An animal model of chronic inflammatory pain: pharmacological and temporal differentiation from acute models.

Clinically, inflammatory pain is far more persistent than that typically modelled pre-clinically, with the majority of animal models focussing on short-term effects of the inflammatory pain response. The large attrition rate of compounds in the clinic which show pre-clinical efficacy suggests the need for novel models of, or approaches to, chronic inflammatory pain if novel mechanisms are to make it to the market. A model in which a more chronic inflammatory hypersensitivity phenotype is profiled may allow for a more clinically predictive tool. The aims of these studies were to characterise and validate a chronic model of inflammatory pain. We have shown that injection of a large volume of adjuvant to the intra-articular space of the rat knee results in a prolonged inflammatory pain response, compared to the response in an acute adjuvant model. Additionally, this model also results in a hypersensitive state in the presence and absence of inflammation. A range of clinically effective analgesics demonstrate activity in this chronic model, including morphine (3mg/kg, t.i.d.), dexamethasone (1mg/kg, b.i.d.), ibuprofen (30mg/kg, t.i.d.), etoricoxib (5mg/kg, b.i.d.) and rofecoxib (0.3-10mg/kg, b.i.d.). A further aim was to exemplify the utility of this chronic model over the more acute intra-plantar adjuvant model using two novel therapeutic approaches; NR2B selective NMDA receptor antagonism and iNOS inhibition. Our data shows that different effects were observed with these therapies when comparing the acute model with the model of chronic inflammatory joint pain. These data suggest that the chronic model may be more relevant to identifying mechanisms for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain states in the clinic.     

Predicting work status following interdisciplinary treatment for chronic pain.

The effectiveness of interdisciplinary treatments for chronic pain is well established. In general, these treatments decrease psychosocial distress and increase physical abilities. Further, return to work rates following interdisciplinary treatment tend to be quite high. Previous studies have highlighted a number of factors that individually influence return to work rates; however, there is a need for more comprehensive and unified models that allow an evaluation of the inter-relations among these factors. The present investigation examined how demographic and treatment outcome variables interacted to influence post-treatment return to work rates in a sample of individuals with chronic pain following interdisciplinary treatment. Results indicated that patient age, lifting ability, pain duration, depression level, and reported disability were individually related to return to work; however, when these variables were evaluated relative to one another, level of depression and patient age had the best ability to predict post-treatment work status. These results add to the literature by specifically highlighting post-treatment factors that best discriminate patients who had returned to work from those that had not. Furthermore, they provide evidence that general emotional distress is perhaps the most important predictor of work status following treatment.     

慢性乙型病毒性肝炎治疗新方法

就当前慢性乙肝治疗的新方法、新进展作一综述。     

Spinal Cord Stimulation in a Mouse Chronic Neuropathic Pain Model

Objective. Development of a spinal cord stimulation (SCS) system in a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain. Materials and Methods. Male C57BL/6 mice (N = 6) underwent a partial ligation of the sciatic nerve. Development of mechanical hyperalgesia was tested using the withdrawal response to tactile stimuli with the von Frey test. An SCS system was implanted on day 14. On day 16, the mice were stimulated for 30 min (f = 50 Hz; pulse width 0.2 msec and stimulation at 2/3 of motor threshold). Repeated measure analysis of variance (anova ) and paired Student's t‐test with Bonferroni correction were used to evaluate the development of mechanical hyperalgesia and the therapeutic effect of SCS. Results. Five out of six mice developed marked mechanical hyperalgesia in the nerve‐lesioned paw that persisted for the duration of the study (16 days). No changes contralateral to the injury were observed. In four out of five mice, a successful implantation of the electrodes followed by stimulation was achieved. Then, SCS resulted in a fast and robust increase of withdrawal threshold back to pre‐injury levels. After termination of the SCS, the withdrawal threshold of the ipsilateral paw slowly decreased. No effect of SCS on the contralateral paw was noted. Conclusion. The development of a mouse SCS system is described that is practical in use, is reproducible, and shows a comparative therapeutic effect in treatment of chronic neuropathic pain as reported in rat.     

物理疗法治疗慢性疲劳综合征的临床观察

目的:观察与评价两种物理疗法对慢性疲劳综合征的临床疗效。方法:应用随机数字表,随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组36例,男12例,女24例;年龄27~65岁,平均50.80岁。对照组36例,男19例,女17例;年龄23~60岁,平均41.37岁。治疗组采用温热理疗床治疗6周。对照组采用腹部推拿手法治疗6周。观察并对比两组治疗前后记忆力或注意力下降,咽痛,颈部僵直或腋下淋巴结肿大、触痛,肌肉疼痛,多发性关节疼痛,反复头痛,睡眠紊乱,劳累后肌痛等症状体征的变化。结果:两组治疗后症状体征积分变化均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间疗效变化有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组优于治疗组。结论:物理疗法对慢性疲劳综合征引起的一系列临床症状及体征具有一定程度的改善效果。     

慢性粒细胞白血病骨髓细胞体外培养净化作用实验研究

目的 :采用 FISH方法直接在干细胞水平对慢性粒细胞白血病 (CML )患者自体骨髓体外培养前后的间期细胞进行 bcr/abl融合基因检测 ,从而探讨 CML 骨髓细胞体外培养对自体骨髓移植物的净化作用。方法 :分离初治的慢性期 Ph+ CML 7例骨髓单个核细胞 (MNCs) ,体外培养 10 d,用免疫磁珠 (MACS)富集培养前后的 CD34+ 细胞 ,通过流式细胞仪检测培养前后 MNCs中 CD34+ 干细胞比例 ,然后用 FISH方法检测其中 bcr/abl融合基因 ,同时分别用正常人细胞及 K5 6 2细胞株作阴性及阳性对照。结果 :(1) 7例患者骨髓细胞培养前后 CD34+ 细胞中 bcr/abl融合基因平均检出率分别为 85 .3%± 4 .9%和 78%± 5 .1% ,有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,(2 )培养前培养体系中 CD34+ 细胞数量为 (6 .0 6 0± 1.5 6 4 )× 10 5个 ,培养后体系中的 CD34+细胞数量为 (5 .974± 1.4 2 4 )× 10 5个 ,两者无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。 (3)在对照组中假阳性率为 2 .5 % ,假阴性率为 2 %。结论 :自体骨髓细胞体外培养对 CML 病人的骨髓肿瘤细胞有一定程度的净化作用 ;FISH技术直接在干细胞水平检测 bcr/abl融合基因 ,且能定量分析 ,较传统方法更适合对骨髓净化进行评价 ,为骨髓净化提供了一种更方便、可靠的评定方法     

Changing health status and health expectancies among older adults in China: Gender differences from 1992 to 2002

Numerous studies document improvements in health status and health expectancies among older adults over time. However, most evidence is from developed nations and gender differences in health trends are often inconsistent. It remains unknown whether changes in health in developing countries resemble Western trends or whether patterns of health improvement are unique to the country's epidemiologic transition and gender norms. Using two nationally representative samples of non-institutionalized adults in China aged 65 years and older, this study investigates gender differences in the improvements in disability, chronic disease prevalence, and self-rated health from 1992 to 2002. Results from multivariate logistic regression models show that all three indicators of health improved over the 10-year period, with the largest improvement in self-rated health. With the exception of disability, the health of women improved more than men. Using Sullivan's decomposition methods, we also show that active life expectancy, disease-free life expectancy, and healthy life expectancy increased over this decade and were patterned differently according to gender. Overall, the findings demonstrate that China experienced broad health improvements during its early stages of the epidemiologic transition and that these changes were not uniform by gender. We discuss the public health implications of the findings in the context of China's rapidly aging population.     

鲍氏不动杆菌致慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺部感染临床及耐药性分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺部鲍氏不动杆菌感染的临床特点和耐药情况.方法 对78例COPD患者肺部鲍氏不动杆菌感染的临床表现及药敏情况进行回顾分析.结果 药物敏感性测定提示该菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦耐药率最低,为14.9%,其次为亚胺培南和美罗培南,分别是24.8%和28.2%;对氨苄西林、头孢他啶,头孢吡肟、哌拉西林、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、阿米卡星、氨曲南和替卡西林/克拉维酸有较高耐药率,为48.5%～74.8%.结论 COPD患者肺部鲍氏不动杆菌感染与年老体弱,广谱抗菌药物及激素应用、呼吸道侵入性操作及呼吸机使用有关,临床表现无特异性,耐药严重,病死率高,应注意预防.