HPLC测定复方氨肽素片中氨茶碱与马来酸氯苯那敏的含量及含量均匀度

目的 建立HPLC测定复方氨肽素片中氨茶碱与马来酸氯苯那敏的含量及含量均匀度。方法 色谱柱为YMC Hydrosphere C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.5%磷酸溶液(用三乙胺调pH值至2.2)(10∶90),流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温为30 ℃,检测波长为262 nm。结果 茶碱和马来酸氯苯那敏分别在0.06~0.58 mg·mL^-1和2.2~20.0 μg·mL^-1内线性关系良好,回收率分别为100.4%和101.2%,RSD分别为0.74%和1.40%(n=9)。结论 方法快速准确,重复性好,结果可靠,可同时测定氨茶碱及马来酸氯苯那敏,为产品质量标准提高提供基础。     

HPLC法同时测定扑麻滴鼻液中2成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定扑麻滴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱和马来酸氯苯那敏含量的HPLC方法。方法:采用:PurospherSTAR RP18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以磷酸盐缓冲液(p H 3.0±0.1)-乙腈(82∶18)为流动相,流速为1.0 ml·min-1,在210nm波长处同时检测盐酸麻黄碱和马来酸氯苯那敏,柱温35℃,进样量20μl。结果:盐酸麻黄碱和马来酸氯苯那敏分别在19.81~118.85μg·ml-1和6.21~37.25μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,r分别为0.999 6和0.999 8。平均回收率分别为100.39%(RSD=0.69%,n=9)和100.11%(RSD=0.60%,n=9)。结论:该方法快速简便、重复性、准确性好,可用于该制剂中盐酸麻黄碱和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量测定。     

马来酸氟伏沙明治疗脑卒中后抑郁患者的对照研究

目的:比较马来酸氟伏沙明与阿米替林治疗脑卒中后抑郁患者的疗效和安全性。方法:符合诊断标准的脑卒中后抑郁患者共60例,随机分为两组,分别应用马来酸氟伏沙明和阿米替林治疗6周,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和副反应量表(TESS)于患者治疗前和治疗后2、4、6周分别评定疗效和不良反应,并于治疗前和治疗后2、4、6周分别检查患者血常规、肝功能、肾功能和心电图。结果:两组患者疗效无显著差异(P>0.05),马来酸氟伏沙明组和阿米替林组患者治疗后2、4、6周,HAMD评分均较治疗前显著下降(P均<0.01),两组患者间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。马来酸氟伏沙明组患者的不良反应较阿米替林组少而轻,两组间比较有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:马来酸氟伏沙明抗抑郁的作用显著,疗效与阿米替林相仿,患者的不良反应较阿米替林少且程度轻,具有良好的依从性和耐受性,可作为治疗脑卒中后抑郁首选药物。     

Effects of Chlorpheniramine Maleate on Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort in Patients Undergoing Ureteroscopic Stone Removal: A Randomized Double-Blind Study

Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) associated with intraoperative urinary catheterization is a distressing symptom during recovery from anesthesia. Anticholinergics have been used to manage CRBD. Chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) is a first-generation antihistamine, which also has anticholinergic effects. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of CPM in preventing CRBD. Seventy-six adults (19-65 years old) with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I, II, or III of either sex, undergoing elective ureteroscopic stone removal under general anesthesia were randomized into one of two groups (each n = 38). Group C (control) received a placebo, and group CPM received 8 mg of intravenous CPM before the induction of anesthesia. CRBD was assessed upon arrival in the post-anesthetic care unit at 0, 1, 2, and 6 h. The severity of CRBD was graded as none, mild, moderate, and severe. Tramadol was administered when the severity of CRBD was more than moderate. The incidence rate and overall severity of CRBD did not differ between the groups at any of the time points (р > 0.05). The incidence of moderate CRBD was higher in group C than in group CPM only at 0 h (26.3% vs. 5.3%, р = 0.025). However, fewer patients in the CPM group required rescue tramadol to relieve CRBD after surgery (31.6% vs. 60.5%, р = 0.011). CPM administration before the induction of anesthesia had little effect on the incidence and severity of CRBD after surgery, but it reduced the administration of tramadol required to control CRBD postoperatively.     

酚氨咖敏颗粒质量标准研究

目的完善酚氨咖敏颗粒的质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对乙酰氨基酚、氨基比林、咖啡因及马来酸氯苯那敏进行定性鉴别。采用气相色谱(GC)法同时测定4种成分的含量,色谱柱为TR-1弹性石英毛细管柱(30 m×0. 32 mm,0. 25μm),程序升温(起始温度为180℃,保持1 min,再以8℃/min的速率升至240℃,保持2 min),氢火焰离子化检测器温度为260℃。结果 TLC法可同时鉴别酚氨咖敏颗粒中4种成分。对乙酰氨基酚、氨基比林、咖啡因及马来酸氯苯那敏质量浓度线性范围分别为186. 3~5 960μg/m L(r=0. 999 9),124. 9~3 996μg/m L(r=0. 999 9),38. 24~1 224μg/m L(r=1. 000 0)和2. 525~80. 80μg/m L(r=0. 999 9);平均加样回收率分别为98. 69%,99. 45%,99. 52%,101. 40%,RSD分别为1. 36%,1. 62%,1. 20%,1. 25%(n=9)。结论该方法简便快速、准确可靠,适用于酚氨咖敏颗粒中4种成分的定性、定量分析,可更全面地控制该制剂的质量。     

中药序贯疗法治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征43例

目的 评价中药序贯治疗方案对腹泻型肠易激综合征的临床疗效。方法 将90例肠易激综合征患者分成试验组与对照组（共脱落6例,最终试验组43例,对照组41例）。试验组患者分阶段先后口服疏肝健脾利湿汤剂、参术益肠丸,对照组患者口服单剂马来酸曲美布汀片,两组疗程均为6周。记录并比较两组治疗前及治疗2周末和6周末的症状总积分,评价两组临床疗效。结果 治疗6周末,试验组临床疗效明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。与治疗前比较,治疗6周后两组腹痛或腹部不适、大便次数、大便性状、腹胀、排便紧迫感和黏液便积分均显著降低（P<0.05）,其中试验组大便性状和黏液便积分降低值显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗2周末和治疗6周末,试验组症状总积分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,且两组症状总积分均较前一时点显著降低（P<0.05）。结论 中药序贯治疗方案对腹泻型肠易激综合征患者的症状有明显改善作用,且起效快、作用持久。     

益精补阳还五汤联合马来酸噻吗洛尔治疗POAG的疗效分析

目的:探讨益精补阳还五汤联合马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液对原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者眼血供、眼压及视力的影响。方法:选取2018-02/2020-02本院POAG患者120例,依据随机表分为滴眼组(60例,给予马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗)和汤液组(60例,给予马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液联合益精补阳还五汤治疗),比较两组眼血供[视网膜中央动脉(CRA)和睫状后动脉(PCA)的舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、收缩期峰值血流速度(PSA)、阻力指数(RI)]、眼压、视力、视野[平均视敏度(MS)、平均视野缺损(MD)]、疗效、不良反应。结果:汤液组和滴眼组治疗后CRA和PCA的EDV、PSA及视力、MS明显高于治疗前,汤液组和滴眼组治疗后CRA、PCA的RI及眼压、MD明显低于治疗前,汤液组治疗后CRA和PCA的EDV、PSA及视力、MS明显高于滴眼组,汤液组治疗后CRA、PCA的RI及眼压、MD明显低于滴眼组(P<0.05);汤液组治疗有效率明显高于滴眼组(P<0.05);汤液组和滴眼组不良反应率无差异(P>0.05)。结论:益精补阳还五汤联合马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液可有效改善POAG患者眼血供、眼压及视力、视野,提高了疗效,且安全性好。     

Impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity following prenatal ethanol exposure are dependent on glutathione levels

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that prenatal ethanol exposure (PNEE) causes a significant deficit in synaptic plasticity, namely long‐term potentiation (LTP), in the dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus of male rats. PNEE has also been shown to induce an increase in oxidative stress and a reduction in antioxidant capacity in the brains of both male and female animals. In this study the interaction between LTP and the major antioxidant in the brain, glutathione (GSH), is examined. We show that depletion of the intracellular reserves of GSH with diethyl maleate (DEM) reduces LTP in control male, but not female animals, mirroring the effects of PNEE. Furthermore, treatment of PNEE animals with N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC), a cysteine donor for the synthesis of GSH, increases GSH levels in the hippocampus and completely restores the deficits in LTP in PNEE males. These results indicate that in males GSH plays a major role in regulating LTP, and that PNEE may cause reductions in LTP by reducing the intracellular pool of this endogenous antioxidant. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

酚氨咖敏片致药物超敏反应综合征

1例43岁女性患者,因感冒口服酚氨咖敏片(1片,tid),第2天停药。用药第5天出现四肢发疹,红斑伴瘙痒明显,用药第7天发展至面部,用药第9天出现高热,实验室检查示白细胞 22.82 × 10_-9?L_-1,中性粒细胞百分率89.3%, 嗜酸性粒细胞百分率2.7%,丙氨酸氨基转移酶95 U?L_-1,门冬氨酸氨基转移酶55 U?L_-1,乳酸脱氢酶228 U?L_-1,磷酸肌酸激酶27 U_?L_-1,总胆红素10.2 μmol?L_-1,直接胆红素3.4 μmol?L_-1,1-3-β-D葡聚糖7.00 pg?ml_-1,内毒素5.00 pg?ml_-1。考虑为酚氨咖敏片致药物超敏反应综合征。给予注射用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠(80 mg,qd)、复方甘草酸苷注射液(100 ml,qd)静脉滴注,依巴斯汀片(10 mg,qd)、盐酸赛庚啶片(2 mg,qd)口服。停药第14天面部、躯干、四肢见暗红斑及色素沉着斑片,皮疹明显消退,白细胞14.95 × 10_-9?L_-1,中性粒细胞百分率72.0%, 嗜酸性粒细胞百分率1.2%,丙氨酸氨基转移酶44 U?L_-1,门冬氨酸氨基转移酶14 U?L_-1,乳酸脱氢酶165 U?L_-1,磷酸肌酸激酶14 U?L_-1,总胆红素9.0 μmol?L_-1,直接胆红素1.9 μmol?L_-1。停药后6周,皮疹全部消退,皮肤颜色基本正常。     

马来酸依那普利片稳定性研究

目的 提高马来酸依那普利片的稳定性。方法 将马来酸依那普利原料和碳酸氢钠以1:3的摩尔比溶解在水中,作为粘合剂使用。结果 通过原辅料相容性试验表明,处理后的API与各辅料相容性较好,杂质没有明显变化;通过制剂的加速6个月试验表明：杂质C由0.15%增长至0.61%,杂质D由未检出增长到0.48%;通过长期12个月的数据表明：杂质C由0.15%增长至0.42%,杂质D由未检出增长至0.1%。结论 通过原辅料相容性和稳定性考察结果显示,该工艺有效解决了马来酸依那普利制剂稳定性不好的问题。