青霉素联合氯霉素治疗小儿化脓性脑膜炎的疗效观察

目的探讨在西部欠发达地区应用青霉素联合氯霉素治疗小儿化脓性脑膜炎的疗效及可行性。方法将确诊为小儿化脓性脑膜炎的132例患儿随机分为对照组和治疗组各66例,对照组使用常规青霉素治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上联合应用氯霉素,观察2组患儿治疗后的效果。结果治疗组与对照组相比,治疗组体温恢复正常时间、外周白细胞计数恢复正常时间及脑脊液白细胞计数恢复正常时间较对照组明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论青霉素联合氯霉素治疗儿童化脓性脑膜炎疗效显著、经济安全。     

氯霉素鱼肝油乳剂中氯霉素含量的测定

为建立氯霉素鱼肝油乳剂中氯霉素的含量测定方法，采用紫外分光光度法测定其含量，检测波长为275nm。结果显示，线性浓度范围为4.97μg／ml—29．82μg／ml，平均回收率为99．48％，RSD为2．08％。本法简便、快速、准确。适用于该制剂的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定氯霉素泡腾片中氯霉素含量

目的建立氯霉素泡腾片中氯霉素含量测定的高效液相色谱方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法,其中色谱柱为Kromasil 100-5 C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）;流动相为0.01mol/L庚烷磺酸钠缓冲溶液（取磷酸二氢钾6.8 g,用0.01 mol/L庚烷磺酸钠溶液溶解并稀释至1000 mL,再加三乙胺5 mL,混匀,用磷酸调pH值至2.5）-乙腈为70∶30;柱温为室温;检测波长为274 nm。结果氯霉素在20.7～72.6μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为100.10%,RSD值为0.93%。结论本法操作简便,专属性好,精密度高,可作为氯霉素泡腾片的含量测定方法。     

医院制剂品种的实验筛选

本文就医院制剂的7个品种,从处方组成与临床疗效,药剂技术、检验分析、稳定性的关系进行了实验筛选。对制剂质量作出评价。     

A Potential Soft Tissue Filling Material: Chloramphenicol Loaded Poly(D, L–Lactide) Sponges

Abstract: Poly(D, L–lactide) (PDLLA) homopolymers were produced by the ring opening polymerization of a D, L–lactide dimer by using stannous chloride as the catalyst. Chloramphenicol loaded PDLLA sponges were prepared by a solvent evaporation procedure by using the PDLLA homopolymers with three different molecular weights (i. e., 11, 000, 20, 000 and 35, 000 daltons). Chloramphenicol loading was changed by using three different solvents (i. e., acetone, ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile) and by changing the initial polymer concentration and its molecular weight and the initial concentration of the drug. Higher degradation rates of the chloramphenicol loaded PDLLA sponges in alkaline pH 9. 0 and at 37°C were observed. Chloramphenicol release rates were also high at these conditions. It was concluded that chloramphenicol release was both degradation and diffusion controlled.     

高效液相色谱法测定血浆及尿中氯霉素的含量

采用高效液相色谱法,以非那西汀为内标物在λ_(max)=278nm下,研究了血浆及尿中氯霉素的含量。本法测定结果:保留时间:氯霉素7 min,非那西汀11min;最低检测浓度:血样为52.3%μg/ml,尿样为37μg/ml;平均回收率:血样为100.5%,尿样为99.7%;线性范围:血样及尿样均为5～50μg/ml;日内变异系数:血样在1.10%以下,尿样在1.19%以下;日间变异系数:血样在5.3%以下,尿样在5.9%以下;新诺明等药物对测定无干扰。     

Nitrosoguanidine-induced adaptive repair in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Summary Error-proof adaptive repair has been demonstrated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cells of actively replicating wild-type Ps. aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and its auxotrophic derivative PAO 286 were subjected to stepwise adaptation (up to 1 g ml^-1) by nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Such cells resisted lethal and mutagenic effects of MNNG-challenge (lethal) doses more efficiently than those of nonadapted cultures. Similarly, reactivation of alkylated Pseudomonas phages was enhanced in adapted cells only. Induction of adaptive repair enzymes was sensitive to chloramphenicol (protein synthesis-inhibiting antibiotic) during adaption treatment only. Protein extract from adapted cells showed increased levels in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).     

Inter-laboratory studies for the evaluation of ELISA kits for the detection of chloramphenicol residues in milk and muscle

The use of chloramphenicol in veterinary medicine was banned in the EU in 1994. As the Community Reference Laboratory for antibiotic residues in food of animal origin, one of our functions is to organize inter-laboratory studies. A first inter-laboratory study for the analysis of chloramphenicol (CAP) in milk by ELISA kits was organized in 2001 and a second one for the detection of CAP in pig muscle by ELISA kits in 2002. These studies were intended to allow participants to control their CAP ELISA methods when used routinely and also to compare the performances of various ELISA kits for the detection of chloramphenicol in milk (commercial or in-house kits). In 2001, 15 participants received ten randomly coded frozen milk samples (four blank samples and six spiked milk samples from 0.5 to 5.0 μg/l). In 2002, 20 participants received eight randomly coded frozen muscle samples (two blank samples and six incurred muscle samples from 2.1 to 6.5 μg/kg). They were asked to analyse each sample in triplicate with the ELISA kit of their choice. Different kits from different suppliers were used and compared in the two studies. The results of the two inter-laboratory studies on ELISA kits were satisfactory regarding qualitative results. The global rates of false compliant results of 2.2% for milk and 0.0% for pig muscle samples were lower than 5% whichever kit was used. The global rates of false non-compliant results (16.7% and 10% for milk and muscle respectively) were also satisfactory. The distribution of false non-compliant results depends on the kind of kit used and on the detection limit for milk as well as for muscle. Moreover the sample preparation was very important to avoid false non-compliant results. Finally, this study demonstrates that ELISA kits for chloramphenicol in milk and muscle globally show good repeatability and accuracy. So these kits could be considered as suitable tests for screening purposes.     

The contribution of common rpsL mutations in Escherichia coli to sensitivity to ribosome targeting antibiotics

Point mutations in the rpsL gene encoding ribosomal protein S12 can generate resistance to streptomycin, resulting in rapid emergence of resistance to this antibiotic during treatment. In this work, we demonstrate that while spontaneous rpsL mutants in Escherichia coli are resistant to streptomycin, they are more sensitive to the ribosome – targeting antibiotics chloramphenicol, tetracycline and erythromycin. Moreover, combinations of these antibiotics, even in low concentrations were enough to achieve complete growth inhibition of both wild type and rpsL mutant strains. Thus, combining ribosome-targeting drugs can be used as a new treatment strategy that may be effective against streptomycin-resistant ribosome mutants.