火焰原子吸收光谱法测定资木瓜中的微量元素

目的测定资木瓜的微量元素含量,为资木瓜的综合利用提供理论依据。方法用HNO3＋HClO4对资木瓜进行湿法消解,用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定资木瓜中Fe,Ca,Cu,Zn,Mg等5种微量元素的含量。结果资木瓜的Fe,Ca,Cu,Zn,Mg含量分别为48.55～89.52μg/g,3070.13～4020.02μg/g,1.64～6.56μg/g,12.83～16.03μg/g,3876.65～4967.94μg/g,回收率为91.14%～101.26%。结论资木瓜含有大量人体必需的Fe,Ca,Cu,Zn,Mg等微量元素,含量测定方法简单、快速,结果令人满意。     

皱皮木瓜正丁醇部位化学成分研究

目的研究皱皮木瓜正丁醇部位的化学成分。方法利用正反相硅胶、凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)等多种柱色谱法对皱皮木瓜正丁醇部位化学成分进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果分离得到了8个化合物,经鉴定分别为1,2,4-苯三酚(1)、没食子酸(2)、奎尼内酯(3)、5-羟基烟酸(4)、对羟基肉桂酸葡萄糖酯(5)、对羟基苯甲酸葡萄糖苷(6)、(6S,9R)-长寿花糖苷(7)、吐叶醇1-O-β-D-木糖-6-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)。结论化合物1～6均为从本植物中首次分离得到。     

Ethanolic extract and water-soluble polysaccharide from Chaenomeles speciosa fruit modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Chaenomeles speciosa fruits have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of diseases related to inflammatory reaction. This study aims to identify anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory components of Chaenomeles speciosa fruit and unravel their potential mechanisms.

Materials and methods

Ethanolic extract and its n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions, as well as water-soluble polysaccharide, were prepared from dry fruits of Chaenomeles speciosa. The mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and used as an inflammatory cell model. Production of nitric oxide in the cells was determined by the Griess assay, and cell viability was tested by the MTT method. Cellular apoptosis was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Relative quantification of inflammation-related genes was analyzed by real-time PCR.

Results

LPS-induced production of nitric oxide in RAW264.7 cells was significantly inhibited by the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) at 200–800 μg/ml, while Chaenomeles speciosa polysaccharide (CPS) promoted nitric oxide production at 250–750 μg/ml either alone or in an additive fashion with LPS. Both EAF and CPS did not provoke noticeable cytotoxicity and apoptosis at the above effective concentrations. EAF significantly reduced LPS-induced upshift of iNOS mRNA level but showed no significant effect on the induction of IFN-γ and G-CSF, while CPS reduced the gene induction of TNF-α, IFN-γ and G-CSF by LPS.

Conclusions

EAF was able to inhibit nitric oxide production by reducing LPS-induced upshift of iNOS mRNA level. CPS was an activator of nitric oxide production through cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ and G-CSF. These results demonstrate the therapeutic effects of both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Chaenomeles speciosa fruit, a traditional edible medicine used in health maintenance and disease treatment.     

HPLC法同时测定木瓜中绿原酸、咖啡酸的含量

目的建立以高效液相色谱法同时测定木瓜药材中绿原酸、咖啡酸含量的方法。方法以咖啡酸、绿原酸为对照品,对不同采收时间、不同炮制方法、不同存放时间的11批木瓜药材进行含量测定比较。色谱柱Kromasil C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相(A)乙腈、(B)0.05%磷酸,梯度洗脱(0~10min,0%A~15%A,100%B~85%B;10~40min,15%A~30%A,85%B~70%B);流速0.8mL.min-1;检测波长325nm。结果第1~9批药材中绿原酸含量分别为0.020%、0.035%、0.043%、0.051%、0.260%、0.104%、0.081%、0.056%、0.034%,咖啡酸含量分别为0.005%、0.006%、0.008%、0.010%、0.051%、0.024%、0.020%、0.015%、0.007%;第8'批药材(烫制)中绿原酸、咖啡酸含量分别为0.045%和0.010%;第9’批药材(存放1a)中绿原酸、咖啡酸含量分别为0.023%和0.005%。结论本方法简单、重现性好,能控制木瓜的药材质量。第5批木瓜采收时间以7月12日最佳,炮制方法以晒制较好,存放时间对绿原酸的含量有一定影响。     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化资木瓜黄酮的研究

目的:研究大孔吸附树脂分离纯化资木瓜黄酮工艺,为资木瓜黄酮的工业化生产提供依据。方法:采用DM-01,DA-201,DS-401,D-101-Ⅰ,D-101 5种型号大孔吸附树脂对资木瓜黄酮进行吸附纯化,以黄酮收率、纯度为考察指标综合评价,优选出最佳树脂;对优选出的树脂进行洗脱溶剂和洗脱用量的探讨。结果:5种大孔吸附树脂静态饱和吸附量以干树脂计分别为70.80,79.72,66.24,63.12,56.16 mg.g^-1(干树脂);静态洗脱率分别为85.76%,79.24%,73.57%,81.45%,71.01%;DM-301型树脂综合性能最好,以50%乙醇为洗脱剂得到的目标产物纯度最高,为96.63%;30%和50%乙醇能洗脱树脂柱上大部分黄酮。结论:DM-301型大孔吸附树脂表现出较好的综合性能,可以用于纯化资木瓜黄酮;用30%和50%的乙醇作为洗脱剂较好。     

木瓜苷通过抑制滑膜细胞功能减轻大鼠佐剂性关节炎

目的：观察木瓜苷(GCS)对大鼠佐剂性关节炎(AA)的作用,分析该作用与改善滑膜细胞的形态和功能之间的联系,方法：弗氏完全佐剂诱导大鼠AA,足容积法测量AA大鼠继发侧足容积,对关节疼痛和多发性关节炎进行评分,用11型胶原酶和胰蛋白酶消化和分离滑膜细胞,透射电镜进行滑膜细胞的超微结构观察,小鼠胸腺细胞增殖法测定滑膜细胞培养上清液中的IL—l水平,放射免疫法测定其中TNFα和PGE2含量．结果：GCS(60,120mg／kg)连续灌胃8天,可明显减轻大鼠AA的继发性足肿胀、炎性疼痛反应和多发性关节炎指数,改善滑膜细胞形态的异常并降低其高分泌的IL-1、TNFα和PGE2含量;GCS(120mg／kg)在减轻继发性炎症、疼痛和抑制滑膜细胞分泌PGE,方面明显优于阿克他利．结论：GCS具有减轻大鼠AA的作用,该作用的发挥可通过改善滑膜细胞异常的超微结构并抑制其过度分泌IL-1、TNFα和PGE2。     

二十一种中药对小鼠免疫药理作用的初步研究

海藻等２１种中药水煎剂，３０ｇ／ｋｇ×７ｄ，ｐｏ，对正常小鼠免疫功能影响的研究结果表明：海藻、龟版、草　及柴胡能明显促进绵羊红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）所致的小鼠迟发超敏反应（ＤＴＨ）；木瓜、牛膝、山萸肉及秦　能明显抑制ＳＲＢＣ所致的小鼠ＤＴＨ；野菊花、沙参及牛膝能明显促进小鼠凝集素抗体的产生；木瓜、草　、龟版、天麻及鳖甲对小鼠单核吞噬系统的功能有明显的促进作用，山萸肉能明显抑制小鼠单核吞噬系统的功能；海藻、野菊花能明显增加小鼠的脾脏及胸腺指数，柴胡也能明显增加小鼠的胸腺指数，木瓜、山萸肉、牛膝、秦　及葛根能明显降低小鼠的胸腺指数。本研究结果提示，中药免疫药理作用可能是多方面的。     

不同质地木瓜中多糖含量测定

目的考察三种不同质地木瓜中多糖含量,为木瓜的临床合理应用和质量评价提供科学依据。方法采用苯酚-浓硫酸法显色,利用紫外分光光度法测定不同质地木瓜中多糖的含量。结果当年木瓜的多糖含量为5．7％,隔年木瓜的多糖含量为5．0％,陈年木瓜的多糖含量为5．1％。当年木瓜多糖含量稍高于隔年木瓜和陈年木瓜。结论该测定方法操作简单,重复性好,结果准确可靠,可用于木瓜多糖的含量测定。     

HPLC与色差法对光皮木瓜与不同产地皱皮木瓜药材的质量评价研究

目的:利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)与色差法对光皮木瓜与不同产地皱皮木瓜进行质量评价,探讨其质量控制的新方法,为中药木瓜的品质鉴定提供依据。方法:选择光皮木瓜与不同产地皱皮木瓜共15批次,应用HPLC测定木瓜中熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量,应用色差法比较不同批次供试药材的甲醇提液颜色。结果:HPLC检测结果显示所测供试药材的熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量分别为0.16%~2.51%和0.44%~1.96%,总量均不低于0.50%,符合《中华人民共和国药典》规定,但光皮木瓜有效成分含量低于皱皮木瓜;色差法检测结果显示各批药材的△E^*值(总色差值)相差不大,但光皮木瓜药材的a^*、b^*值与皱皮木瓜各批次存在明显差异。结论:色差法可以作为鉴别皱皮木瓜和光皮木瓜的一种新方法。     

Triterpene acids isolated from Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves as α‐glucosidase inhibitors

The potential antidiabetic activity of ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa (LSL) was investigated by α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibition assay. Six pentacyclic triterpenes (oleanolic acid, arjunolic acid, asiatic acid, maslinic acid, corosolic acid and 23‐hydroxyursolic acid) were isolated from LSL. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and their α‐glycosidase and α‐amylase inhibitory activities were investigated. They exhibited no or weak inhibitory activity against α‐amylase and middle α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities. Corosolic acid, which shows best bioactivity against α‐glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 3.53 µg/mL), contributes most to the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of EtOAc extract. The kinetics of inhibition of corosolic acid was also discussed. Results from this study might provide the scientific evidence for LSL for the treatment of diabetes in traditional medicine. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.