急性早幼粒细胞白血病缓解后治疗方案的选择

目的 寻求一种有效的急性早幼粒细胞白血病（APL）缓解后的治疗方案. 方法 32例APL患者经全反式维甲酸（ATRA）诱导分化达完全缓解后,14例采用ATRA、联合化疗交替治疗,18例采用ATRP、联合化疗及As2O3序贯治疗,分析两种治疗方案的疗效、不良反应及对PML/RARα融合基因的影响. 结果 序贯组、交替组3年累计CCR率分别为87.3%和52.6%,两组PML/RARα融合基因阳性率同期比较差异无显著性;联用As2O3序贯治疗不良反应轻微. 结论 APL患者CR后,采用ATRA、联合化疗及As2O3序贯治疗,持续缓解率高,不良反应轻微.     

化疗联合放疗治疗鼻咽癌的临床分析

目的探讨化疗联合放疗治疗鼻咽癌的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,分析钦州市第一人民医院收治的鼻咽癌患者临床资料,依据治疗方式不同分为放疗组30例和放疗联合化疗组50例。结果放疗联合化疗组临床治疗缓解率明显优于放疗组,放疗联合化疗组治疗后生活质量评分、体力状况评分明显高于放疗组治疗后,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论放疗联合化疗治疗鼻咽癌临床效果较好,值得临床推广应用。     

A clinically relevant dose of cyclophosphamide chemotherapy impairs memory performance on the delayed spatial alternation task that is sustained over time as mice age

BackgroundCyclophosphamide chemotherapy is a mainstay of adjuvant breast cancer treatment. Unfortunately, this drug is associated with cognitive impairments in cancer patients that may accelerate cognitive aging. Memory is particularly affected in many patients. In order to better understand the precise cognitive impairments caused by this chemotherapy agent, we investigated a clinically relevant dose and administration paradigm on delayed spatial memory abilities in C57BL/6 mice. We utilized a delayed alternation paradigm similar to a delayed match to sample paradigm reported to be sensitive in human neurotoxicology research.MethodsA dose of 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide was administered intravenously (at weekly intervals) for 4 weeks to C57BL/6 mice starting at 6 ½ months of age. Memory was tested in mice using a reward-based delayed spatial alternation paradigm with delay values of 1.5, 3, 6.1, 12.4 and 25 s presented randomly over 80 sessions (16 reinforcers per session), and testing began at the initiation of chemotherapy through 3 months.ResultsAt the longest delay, i.e., that requiring the greatest memory, mice treated with chemotherapy exhibited a significant decline over time in percent correct which leveled off compared to controls that continued to improve slightly.ConclusionsOur clinically relevant model shows cyclophosphamide chemotherapy causes a slight decline in delayed spatial memories at the longest delay that is sustained over time as mice age.     

Microfluidic‐based,live‐cell analysis allows assessment of NK‐cell migration in response to crosstalk with dendritic cells

Migration and localization of NK cells into peripheral tissues are tightly regulated under normal and pathological conditions. The physiological importance of NK cell–DC crosstalk has been well documented. However, the ways in which DCs regulate the migratory properties of NK cells (such as chemotaxis, chemokinesis, chemo‐repulsion) are not fully defined in vitro. Here, we employed a microfluidic platform to examine, at the single‐cell level, C57BL/6 NK‐cell migrations in a stable chemical gradient. We observed that soluble factors released by the immature and LPS‐activated mature DCs induced a high level of chemotactic movement of IL‐2‐activated NK cells in vitro. We confirmed these findings in a standard trans‐well migration assay, and identified CXCR3 as a key receptor on the NK cells that mediated the migration. More interestingly, we revealed a novel function of granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor in repulsing NK‐cell migrations. The future uses of such microfluidic device in the systematic evaluations of NK‐cell migratory responses in NK cell–DC crosstalk will provide new insights into the development of DC‐based NK‐cell therapies against tumor and infections.     

腔内放射免疫化学治疗晚期食管癌

为了观察腔内免疫放化治疗晚期食管癌的效果，选择经Ｘ线、胃镜及病理检查确诊的晚期食管癌３２例，随机分为两组。治疗组在内镜直视下腔内注射放射性３２Ｐ、丝裂霉素Ｃ、长春新硷及卡介苗，每月１次；对照组给予５－ＦＵ及米托蒽醌，静脉注射，每月１次，或口服ＦＴ２０７。结果有效率（ＣＲ＋ＰＲ）治疗组为８１．３％，对照组为２５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；一年生存率治疗组为４３．８％，对照组为６．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；一般状况评分（按ＷＨＯ五级分类）２级以上者治疗组占９３．７％，对照组占３７．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１），说明腔内免疫放化疗可明显延长患者的生存期并提高患者的生存质量。     

Apoptosis induction of cardiomyocytes and subsequent fibrosis after irradiation and neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Abstract

Purpose: Breast cancer treatments can induce important cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiac alterations after irradiation and chemotherapy in an animal model.

Material and methods: Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Control, TC+ IR (received chemotherapy and irradiation) and IR (received only irradiation). After 5 months, echocardiography was performed, the animals were euthanized, and the left ventricle was analyzed using light microscopy techniques and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Results: Echocardiography showed decreases in ejection fraction and cardiac output, in TC+ IR group. Both TC+ IR and IR showed reduced intramyocardial vessel-to-cardiomyocyte ratio, increased connective tissue, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, increased numbers of apoptotic nuclei and increased Bax/Bcl2 expression. We also observed increased Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 1 mRNA expression in both groups, but type 1 Procollagen expression was increased in TC+ IR group only.

Conclusions: The study suggests that the induced cardiac remodelling begins with the reduction of intramyocardial vessels in the left ventricle tissue. The main consequence is the loss of cardiomyocytes through apoptosis, leading to the replacement of healthy tissue by fibrous tissue. It was observed that the damage caused by the combination of irradiation and chemotherapy induced functional alterations that did not occur when the animals were only irradiated.