenoidale Zugang für Hypophysenadenome selbstverständlich geworden ist. Er erleichtert die direkte Freilegung in dem sehr risikoreichen Gebiet von Brücke und Hirnnerven.Dieelektrothermische Dissektion verringert das Risiko der Ruptur während der Präparation und erleichtert die Isolierung des Aneurysmahalses.Drake's Statistik enthält alle Einzelheiten über die Prognose der verschiedenen Vertebro-Basilaris-Aneurysmen als Maßstab für das eigene Resultat. Erfahrungen der letzten Jahre aus verschiedenen Kliniken zeigen, daß die Ergebnisse sich mehr und mehr angleichen.DieEmbolisation großer bulböser und sphärischer Aneurysmen und der Riesenaneurysmen durch die Ballon-Technik erscheint geeignet, risikoreiche direkte oder indirekte Operationen zumindest teilweise zu ersetzen.

     

Frontal dysfunction in schizophrenia – a new electrophysiological classifier for research and clinical applications

We determined whether schizophrenic patients can be reliably classified with electrophysiological tools. We developed a fully computerized classifier based on 5 minutes of EEG recording during an acoustical choice reaction time task (AMDP-module IV). We included factorized variables from the frequency domain and evoked potentials (N100/P200-complex) from central and frontal electrodes, which were preprocessed in a sample of 150 normal subjects prior to classification. We applied discriminant analyses to the electrophysiological data from depressive, schizophrenic and schizotypal subjects, most of them being unmedicated or drug-naive. The classifier was developed on a training set (33 schizophrenics, 49 normals) and tested on an independent sample (32 schizophrenics, 49 normals). A simple three-variable classifier was found to classify schizophrenics and normals in 77% of those tested correctly. Diagnostic specificity of the classifier proved to be low as the inclusion of depressive patients (n= 60) significantly decreased classification power. It was demonstrated that atypical but not typical neuroleptic drugs may influence the classification results. Correctly classified schizophrenics showed significantly more negative symptoms and slower reaction times than those schizophrenics who were misclassified as normals. In contrast, these misclassified schizophrenics showed a non-significant trend for more positive symptoms and shorter reaction times. As the correctly classified schizophrenics showed increased frontally pronounced delta-activity and decreased signal power of the N100/P200 amplitude, it was concluded that these schizophrenics show dysfunction of the frontal lobe. It is proposed that this new classifier can be useful for clinical and research applications when subtyping of schizophrenics with detection of frontal dysfunction as the aim.     

Clinical Observation on Therapeutic Effects of Acupuncture Treatment for 100 Cases of Type Ⅱ Diabetes

目的:观察针刺治疗糖尿病的疗效.方法:对100例患者在适当饮食控制的基础上,电针脾俞、肾俞、肺俞、胃脘下俞、足三里、内关、三阴交、合谷和血海,并辨证加减.结果:治疗后患者空腹血糖值下降,与治疗前比有显著差异(P＜0.05);症状明显者由治疗前的85%下降到治疗后的4%.结论:针刺能降低糖尿病患者空腹血糖,在改善临床症状方面亦有明显效果.     

浅谈恶性淋巴瘤分类和诊断与高新技术应用的关系

文章分析恶性淋巴瘤的分类、诊断与高新技术应用的关系，研究表明现代医学新技术在淋巴瘤的诊断和分类方面起着十分重要作用。     

河北省齿股蝇属区系分析(双翅目:环裂亚目)

目的 调查河北省齿股蝇属昆虫的种类、分布及区系特征。方法 采用昆虫分类学原理和方法。结果 在河北省发现齿股蝇属15种，古北区均有分布，其中5种仅在古北区有分布。结论 河北省齿股蝇属昆虫种数约占该科全国已知种数的30．00％，属于古北区系。     

基因表达数据判别分析的随机森林方法

目的探讨随机森林算法在基因表达数据分类研究中的应用。方法通过实际基因表达数据考核其应用效果，并通过模拟试验进一步验证和研究在存在大量无差异表达基因情况下对分类产生的影响。结果随机森林算法对基因表达数据的分类具有较高的准确性，但随着基因数量的增加其判别效果呈下降的趋势，在差异表达基因之间具有相关性时，下降趋势明显减慢，能够获得较理想的分类效果。结论随机森林算法对基因表达数据的分类研究有较好的判别效果。     

中国溜头秽蝇属分类研究初报(双翅目:蝇科)

文中报告了近年来笔者对我国溜头秽蝇属（Lispocephala）的分类研究结果.通过调查研究及查阅文献资料,发现我国该属目前共有20种,包括1新种极乐溜头秽蝇（Lispocephala paradisea）（将另文发表）,15个种为新组合,并报告了中国产该属20种名录和地理分布.