全手皮肤脱套伤的分型和治疗

目的总结全手皮肤脱套伤的伤情特点,探讨全手皮肤脱套伤的分型标准及治疗方法。方法 1999年12月-2010年5月,收治41例全手皮肤脱套伤。男28例,女13例;年龄18～58岁,平均35岁。致伤原因:碾压伤28例,挤压伤13例。受伤至手术时间1～10 h,平均3 h。根据自定全手皮肤脱套伤分型标准:Ⅰ型11例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型4例,Ⅳ型8例,Ⅴ型13例。Ⅰ型采用吻合血管回植术;Ⅱ型采用带足背皮瓣的甲瓣、第2趾甲瓣再造术;Ⅲ型采用双足带足背皮瓣的第2趾甲瓣再造术;Ⅳ型采用吻合血管回植术;Ⅴ型采用带足背皮瓣的甲瓣再造(8例)或腹部皮瓣修复术(5例)。足背皮瓣切取范围为9 cm×6 cm～17 cm×11 cm,足背供区游离植皮修复。结果术后Ⅰ型6例发生部分手指坏死,Ⅳ型6例发生部分手指及手掌皮肤坏死;其余患者皮瓣、再造指及回植皮肤均成活。足背供区及腹部供区均顺利愈合。40例患者获随访,随访时间6个月～7年,平均14个月。采用吻合血管回植治疗者,手部皮肤颜色、质地接近正常,功能恢复佳,感觉恢复至S2～S4;采用甲瓣及趾甲瓣再造手指者,手功能基本恢复,再造指感觉恢复至S2～S3;采用腹部皮瓣者,手功能恢复欠佳,手部感觉恢复至S1～S2。结论采用自定标准对全手皮肤脱套伤程度进行分型,并指导临床治疗方案的选择,可获得较好临床疗效。     

枢椎骨折合并相邻节段不稳的分型和手术治疗选择

目的:提出枢椎骨折合并相邻节段不稳的分型,探讨分型对于手术方式选择的指导意义。方法:2003年8月~2011年6月我院手术治疗枢椎骨折合并相邻节段不稳患者47例,其中男31例,女16例;年龄19~59岁,平均32岁。术前合并脊髓损伤11例,脊髓功能Frankel分级A级1例,B级2例,C级3例,D级5例。JOA评分为1~15(10.60±3.29)分。根据枢椎骨折的类型及其寰枢关节、C2/3关节的稳定情况分为3型:A型,枢椎骨折合并C1/2不稳,21例;B型,枢椎骨折合并C2/3不稳,17例;C型,枢椎骨折同时合并C1/2及C2/3不稳,9例。A型采用后路寰枢椎固定术,可联合齿状突螺钉固定;B型采用前路椎间盘切除、植骨融合、钢板固定术;C型采用后路C1~C3固定术。3例寰枢椎螺钉置入困难,采用枕颈融合术。均在固定骨折枢椎的同时,稳定C1/2和C2/3节段。术后3个月行JOA评分,术后随访X线片或CT片评价骨折愈合、植骨融合及颈椎稳定性情况。结果:47例均顺利完成手术,术中无椎动脉损伤、神经损伤、气管食管损伤等手术并发症。随访9~48个月,平均15个月。术后3个月JOA评分为2~17(13.83±3.93)分,与术前比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),JOA评分改善率为72.3%~90.8%,优良率为98%。术后6个月脊髓功能Frankel分级,1例B级无变化,10例Frankel分级改善1~2级。术后6~9个月复查X线片示骨折愈合良好,39例行植骨融合者在术后3~6个月(平均4.5个月)均获骨性融合。随访期间,颈椎序列良好,颈椎伸屈侧位X线片显示颈椎稳定,无内固定松动、脱出及断裂。结论:根据枢椎骨折合并相邻节段不稳的分型合理选择手术方案,在固定枢椎同时兼顾相邻节段的稳定性,能取得良好疗效。     

住院患者护理相关《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》类目的初步研究

目的初步确定住院患者护理相关《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)类目,以此构建住院患者护理相关ICF框架。方法从世界卫生组织ICF中初筛出护理类目,编制专家咨询问卷;对36名护理专家进行问卷咨询,按专家意见一致性>80%的标准筛选类目;按临床实用性原则对咨询结果再次筛选。结果初筛出护理类目211个,专家咨询后提取79个,再次筛选后初步确定意识功能、定向功能等74个护理类目。结论初步确定的护理类目在ICF中分布比较合理,具有系统性、有效性和方便交流的特点,可作为住院患者护理干预措施和结局评价的框架。     

尿道下裂中阴茎下曲的外科矫正

目的 探讨尿道下裂患儿中阴茎下曲的分类诊断及其针对性治疗的重要性与意义.方法 对中山大学附属第一医院1989 -2011年诊治的尿道下裂合并阴茎下曲的患儿进行随机抽样回顾与对照研究.患儿分两组:A组为传统组(232例),术前仅依据临床症状或人工刺激诱发勃起诊断阴茎下曲,术中经验性地进行下曲纠正,未进行客观评估,下曲纠正方法包括阴茎脱套、浅深筋膜松解、尿道板离断等;B组为研究组(25例),术前依据临床症状和人工刺激诱发勃起诊断阴茎下曲外,均严格实行术中阴茎海绵体盐水注射人工勃起试验对阴茎下曲进行分类诊断、针对性治疗以及矫正效果评估.根据病因病理不同,将阴茎下曲分为皮肤型、筋膜型、尿道型、海绵体型及阴茎头型.下曲纠正方法除了针对性选用A组的术式外,接受不同方式白膜折叠术者占24％(6/25). 结果 A组术后阴茎下曲持续或复发者86例(37％),痛性勃起者25例(11％),患者或家属对下曲改善满意与基本满意者183例(79％),随访时年龄≥18岁者25例,IIEF-5评分＜21分者7例(28％).B组阴茎下曲单一类型者7例(28％),合并类型者18例(72％),术后随访无下曲持续与复发,无痛性勃起,患者或家属对下曲改善满意度为100％.两组阴茎下曲疗效差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).B组中折叠组(6例)矫正前后阴茎勃起时长度分别为(4.58±1.59)、(6.16±2.54) cm;非折叠组(19例)分别为(4.01±1.18)、(5.82±1.51)cm,两组术后阴茎勃起长度均较术前明显增加(P＜0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 应重视尿道下裂患儿阴茎下曲的分类病因病理诊断,针对性地选用下曲纠正治疗方式能进一步提高尿道下裂治疗效果.尿道下裂中阴茎下曲的病因病理改变可单一也可合并存在.阴茎下曲纠正术能增长阴茎长度,与其他阴茎下曲矫正术相比,阴茎背侧白膜折叠术对阴茎长度的影响无明显差异.     

面向叙词表编制的生物、医学、农业间学科交叉现象研究

目的：通过研究叙词表覆盖学科的学科交叉现象及交叉程度,优化叙词表专业概念的收录比例,促进叙词表概念关系的构建。方法：基于传统的分类法体系——分类号,统计生物、医学、农业三大学科的文献产出数量及其拥有的多个分类号的文献数量,分析3个学科间的交叉现象及程度。结果：医学领域文献产出数最多,生物与农业两学科的交叉现象最明显。结论：研究与分析文献分类信息、学科交叉现象可以促进叙词表交叉概念的遴选。     

新型胸腰椎骨折损伤AO分型系统的可信度和可重复性研究

目的:评价新型胸腰椎骨折损伤AO分型系统的可信度和可重复性,探讨影响分型一致性的主要原因。方法:选取5名医师,根据术前正侧位X线片、CT、MRI影像,用新型AO分型系统独立对收治的70例胸腰椎骨折损伤患者进行分型。对同一例患者,5名医师在一次分型中只要有1名医师分型不同即认定为不一致。6周后,打乱资料顺序再次分型。全部资料均不含与分型有关的任何标记,应用加权Cohen′s Kappa系数(unweighted Cohen Kappa coefficients)评价观察者间可信度和观察者内可重复性。结果:新型AO分型系统的可信度Kappa系数为0.602,可重复性平均Kappa系数为0.782。在3大骨折类型中,压缩型(A型)和分离移位型(C型)损伤的判定具有中、高度的可信度和极好的可重复性,可信度Kappa系数分别为0.604、0.662,可重复性平均Kappa系数分别为0.787、0.761;牵张型损伤(B型)判定的一致性相对较差,可信度Kappa系数为0.362,可重复性平均Kappa系数为0.657。损伤各亚型整体一致性,可信度Kappa系数为0.526,可重复性平均Kappa系数为0.701;其中B2型一致性最差,可信度Kappa系数为0.214,可重复性平均Kappa系数为0.633;其次为A4型,可信度Kappa系数为0.322,可重复性平均Kappa系数为0.685。结论:新型胸腰椎骨折损伤AO分型系统具有中、高度的一致性和极好的可重复性,但对A4和B2型骨折判定的可信度较差。     

Prenatal Sonography in Suspected Proximal Gastrointestinal Obstructions: Diagnostic Accuracy and Neonatal Outcomes

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess diagnostic accuracy and neonatal outcomes in fetuses with a suspected proximal gastrointestinal obstruction (GIO).MethodsAfter IRB approval, a retrospective chart review was conducted on prenatally suspected and/or postnatally confirmed cases of proximal GIO at a tertiary care facility (2012–2022). Maternal-fetal records were queried for presence of a double bubble ± polyhydramnios, and neonatal outcomes were assessed to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of fetal sonography.ResultsAmong 56 confirmed cases, the median birthweight and gestational age at birth were 2550 g [interquartile range (IQR) 2028–3012] and 37 weeks (IQR 34–38), respectively. There was one (2%) false-positive and three (6%) false-negatives by ultrasound. Double bubble had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for proximal GIO of 85%, 98%, 98%, and 83%, respectively. Pathologies included 49 (88%) with duodenal obstruction/annular pancreas, three (5%) with malrotation, and three (5%) with jejunal atresia. The median postoperative length of stay was 27 days (IQR 19–42). Cardiac anomalies were associated with significantly higher complications (45% vs 17%, p = 0.030).ConclusionsIn this contemporary series, fetal sonography has high diagnostic accuracy for detecting proximal gastrointestinal obstruction. These data are informative for pediatric surgeons in prenatal counseling and preoperative discussions with families.Level of EvidenceDiagnostic Study, Level III.     

Contemporary Epidemiology of and Risk Factors Associated with Removal of a Pathologically Normal Appendix in Children with Suspected Appendicitis

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to characterize contemporary performance benchmarks and risk factors associated with negative appendectomy (NA) in children with suspected appendicitis.MethodsA multicenter retrospective cohort analysis of children undergoing appendectomy for suspected appendicitis was performed using data from the 2016–2021 NSQIP-Pediatric Appendectomy Targeted Public Use Files. Multivariable regression was used to evaluate the influence of year, age, sex, and WBC count on NA rate, and to generate rate estimates for NA based on different combinations of demographic characteristics and WBC profiles.Results100,322 patients were included from 140 hospitals. The overall NA rate was 2.4%, and rates decreased significantly during the study period (2016: 3.1% vs. 2021: 2.3%, p < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, the highest risk for NA was associated with a normal WBC (<9000/mm³; OR 5.31 [95% CI: 4.87–5.80]), followed by female sex (OR 1.55 [95% CI: 1.42–1.68]) and age <5 years (OR 1.64 [95% CI 1.39, 1.94]). Model-estimated risk for NA varied significantly across demographic and WBC strata, with a 14.4-fold range in rates between subgroups with the lowest and highest predicted risk (males 13–17 years with elevated WBC [1.1%] vs. females 3–4 years with normal WBC [15.8%]).ConclusionsContemporary NA rates have decreased over time, however NA risk remains high in children without a leukocytosis, particularly for girls and children <5 years of age. These data provide contemporary performance benchmarks for NA in children with suspected appendicitis and identify high-risk populations where further efforts to mitigate NA risk should be targeted.Level of EvidenceIII.     

Pediatric button battery ingestion: A single center experience and risk score to predict severe outcomes

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze the management and outcomes of primary button battery ingestions and their sequelae at a single high-volume center, and to propose a risk score to predict the likelihood of a severe outcome.MethodsThe medical record was queried for all patients under 21 years old evaluated at our institution for button battery ingestion from 2008 to 2021. A severe outcome was defined as having at least one of the following: deep/circumferential mucosal erosion, perforation, mediastinitis, vascular or airway injury/fistula, or development of esophageal stricture. From a selection of clinically relevant factors, logistic regression determined predictors of a severe outcome, which were incorporated into a risk model.Results143 patients evaluated for button battery ingestion were analyzed. 24 (17%) had a severe outcome. The independent predictors of a severe outcome in multivariate analysis were location of battery in the esophagus on imaging (96%), battery size >/ = 2 cm (95%), and presence of any symptoms on presentation (96%), with P < 0.001 in all cases. Predicted probability of a severe outcome ranged from 88% when all three risk factors were observed, to 0.3% when none were present.ConclusionWe report the presentation, management, and complication profiles of a large cohort of BB ingestions treated at a single institution. A risk score to predict severe outcomes may be used by providers initially evaluating patients with button battery ingestion in order to allocate resources and expedite transfer to a center with pediatric endoscopic and surgical capabilities.Level of evidenceLevel IV.Type of studyClinical Research Paper.     

锁骨近端骨折的手术治疗方法及分型探讨

目的：总结不同锁骨近端骨折的手术治疗方法并探讨锁骨近端骨折的分型。方法：2017年1月至2020年12月收治24例移位型锁骨近端骨折患者,男16例,女8例;年龄28~66岁;其中新鲜骨折20例,陈旧性骨折4例。骨折Edinburgh分型,1B1型14例,1B2型10例。根据不同骨折分型选择不同的内固定方式进行内固定治疗。记录手术时间、失血量、术前后移位差异、骨折愈合时间及Rockwood评分结果。结果：24例患者获得随访,时间12~24个月。术后无感染、复位丢失情况发生,有3例患者出现内固定失效断裂退钉情况,取出内固定装置。手术时间30~65 min,失血量15~40 ml。无重要神经血管脏器损伤。影像学愈合时间3~6个月。末次随访Rockwood功能评分（13.50±1.86）分,疼痛（2.57±0.50）分、活动范围（2.78±0.41）分、肌肉强度（2.93±0.28）分、日常活动受限（2.85±0.35）分、主观结果（2.63±0.61）分,其中优20例,良3例,可1例。结论：锁骨近端骨折是一种发生率较低的骨折类型,针对不同的骨折分型可对应选择不同内固定方法及治疗方式,均取得较为满意的手术效果。