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61.
理气类中药对大鼠离体胃平滑肌条的作用 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
目的:观察理气类中药对大鼠离体胃平滑肌条运动的影响。方法:将肌条放置在灌流肌槽中,用生理记录仪记录肌条的收缩活动。结果:陈皮、枳实对胃各部位平滑肌条均为抑制效应,香附、薤白、木香、柿蒂、乌药对胃底肌条为兴奋效应,但对其他部位肌条则表现为兴奋或抑制不同的效应,沉香仅降低胃窦环行肌收缩波平均振幅,对其他肌条无影响。结论:理气类中药对大鼠离体胃平滑肌条既有兴奋作用,也有抑制作用。 相似文献
62.
63.
Summary. The first theoretical reflections concerning the relation of hormone production with the ageing process stemmed from Charles Edouard Brown-Sequard (1817–1894). At the age of 72 years he experimented on himself with an injection of animal testicular extract.
The Viennese physiologist Eugen Steinach (1861–1944) gained world-wide acknowledgement for his theory of 'autoplastic' treatment of ageing. He deduced that after vasoligation, an increased incretory hormonal production would ensue following the cessation of the secretory output of the gonads. The first operation was performed in 1918 and resulted in a vasectomy boom over the next two decades.
The Russian Serge Voronoff (1866–1951), working in Paris, was one of the first to transplant testicular tissue from a monkey into a human reproductive gland in 1920. Five years later he had already performed this procedure on 300 patients and attracted patients from all over the world.
In America early efforts of human testicular transplantation were performed by Frank Lydston and V.D. Lespinasse. Steinach's vasoligation was taken over by many American doctors, e.g., Harry Benjamin and Charles H. Chetwood. Among the patients who underwent a rejuvenation operation according to Steinach's method were Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) and the Irish poet and Nobel Prize winner William Butler Yeats (1865–1939). Two caricatures from the German magazine Simplicissimus published in 1927, confirm that the rejuvenation operations were constantly in the limelight of the printed media. From 1935 onwards rejuvenation operations gradually lost their appeal due to the introduction of artificial androgens. 相似文献
The Viennese physiologist Eugen Steinach (1861–1944) gained world-wide acknowledgement for his theory of 'autoplastic' treatment of ageing. He deduced that after vasoligation, an increased incretory hormonal production would ensue following the cessation of the secretory output of the gonads. The first operation was performed in 1918 and resulted in a vasectomy boom over the next two decades.
The Russian Serge Voronoff (1866–1951), working in Paris, was one of the first to transplant testicular tissue from a monkey into a human reproductive gland in 1920. Five years later he had already performed this procedure on 300 patients and attracted patients from all over the world.
In America early efforts of human testicular transplantation were performed by Frank Lydston and V.D. Lespinasse. Steinach's vasoligation was taken over by many American doctors, e.g., Harry Benjamin and Charles H. Chetwood. Among the patients who underwent a rejuvenation operation according to Steinach's method were Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) and the Irish poet and Nobel Prize winner William Butler Yeats (1865–1939). Two caricatures from the German magazine Simplicissimus published in 1927, confirm that the rejuvenation operations were constantly in the limelight of the printed media. From 1935 onwards rejuvenation operations gradually lost their appeal due to the introduction of artificial androgens. 相似文献
64.
Alan B. Storrow MD Lawrence B. Stack MD Phred Petersen 《Academic emergency medicine》1994,1(5):454-462
In the emergency department, photography requires an expedient, portable, adaptable, and relatively simple camera system to take advantage of fleeting opportunities for recording visually educational material. These prerequisites are different from those for traditional medical photography, for which relatively plentiful time and advanced equipment are routinely available. Medical photography departments provide an invaluable service, but are rarely convenient for immediate or spontaneous emergency. department photographs. Although no single system or technique is optimal in all these areas, the authors find certain components and approaches work well. They review photographic equipment, paying attention to speed, ease of use, and quality of output. They also review simple techniques such as film choice, lighting, close-up photography, standardization, copy work, and radiographs. Attention to these details can help the inexperienced photographer obtain a system and begin to enjoy the rewards of effective photography in the emergency department. 相似文献
65.
本文采用高效液相色谱法测定了四种中成药中淫羊藿甙的含量。以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填料,柱温30℃;甲醇-0.2mol/L磷酸二氢钠水溶液(磷酸调pH=2.7)(57:43)为流动相,1ml/min;检测波长为268nm,淫羊藿甙色谱峰形对称、分离度好。所测补肾强身片、龟龄集、壮骨关节丸和前列宁冲剂中淫羊藿甙的含量分别为0.105%,0.0995%,0.0566%,0.313%。 相似文献
66.
周北凡 《中国慢性病预防与控制》1992,(1)
本文从心血管病流行病学研究工作的实际体会中提出:当前要提高科研工作水平的关键是提高研究防治队伍的科学素质.其中包括:应具备流行病学和生物统计学的基本知识,必要的心血管病临床知识和实践经验,关心常见心血管病的基础研究进展,和学习有关专业的知识,如营养学、行为医学、遗传学等.解决的办法除集中培训,个人努力学习外,更需组织有不同专业基础而有志于心血管病流行病学研究工作的人员密切合作,相互学习,取长补短,以达到共同提高. 相似文献
67.
G. M. Brieger M. Mongelli L. Y. Hin T. K. H. Chung 《International urogynecology journal》1997,8(4):191-195
The epidemiology of urinary dysfunction in a Chinese population living in Hong Kong was investigated. Fifteen hundred ethnic
Chinese women answered a telephone questionnaire including symptoms of urinary dysfunction, anthropometric measurements, obstetric
history and place of birth. The relative predictive value of these factors was analyzed using logistic regression. The prevalence
of urinary dysfunction was 13%. Ten percent reported stress incontinence, and 4% had urgency or urge incontinence. The strongest
predictor was place of birth, with women born in mainland China having the highest prevalence of pure stress incontinence
(OR 1.33, CI 1.1–1.6). For the symptoms of detrusor instability age was the strongest predictor, with women over 50 years
being at greater risk (OR 2.8, CI 1.6–5.0). Contrary to earlier beliefs, urinary dysfunction in Chinese women is as common
as in Caucasian women. Place of birth is the strongest predictor for pure stress incontinence, with women born in mainland
China being at greater risk. This suggests that environmental factors in early life have a differential effect on the development
of urinary incontinence.
EDITORIAL COMMENT: Taiwan Chinese women have a comparable prevalence of urinary dysfunction with Hong Kong Chinese women.
A survey representing a multistage sample of 82 678 women aged 18 years or older was conducted in the Taipei area from January
to June 1993. A total of 818 cases were interviewed by trained students. One hundred and eighty-nine (23.1%) of the respondents
reported having had some degree of incontinence in the preceding 12 months, 28 (3.4%) reporting regular incontinence. Most
presented with stress urinary incontinence, whereas urge incontinence and mixed incontinence were more commonly seen in the
elderly group (aged 60 years or older). The risk factors for urinary incontinence included age, number of vaginal deliveries
(>3), number of abortions (>2) and maternal history of incontinence. Voiding symptoms (irritative or obstructive) and constipation
were significantly more prevalent among respondents with incontinence than those without (P<0.001). This evidence also indicates that the long-held belief that Chinese women have a much lower prevalence of urinary
dysfunction than western women has all but ended. 相似文献
68.
69.
70.
Martin V. Pusic MD George S. Pachev PhD Wendy A. MacDonald MD 《Academic emergency medicine》2007,14(2):138-148
Objectives
To explore medical students' use of computer tutorials embedded in a busy clinical setting; to demonstrate that such tutorials can increase knowledge gain over and above that attributable to the clinical rotation itself.
Methods
Six tutorials were installed on a computer placed in a central area in an emergency department. Each tutorial was made up of between 33 and 85 screens of information that include text, graphics, animations, and questions. They were designed to be brief (10 minutes), focused, interactive, and immediately relevant. The authors evaluated the intervention using quantitative research methods, including usage tracking, surveys of faculty and students, and a randomized pretest-posttest study.
Results
Over 46 weeks, 95 medical students used the tutorials 544 times, for an overall average of 1.7 times a day. The median time spent on completed tutorials was 11 minutes (average [SD], 14 [±12] minutes). Seventy-four students completed the randomized study. They completed 65% of the assigned tutorials, resulting in improved examination scores compared with the control (effect size, 0.39; 95% confidence interval = 0.15 to 0.62). Students were positively disposed to the tutorials, ranking them as "valuable." Fifty-four percent preferred the tutorials to small group teaching sessions with a preceptor. The faculty was also positive about the tutorials, although they did not appear to integrate the tutorials directly into their teaching.
Conclusions
Medical students on rotation in a busy clinical setting can and will use appropriately presented computer tutorials. The tutorials are effective in raising examination scores. 相似文献
To explore medical students' use of computer tutorials embedded in a busy clinical setting; to demonstrate that such tutorials can increase knowledge gain over and above that attributable to the clinical rotation itself.
Methods
Six tutorials were installed on a computer placed in a central area in an emergency department. Each tutorial was made up of between 33 and 85 screens of information that include text, graphics, animations, and questions. They were designed to be brief (10 minutes), focused, interactive, and immediately relevant. The authors evaluated the intervention using quantitative research methods, including usage tracking, surveys of faculty and students, and a randomized pretest-posttest study.
Results
Over 46 weeks, 95 medical students used the tutorials 544 times, for an overall average of 1.7 times a day. The median time spent on completed tutorials was 11 minutes (average [SD], 14 [±12] minutes). Seventy-four students completed the randomized study. They completed 65% of the assigned tutorials, resulting in improved examination scores compared with the control (effect size, 0.39; 95% confidence interval = 0.15 to 0.62). Students were positively disposed to the tutorials, ranking them as "valuable." Fifty-four percent preferred the tutorials to small group teaching sessions with a preceptor. The faculty was also positive about the tutorials, although they did not appear to integrate the tutorials directly into their teaching.
Conclusions
Medical students on rotation in a busy clinical setting can and will use appropriately presented computer tutorials. The tutorials are effective in raising examination scores. 相似文献