急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术时机的选择及中转开腹的影响因素分析

目的 探讨急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术时机的选择及中转开腹的影响因素.方法 160例行腹腔镜手术的急性胆囊炎患者,按出现症状距手术时间分为四组:24 h以内手术为A组(56例)、24～48 h手术为B组(42例)、49 ～ 72 h手术为C组(40例)、72 h以后手术为D组(22例),比较各组手术时间、中转开腹、住院时间及住院费用等,并分析影响腹腔镜手术中转开腹的相关因素.结果 D组中转开腹率[ 59.09％( 13/22)]明显高于A组[19.64％( 11/56)](P＜0.01).A组手术时间最短,D组手术时间最长.D组住院时间明显长于其他各组(P＜0.05).各组住院费用比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).单因素分析结果显示,白细胞计数、体温、手术时机、胆囊颈部结石嵌顿是影响中转开腹的危险因素(P＜0.05).多因素回归分析结果显示,白细胞计数和手术时机是中转开腹的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术中转开腹与白细胞计数、体温、手术时机、胆囊颈部结石嵌顿等因素有关,白细胞计数和手术时机是其独立危险因素.腹腔镜手术的最佳时机为发病后72h内,并且白细胞计数＜15×1099/L.     

Deficiencies of Circulating Mucosal-associated Invariant T Cells and Natural Killer T Cells in Patients with Acute Cholecystitis

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells are known to play crucial roles in a variety of diseases, including autoimmunity, infectious diseases, and cancers. However, little is known about the roles of these invariant T cells in acute cholecystitis. The purposes of this study were to examine the levels of MAIT cells and NKT cells in patients with acute cholecystitis and to investigate potential relationships between clinical parameters and these cell levels. Thirty patients with pathologically proven acute cholecystitis and 47 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Disease grades were classified according to the revised Tokyo guidelines (TG13) for the severity assessment for acute cholecystitis. Levels of MAIT and NKT cells in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating MAIT and NKT cell numbers were significantly lower in acute cholecystitis patients than in healthy controls, and these deficiencies in MAIT cells and NKT cell numbers were associated with aging in acute cholecystitis patients. Notably, a reduction in NKT cell numbers was found to be associated with severe TG13 grade, death, and high blood urea nitrogen levels. The study shows numerical deficiencies of circulating MAIT and NKT cells and age-related decline of these invariant T cells. In addition, NKT cell deficiency was associated with acute cholecystitis severity and outcome. These findings provide an information regarding the monitoring of these changes in circulating MAIT and NKT cell numbers during the course of acute cholecystitis and predicting prognosis.     

Acute surgical unit safely reduces unnecessary after-hours cholecystectomy

Introduction

The acute surgical model has been trialled in several institutions with mixed results. The aim of this study was to determine whether the acute surgical model provides better outcomes for patients with acute biliary presentation, compared with the traditional emergency surgery model of care.

Methods

A retrospective review was carried out of patients who were admitted for management of acute biliary presentation, before and after the establishment of an acute surgical unit (ASU). Outcomes measured were time to operation, operating time, after-hours operation (6pm – 8am), length of stay and surgical complications.

Results

A total of 342 patients presented with acute biliary symptoms and were managed operatively. The median time to operation was significantly reduced in the ASU group (32.4 vs 25.4 hours, p=0.047), as were the proportion of operations performed after hours (19.5% vs 2.5%, p<0.001) and the median length of stay (4 vs 3 days, p<0.001). The median operating time, rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy and wound infection rates remained similar.

Conclusions

Implementation of an ASU can lead to objective differences in outcomes for patients who present with acute cholecystitis. In our study, the ASU significantly reduced time to operation, the number of operations performed after hours and length of stay.     

慢性胆囊炎患者血清瘦素及可溶性瘦素受体与血脂水平的变化及关系

目的:探讨慢性胆囊炎患者血清瘦素(Lep)、可溶性瘦素受体(s LR)与血脂水平的变化及其相互关系。方法:选择103例慢性胆囊炎患者,以91例健康体检者为对照,测定所有受试者空腹血清Lep、s LR、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL),分析慢性胆囊炎患者血清Lep、s LR水平与血脂水平的关系。结果:与对照组比较,慢性胆囊炎组患者血清TC、LDL和Lep水平均明显升高,而s LR水平明显降低(均P0.05)。单因素分析显示,Lep水平与TC、TG和HDL水平呈明显正相关(均P0.05),而s LR水平与各血脂指标无明显相关性(均P0.05);多元回归分析显示,Lep水平与TC水平呈明显正相关(P0.05)。结论:慢性胆囊炎患者血清Lep明显升高、s LR水平降低以及血脂代谢紊乱,其中,Lep升高所致胆固醇代谢障碍可能是主要原因。     

Laparoscopic management of intra-abdominal infections: Systematic review of the literature

AIM: To investigate the role of laparoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of intra abdominal infections.METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed including studies where intra abdominal infections were treated laparoscopically.RESULTS: Early laparoscopic approaches have become the standard surgical technique for treating acute cholecystitis. The laparoscopic appendectomy has been demonstrated to be superior to open surgery in acute appendicitis. In the event of diverticulitis, laparoscopic resections have proven to be safe and effective procedures for experienced laparoscopic surgeons and may be performed without adversely affecting morbidity and mortality rates. However laparoscopic resection has not been accepted by the medical community as the primary treatment of choice. In high-risk patients, laparoscopic approach may be used for exploration or peritoneal lavage and drainage. The successful laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcers for experienced surgeons, is demonstrated to be safe and effective. Regarding small bowel perforations, comparative studies contrasting open and laparoscopic surgeries have not yet been conducted. Successful laparoscopic resections addressing iatrogenic colonic perforation have been reported despite a lack of literature-based evidence supporting such procedures. In post-operative infections, laparoscopic approaches may be useful in preventing diagnostic delay and controlling the source.CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy has a good diagnostic accuracy and enables to better identify the causative pathology; laparoscopy may be recommended for the treatment of many intra-abdominal infections.     

Imaging-based algorithmic approach to gallbladder wall thickening

Gallbladder(GB) wall thickening is a frequent finding caused by a spectrum of conditions. It is observed in many extracholecystic as well as intrinsic GB conditions. GB wall thickening can either be diffuse or focal. Diffuse wall thickening is a secondary occurrence in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathologies of GB, whereas, focal wall thickening is mostly associated with intrinsic GB pathologies. In the absence of specific clinical features, accurate etiological diagnosis can be challenging. The survival rate in GB carcinoma(GBC) can be improved if it is diagnosed at an early stage, especially when the tumor is confined to the wall. The pattern of wall thickening in GBC is often confused with benign diseases, especially chronic cholecystitis, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, and adenomyomatosis. Early recognition and differentiation of these conditions can improve the prognosis. In this minireview, the authors describe the patterns of abnormalities on various imaging modalities(conventional as well as advanced) for the diagnosis of GB wall thickening. This paper also illustrates an algorithmic approach for the etiological diagnosis of GB wall thickening and suggests a formatted reporting for GB wall abnormalities.     

超声引导下经皮胆囊穿刺引流术治疗老年人急性胆囊炎的临床观察

目的 探讨超声引导经皮胆囊穿刺引流术(PPDG)在老年人急性胆囊炎中的应用价值. 方法 回顾性分析59例老年急性胆囊炎患者在超声引导下行PPDG(PPDG组)的临床资料,并与同期37例行胆囊切除术(切除术组)和13例手术胆囊造瘘(造瘘术组)患者的临床资料进行对比,对3种治疗方法的疗效、安全性等进行比较. 结果 切除术组和造瘘术组术后并发症发生率和病死率及平均住院天数分别为32.4％ (12/37)和7.7％(1/13),5.4％(2/37)和7.7％(1/13)和(25.4±16.5)d和(32.0±12.5)d,PPDG组患者无并发症和死亡,平均住院天数为(19.5±9.8)d,3组间比较差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05). 结论 超声引导下PPDG是治疗老年人急性胆囊炎有效、安全和简便的方法.     

Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis. Retrospective Analysis of 12 Cases

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a rare variant of chronic cholecystitis characterized by severe proliferative fibrosis and accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages in areas of destructive inflammation. The macroscopic appearance generally mimics a gallbladder carcinoma.

Twelve cases of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis were identified from a retrospective analysis of the patient records of 770 cholecystectomy cases operated on in our department from January 1996 to October 2001. There were four men and eight women. Mean age of presentation was 52.5 years. Eleven patients had gallbladder stones. Seven patients had a history of acute cholecystitis and five patients of biliary colicky pain. Five cases were presented with obstructive jaundice and five with acute cholecystitis. Right upper quadrant mass was palpable in three patients. All patients underwent cholecystectomy. Open surgery was planned and performed in three patients. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was planned in nine patients but converted to open surgery in three cases. Nine patients had an uneventful postoperative course. One patient developed wound infection and one patient a postoperative pulmonary infection. One patient developed acute abdomen in the 2^nd postoperative day and was re-operated for bile peritonitis. No mortality was seen in the series.     

Ｂ超引导下经皮胆囊穿刺置管引流术治疗妊娠中晚期急性结石性胆囊炎

目的:探讨超声引导下经皮胆囊穿刺引流术(PPDG)治疗妊娠中晚期急性结石性胆囊炎的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年9月—2015年10月47例妊娠中晚期急性结石性胆囊炎患者行超声引导下PPDG的临床资料。结果:47例患者均成功实施PPDG,治疗后腹痛、发热等症状迅速缓解,无出血、胆瘘等并发症,实验室指标包括白细胞计数、转氨酶、总胆红素、降钙素原均较治疗前明显改善(均P0.05)。除1例患者置管后7 d导管脱落,其余患者均常规拔管或带管分娩后择期行胆囊切除术时拔管。47例患者28例自然分娩,19例剖宫产,新生儿均正常。结论:超声引导下PPDG是治疗妊娠中晚期急性结石胆囊炎有效、安全和简便的方法,推荐临床应用。     

临床路径对医疗资源使用的效益——以腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者为例

目的:应用医院病例数据评价临床路径对腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者医疗资源使用的管理效果。方法:采集深圳市7家公立医院2015年12月—2016年9月的病案首页,研究对象为第一诊断是胆囊结石伴慢性胆囊炎(ICD10:K80. 1)且行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术(ICD-9-CM:51. 23)。统计分析方法采用独立t检验、卡方检验以及广义线性回归分析。结果:共有932例符合研究对象的定义,其中路径组696例,平均住院天日7. 15天,住院费用15 181. 5元;非路径组236例,平均住院天日9. 42天,住院费用19 774. 8元。校正其他影响因素后,路径组的住院天日比非路径组少1. 51天(P 0. 001),住院费用少3 818元(P 0. 001)。结论:患者的疾病状况虽然是影响住院天日与住院费用的重要因素,但本研究发现临床路径实施对腹腔镜胆囊切除患者的医疗质量与医疗资源管理具有影响,建议未来有更多实证研究检验临床路径效果,以供相关政策参考。